成人本科学位英语阅读理解专项强化真题试卷20(题后含答案及解析)

成人本科学位英语阅读理解专项强化真题试卷20(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.IsHalloweencelebratedwhereyoulive?IntheUnitedStatesandCanada,HalloweeniswidelyknownandcelebratedeveryyearonOctober31.Halloweencustoms,though,canbefoundinmanyotherpartsoftheglobe.Insomeplacesholidaysarecelebratedthat,althoughnameddifferently,sharesimilarthemes:contactwiththespiritworldinvolvingthespiritsofthedead,thedevilandangels.Personally,youmaynotbelieveinsupernaturalspirits.YoumightsimplyviewtakingpartinHalloweenandsimilarcelebrationsasawaytohavefunandteachyourchildrentoexploretheirimagination.Manypeople,though,regardthesecelebrationsasharmfulforthefollowingreasons:Firstly,Halloweenisactuallyrelatedtotheprospectofcontactwithspiritualforces,manyofwhichthreatenorfrighten.Likewise,manycelebrationslikeHalloweenhavereligiousoriginsandaredeeplyrootedinancestorworship(祖先崇拜).Eventoday,peoplearoundtheworldusethesedaystomakecontactwithsupposedspiritsofthedead.Secondly,althoughHalloweenhasbeenviewedmainlyasanAmericanholiday,eachyearpeopleinmoreandmorecountrieshavebeenadoptingit.Manynewcomerstothecelebration,however,areunawareofthereligiousoriginsofHalloweensymbols,decorations,andcustoms,mostofwhicharerelatedtosupernaturalbeingsandsupernaturalforces.Thirdly,thousandsofpeople,whofollowancientCelts(凯尔特人),stillcallHalloweenbytheancientnameSamhainandconsiderittobethemostsacrednightoftheyear.Othersdon’trealizeit,whilethey’recelebratingtheCelticholiday.Inviewoftheforegoing,itiswiseforyoutoknowaboutthedarkoriginsofHalloweenandsimilarcelebrations.Havingthisfullerunderstandingmayhelpyoudecidewhethertoparticipateintheseholidays.1．Accordingtotheauthor,thethemeofHalloweenisto______.A．celebratetheharvestseasonB．spreadreligiousteachingsC．contactthespiritofthedeadD．helpchildrenexploretheirimagination正确答案：C2．ManypeopleregardHalloweencelebrationsasharmfulbecause______.A．thecelebrationscandisturbthedeadB．someofthecelebrationactivitiesarefrighteningC．childrenmaybefrightenedbysupernaturalforcesD．someofthecelebrationsareverydangerous正确答案：B3．ThosewhocelebrateHalloweenwithoutknowingitsoriginsmay______.A．notunderstandHalloween’struemeaningB．actasstrangelyasthedeadandthedevilsC．ruintheatmosphereofthecelebrationsD．changetheirreligiousbeliefs正确答案：A4．Accordingtothepassage,Halloweenwasprobablyfirstcelebratedby______.A．AmericansB．CanadiansC．IndiansD．Celts正确答案：D5．Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassageisto______.A．warnpeoplenottocelebrateHalloweenanymoreB．criticizetheHalloweencelebrationactivitiesC．tellpeopletobecarefulindecidingwhethertocelebrateHalloweenD．promotethetraditionofHalloweenanditscelebrations正确答案：CAmericansusetheterm“collegestudents”tomeanstudentseitherincollegesoruniversities.Notonlythat,Americansalmostneversay“goingofftouniversity”or“whenIwasinuniversity.”ThatsoundsBritish.Instead,theysay“goingofftocollege”and“whenIwasincollege.”College,university:what’sthedifference?Collegesanduniversitieshavemanythingsincommon.Bothofferundergraduatedegreesintheartsandsciences,forexample.Andbothcanhelpprepareyoungpeopletoearnaliving.Butmanycollegesdonotoffergraduatestudies.Anotherdifferenceisthatuniversitiesaregenerallybigger.Theyoffermoreprogramsanddomoreresearch.Anotherplaceofhighereducation,especiallyintechnicalareas,isaninstitute,liketheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.Yetevenaninstituteoftechnologycanofferawidechoiceofprogramsandactivities.M.I.T.saysthat75percentoffreshmencometherewithastronginterestandinvolvementinthearts.ModernuniversitiesdevelopedfromthoseofEuropeintheMiddleAges.Theword“university”camefromtheLatinuniversitas,describingagroupofpeopleorganizedforacommonpurpose.