大学英语语法：从属结构

CollegeEnglishGrammar:SubordinateStructuresThedefinitionandimportanceofsubordinatestructuresTypesofsubordinatestructuresThebasicsentencepatternsofsubordinatestructuresUsageandprecautionsofsubordinatestructuresPracticeandexamplesentencesonsubordinatestructuresThedefinitionandimportanceofsubordinatestructures01Subordinatestructuresareclausesthatfunctionasapartofasentencebutarenotthemainclause.Theyprovideadditionalinformationormodifythemainclause.Subordinatestructurescanbeclassifiedintodifferenttypes,suchasnounclauses,adjectiveclauses,andadverbclauses,dependingontheirfunctioninthesentence.definitionSubordinatestructuresineffectivecommunication:Subordinatestructuresalsoplayacrucialroleineffectivecommunicationastheyhelpconveyrelationshipsbetweenideasandprovidecontextforunderstandingthemeaningofsentences.ImportanceofsubordinatestructuresinEnglishgrammar:SubordinatestructuresareessentialinEnglishgrammarastheyaddcomplexityandvarietytosentences,allowingformorepreciseanddetailedcommunicationofideas.Subordinatestructuresinacademicwriting:Inacademicwriting,subordinatestructuresareparticularlyimportantastheyenablewriterstodevelopargumentsandprovideevidenceandexamplestosupporttheirclaims.importanceTypesofsubordinatestructures02SummaryAnominalclausefunctionsasanounphrase,usuallyreplacinganouninasentence.DescriptionAnominalclausebeginswithasubjectandendswithaverb,formingacompletethoughtthatcanserveasthesubject,object,orcomplementofasentence.Itisoftenintroducedbyarelativepronoun(e.g.,who,which,that)oraconjunction(e.g.,because,since).nominalclauseSummaryAnattributiveclauseprovidesadditionalinformationaboutanounorpronoun.要点一要点二DescriptionAnattributiveclausemodifiesanounorpronounbyprovidingadditionaldetailsorcharacteristics.Itisintroducedbyarelativepronoun(who,which,that)andendswithacommaorcommafollowedbyaconjunction(and,but).AttributiveclauseSummaryAnadverbialclausemodifiesaverb,adjective,oradverbinasentence.DescriptionAnadverbialclauseprovidesadditionalinformationaboutthetime,place,manner,orconditionofanaction,attribute,orevent.Itisintroducedbyaconjunction(e.g.,when,where,how,if)orarelativepronoun(who,which,that).AdverbialclauseThebasicsentencepatternsofsubordinatestructures03SubjectclausesentencestructureAsubjectclauseisadependentclausethatfunctionsasthesubjectofthemainclause.Ittypicallycomesbeforethemainverbandexpressesacondition,anexception,oradescriptionthatisessentialtothemeaningofthesentence.SubjectclauseWhenthebellrings,thestudentsstandup.(Whenthebellringsisthesubjectclause.)ExampleVSAnobjectclauseisadependentclausethatfunctionsastheobjectofthemainclause.Itcanbeeitherdirectorindirectandisusuallysetoffbycommasorotherpunctuation.ExampleTheteacherannouncedthatthestudentswouldbetested.(Thatthestudentswouldbetestedistheobjectclause.)ObjectclauseObjectclausesentencestructurePredicateclauseApredicateclauseisadependentclausethatfunctionsasthepredicateofthemainclause.Ittypicallyfollowsthemainverbandprovidesadditionalinformationaboutthesubjectorobject.ExampleShesaidthatshewashappywithherperformance.(Thatshewashappywithherperformanceisthepredicateclause.)SentencepatternsofpredicateclausesAnappositiveclauseisadependentclausethatfunctionsasanappositive,oradditionaldescriptor,toanounorpronouninthemainclause.Itprovidesmoreinformationaboutthepersonorthingbeingmentioned.Myfriend,wholivesinNewYork,iscomingtovisitnextweek.(WholivesinNewYorkistheappositiveclause.)AppositiveclauseExampleSentencepatternsofappositiveclausesUsageandprecautionsofsubordinatestructures04usageRelativeClauses：Relativeclausesareusedtoprovideadditionalinformationaboutanounorpronouninasentence.Theyareintroducedbyrelativepronounssuchas"who,""which,""that,"etc.AdverbialClauses：Adverbialclausesareusedtomodifyorclarifythemeaningofthemainclause.Theycanfunctionasadverbsandmodifytheentireclauseorsentence.NounClauses：Nounclausesareusedasthesubject,object,orcomplementofasentence.Theyareintroducedbynounclausessuchas"what,""whatever,""whoever,"etc.PurposeClauses：Purposeclausesareusedtoexpressthepurposeofanactionorevent.Theyareintroducedbytheconjunction"sothat"or"inorderthat"andareusuallyplacedatthebeginningofasentence.mattersneedingattentionCoherenceandLogic：Whenusingsubordinatestructures,itisimportanttomaintaincoherenceandlogicalflowwithinthesentence.Subordinateclausesshouldberelatedtothemainclauseinameaningfulandcoherentway.Parallelism：Parallelismistheuseofsimilargrammaticalstructurestoexpresssimilarideas.Whenusingsubordinatestructures,itisimportanttomaintainparallelismbetweenthemainclauseandthesubordinateclause.Redundancy：Redundancyoccurswhenthesameideaisexpressedtwiceindifferentways.Itisimportanttoavoidredundancywhenusingsubordinatestructuresbyensuringthateachclausecontainsuniqueinformation.SentenceLengthandComplexity：Longandcomplexsentencescanbedifficultforreaderstounderstand.Itisimportanttousesubordinatestructureseffectivelytocreateclearandconcisesentencesthatareeasytofollow.Practiceandexamplesentencesonsubordinatestructures05Topracticenounclauses,studentscanidentifythesubjectandpredicateinagivensentence,understandthefunctionofthenounclause,andidentifythetypeofnounclause(declarative,interrogative,orimperative).NounclausepracticeHerearesomeexamplesentencesthatillustratenounclauses:"Shesaidthatshewouldarriveat5pm.""Thedoctorrecommendedthatheeatabalanceddiet.""Irememberwhenwefirstmet."ExamplesentencesPracticeofnounclausesandexamplesentencesRelativeclausepracticeStudentscanpracticeidentifyingtherelativepronounandantecedentinagivensentence,understandingthefunctionoftherelativeclause,andidentifyingthetypeofrelativeclause(restrictiveornon-restrictive).ExamplesentencesHerearesomeexamplesente