“College”camefromcollegium,aLatinwordwithasimilarmeaning.InEngland,collegeswereformedtoprovidestudentswithplacestolive.Usuallyeachgroupwasstudyingthesamething.Socollegecametomeananareaofstudy.ThefirstAmericanuniversitiesdividedtheirstudiesintoanumberofareasandcalledeachoneacollege.Thisisstilltrue.Acollegecanalsobeapartofauniversity.Forexample,HarvardCollegeistheundergraduatepartofHarvardUniversity.Programsinhigherlearningcanalsobecalledschools,likeaschoolofengineeringoramedicalschoolwithinuniversity.Youknow,learningallthesetermsisaneducationinitself.6．Americansuse“collegestudents”torefertostudentseitherincollegesoruniversities,because______.A．therearemorecollegesthanuniversitiesinAmericaB．collegesanduniversitiesareactuallythesameC．bothcollegesanduniversitiescanofferdegreesD．collegesanduniversitieshavemanythingsincommon正确答案：D7．Oneofthedifferencesbetweencollegesanduniversitiesisthat______.A．collegesdonotdoresearchB．nocollegeoffersgraduatestudiesC．collegesoftenofferfewerprogramsD．universitiesdon’tprovidedormitories正确答案：C8．Accordingtothepassage,institutes______.A．covernootherareasbuttechnicalonesB．havefunctionssimilartocollegesanduniversitiesC．provide75%oftheirprogramsintechnicalareasD．areatalowerlevelofhighereducation正确答案：B9．Thetermsof“college”and“university”inLatin______.A．havesimilarmeaningsB．meanquitedifferentlyC．refertothesamethingD．areconfusinginEnglish正确答案：A10．Themainideaofthispassageisto______.A．introducetheinstitutionsinhighereducationB．evaluatetheinstitutionsinhighereducationC．clarifytheinstitutiontermsinhighereducationD．classifytheinstitutionsinhighereducation正确答案：CIsthat6a.m.workoutgettinginthewayofgoodsleep?Don’tthinkyourfatcellswon’tnotice.AnewstudypublishedinTheAnnalsofInternalMedicine(amedicaljournal)findsthatinadequateshut-eyehasaharmfuleffectonfatcells,reducingtheirabilitytorespondtoinsulin(胰岛素)byabout30percent.Overthelong-term,thisdecreasedresponsecouldsetthestagefortype-2diabetes(amedicalconditioninwhichsomeonehastoomuchsugarinhisorherblood),fattyliverdiseaseandweightgain.Thestudyaddstoagrowingbodyofevidencethatthere’s“anintimaterelationshipbetweentheamountofsleepwegetandourabilitytomaintainagood,healthybodyweight,”sayssleepexpertHeleneEmsellem,directoroftheCenterforSleepandWakeDisordersinChevyChase,Maryland.(76)ButAmericansdon’tseemtobegettingthemessagethatweneedseventoninehourspernight.Morethan1in5ofus,accordingtoareportfromtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,isgettingsixorfewerhoursofsleeppernight,onaverage.SohowdidresearchersstudyfatcellsintheAnnalspaper?MatthewBradyoftheUniversityofChicagoandagroupofcolleaguesselectedandpersuadedsevenvolunteerstotakepartintheresearchproject.Theywereallyoung,thinandhealthyandagreedtosleepforeightnightsinasleeplab.“Forfournightstheywereallowedtostayinbedfor8.5hoursanight,”saysBrady.Then,amonthlater,theycamebackforfouradditionalnights—butthistimetheywereallowedjust4.5hoursofsleeppernight.Andaftereachvisit,researchersgotasampleoftheirfat.(77)Bradyexplainsthatthefatcellsrespondedsignificantlytothelossofsleep.“Iwasverysurprisedtobehonest,“hesays.Badthingscanhappenwhenfatcellsbecomelessresponsivetoinsulin.“Fatcellsareactuallyyourfriend,”hesays.“They’retheretostorelipids(血脂).”whenlipidsstayinsidethecells,yourbodycanutilizethefatwhenyou’reexercisingorsleepingorgoingaboutyourday.“However,whenfatcellsstarttobecomeinsulinresistant,thelipidsstarttoleachoutofthefatcellsandriseinthebloodstream,”Bradysays.11．Accordingtothepassage,lackofsleepforalongwhilecanprobablyleadtoallofthefollowingEXCEPT_____.A．heartdiseaseB．weightgainC．diabetesD．liverdisease正确答案：A解析：细节题。根据第一段最后一句话Overthelong-term，thisdecreasedresponsecouldsetthestagefortype-2diabetes(amedicalconditioninwhichsomeonehastoomuchsugarinhisorherblood)，fattyliverdiseaseandweightgain．可知长期缺乏睡眠会导致体重增加、Ⅱ型糖尿病和脂肪肝而没说会导致心脏病。因此选择A。12．Themainideaofthethirdparagraphis_____.A．howtowriteamedicalresearchpaperB．howtoavoidsleeplossC．howtheresearchwasconductedD．howtoconductamedicalexperiment正确答案：C解析：自然段的主旨大意题。第三段主要介绍整个实验实施的程序与步骤。因此选择C。13．Whatdoestheword“leach”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A．Leap.B．Lead.C．Lean.D．Leak.正确答案：D解析：词汇解释题。根据最后一段thelipids后面一句话的描述，血脂开始从脂肪细胞中渗出并在血流中增加。可知leach和leak同义，意为“泄露、露出”。14．WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Wewillbeintroubleifourfatcellsbecomelessresponsivetoinsulin.B．Moreandmorestudiesaredonetostudythelinkbetweensleepandweight.C．Morethan20%ofAmericansarenotgettingenoughsleep.D．Fatcellsaretheretohelpusmaintainagoodhealth.正确答案：B解析：正误判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句话Badthingscanhappenwhenfatcellsbecomelessresponsivetoinsulin．可以得知当脂肪细胞对胰岛素的反应变得较少时，不好的事情就可能发生。所以A选项正确。从文章第二段最后一句话Morethan1in5ofus…可以得知C选项正确。从文章最后一段第二句“Fatcellsareactuallyyourfriend”…脂肪细胞实际上是你的朋友，可知D选项表述正确。15．Whichofthefollowingisanappropriatetitleforthispassage?A．PoorSleepMayLeadtoTooMuchStoredFatandDiseaseB．SleepExpertsHadExcitingFindingsinaFatStudyC．AmericansShouldHaveMoreThanSixHoursofSleepD．BadThingsHappenifFatCellsBecomeOurFriend正确答案：A解析：主旨题。本文中心思想是睡眠缺乏将导致脂肪细胞对胰岛素的反应能力降低，从而引起健康方面的疾病，包括糖尿病、脂肪肝及身体肥胖。所以正确选项应选择A。Thetopoftheworldisawonderland.Inwinter,thetemperatureoftenfallsto-30°Fandthesunneverrises.Theoceanissurroundedbyfrozenground.Therearefewpeopleortrees,buttopolarbears,theArctic(北极)ishome.(78)Polarbearshavethickfur,bigpawsandotherfeaturesthatmakethemwellpreparedforlifeintheirtoughenvironment.Infact,theyneedtheArcticseaiceforsurvival.Butclimatechangeiscausinglargerandlargerareasofsummerseaicetomelt(融化).Expertssaythatifwarmingpatternscontinue,theArcticcouldbefreeofsummerseaiceby2050.Thatmaycausetwo-thirdsoftheworld’s20,000polarbearstobegonebythentoo.Polarbearscan’tsurviveforlongonland.Sealsaretheirmainsourceoffood.Theonlyplacewherepolarbearscanhuntsealsisontheice.(79)Althoughthesebearsarestrongswimmers,theyarenomatchforlightningswiftsealsinthewater.Apolarbearhasbrilliantlycleverstrategiestoovercomethisdisadvantage.Inwinterthebearwaitsmotionlessbesideaseal’sbreathinghole,whichisanarrowtunnelthroughtheice.Oftenmanyhourspassbeforethesealcomesupforairandthebearkillsitwithapowerfulblowofitspaw.Insummer,thepolarbearsthatliveonlandeatverylittleandwaitfortheseaicetoreturn.Withtheseaiceforminglaterintheyearandmeltingearlier,polarbearsdonothaveenoughopportunitytohuntandeat.Lessseaicemakesitharderforthebearstocatchtheseals.Thebearsmustswimlongerdistancesbetweenicepacks(大片浮冰),andtheycan’talwaysmakeit.Theiceisalsogettingthinner.Theseconditionscancausepolar-bearcubstobecomeseparatedfromtheirmothers,whoprovidethemwithfood.StevenAmstrupisthechiefscientistcfPolarBearsInternational.Thegroupaimstosavethebearsandtheirhome.“Themorepeoplewhoseepolarbearsandunderstandtheirdifficultsituation,thebetterthechancewe’llalterourwarmingpathintimetosavethem,”hesays.16．Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．ClimateChangeintheArcticB．HowtoProtecttheEnvironmentC．TheArcticIsHometoPolarBearsD．PolarBearsinDanger正确答案：D解析：主旨题。全文都是围绕北极熊由于生存环境的恶化而濒临灭绝展开的，因此选择D。17．Wheredopolarbearsusuallyhuntseals?A．Onland.B．Inopenwater.C．Inopeningsintheseaice.D．Atthebottomofthesea.正确答案：C解析：细节题。根据第三段Theonlyplacewherepolarbearscanhuntsealsisontheice．可知选择C。18．Theword“cubs”inthefourthparagraphisclosestinmeaningto_____.A．adultsB．babiesC．huntersD．enemies正确答案：B解析：词汇解释题。根据第四段最后一句话Theseconditionscancausepolar-bearcubstobecomeseparatedfromtheirmothers…说的是被迫与母亲分开，可知是北极熊宝宝。19．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A．Starvingpolarbearsareincreasinglycomingintovillages,wheretheymaybekilledeitherforfoodorsafety.B．Polarbearscanspendtheirentirelivesonlandiftheseaicemeltscompletely.C．Two-thirdsoftheworld’spolarbearsmaydisappearby2050asglobalwarmingcontinues.D．Thegrowingdistancebetweenicepacksisnotaproblemforpolarbears,becausetheyareexcellentswimmers.正确答案：C解析：正误判断题。根据文章第二段最后两句：专家说如果温室效应持续下去，到2050年北极将没有夏季海冰。那也将导致世界上2万只北极熊中的2／3死亡。可知选择C。20．What’sthemissionofPolarBearsInternational?A．Savingenergy.B．Conductingscientificresearch.C．Seekinginternationalcooperation.D．Savingpolarbearsandtheirhome.正确答案：D解析：细节题。根据文章最后一段第二句Thegroupaimstosavethebearsandmeirhome．可知选择C。Imagineaschoolthatexpecteditsstudentstobecomeliterate(有读写能力的)withoutanyformalinstruction.Mostparentswouldbealarmedbysuchanapproach,whichwouldleavetheirchildrenconfusedandwithgapsintheirunderstanding.Thishoweverhasbeenthephilosophyoncharacterdevelopmentinmanyofourschools.Whyisthedevelopmentofcharacterseenassomehowdifferentfromtheotherskillsthatweteach?Ofcoursetherewillalwaysbelearningbyosmosis(耳濡目染)inanyschool,butasateacherandprimaryschoolheadIhavefoundthatachild’smoralliteracyisstrengthenedwhentheyacquirethebuildingblocksofgoodcharactersuchasconsideration,courageandhonor:qualitieswhicharecommonlyknownasvirtue(美德).Ipersonallyfindthatexploringavirtueoveratwo-weekperiodprovidesasimpleandeffectiveprogramthatallowsforthecreativeinputofbothteacherandstudentandachanceforthevirtuetoembed(使融入)itself.Oncealessononavirtuesuchashonestyhasbeencompletedweneedtoallowtimeforchildrentopracticethisconceptjustaswouldbethecasewithfractionsorverbs.Allowingchildrentoroleplayasituationsuchasmakingupexcusestocoveramistakecanbeenormouslyinteresting,andthedramacanbefrozenallowingthecharacterstobequestionedabouttheirfeelingsandmotives.(80)It’salsoasafewayforchildrentoexperienceforthemselveshowalieusuallygoesoutofcontrol.Ourroleaseducatorsisalsotolookforopportunitiestohelpourstudentsastheyattempttostrengthentheircharacters.Whensomethinggoeswrongweguidetheyoungpersontothevirtuethatwillpreventitfromhappeningagain.Forinstance,whenastudentthoughtlesslydisturbsthecalmatmosphereofthelibrary,insteadofaresponsesuchas,“thatwasreallydisrespectfulandselfishofyou!”wedrawoutfromthemt