初三英语语法知识总复习

GeneralReviewofEnglishGrammarKnowledgeinJuniorHighSchool2023-11-25PresentTenseTypesandUsageofNounsVerbTypesandUsageTypesandUsageofAdjectivesTypesofpositionsandthey目录SelectionandpreparationsforThePrincipleofSubjectVerbAgreement目录01PresentTenseRegularVerbs:MostVerbsinthepresenttenseadd"-s"or"-es"tothebaseformforthirdpersonsingularsubjects(e.g."hewalks","sheeats")IrregularVerbs:SomeVerbshavespecialformsinthepresenttense(e.g."go"benefits"goes","have"benefits"has")PastTenseDefinition:ThepresenttenseisusedtodescribeactionsthatarecurrentlyhappeningoralwaystrueRegularVerbs:MostVerbsinthepasttenseadd"-ed"tothebaseform(e.g."walk"benefits"walked","eat"benefits"ate")IrregularVerbs:SomeVerbshavespecialformsinthepasttense(e.g."go"benefits"wet","have"benefits"had")FutureTenseDefinition:ThepasttenseisusedtodescribeactionsthathavealreadyhappenedAUXILIaryVERBS:Thefuturetenseisoftenformedusingauxiliaryverbslike"will"or"shall"(e.g."Iwillwalk","Theyshalldrive")PRESENTSIMPLEFORFUTURE:Sometimes,thepresentsimpletenseisusedtoexpressfuturetime,specificallywithtimeclauseslike"when","after","before"(e.g."Ileavetomorrow","Shestartsworknextweek")NounsandArticlesDefinition:Thefuturetenseisusedtodescribeactionsthatwillhappeninthefuture02TypesandUsageofNouns"PropertyNouns:Aspecificnameforaperson,place,orthing,suchas"John,""Paris,"or"Hamlet.""AbstractNouns:Nounsthatrefertoconcepts,ideas,oremotions,suchas"love,""happiness,"or"angel."CountableanduncountablenounConcreteNouns:Nounsthatrefertophysicalobjectsthatcanbeperceivedthroughthesenses,suchas"car,""apple,"or"chair."CommonNouns:Ageneralnameforaperson,place,orthing,suchas"dog,""city,"or"book."UncountableNouns:Nounsthatcannotbecountedanddonothaveapluralform,suchas"water,""sugar,"or"advice."ArticleusageandprecautionsCountableNouns:Nounsthatcanbecountedandhaveapluralform,suchas"dog"and"dogs."IndexArticle"A/An":Usedtorefertogeneralorunknownnouns,suchas"adog"or"anapple."ArticleOmissions:ArticlesareoftencommittedininformationEnglishorincertainfixedphrases,suchas"gotoschool"or"athome."ArticleFusion:Learnersshouldpayattentiontothedifferencesinusagebetween"a"and"an"andavoidfusionbetween"the"andotherqualifierssuchas"this,""that,""they,"and"that."VerbsandTenseDefineArticle"The":Usedtorefertospecificorknownnouns,suchas"thecar"or"theEiffelTower."03VerbTypesandUsageLinkingVerbs:Verbsthatconnectthesubjectandpredicate,suchasbe,come,see,etc.HelpingVerbs:Verbsthatassistthemainverbinexpressingtense,voice,ormood,suchascan,must,have,etc.Presenttense,pasttense,futuretenseActionVerbs:Verbsthatrepresentactionsoractions,suchasrun,jump,eat,etc.PastTense:Thepasttense,includingthesimplepasttense,pastcontinuoustense,andpastperfecttense,isusedtodescribeanactionorstatethatoccurredatacertaintimeinthepast.Complete,Progressive,andPerfectTensesFutureTense:Thefuturetense,includingthesimplefuturetense,futurecontinuoustense,andfutureperfecttense,isusedtodescribeanactionorstatethatwilloccuratacertaintimeinthefuture.PresentTense:Presenttense,includingsimplepresenttense,presentcontinuoustense,andpresentperfecttense,usedtodescribeactionsorstatesthatoccurnoworfrequently.ProgressiveTense:Continuoustense,includingpresentcontinuoustense,pastcontinuoustense,andfuturecontinuoustense,usedtodescribeanactionorstatethatistakingplaceatacertaintime.PerfectProgressiveTense:Theperfectcontinuoustenseincludesthepresentperfectcontinuous,pastperfectcontinuous,andfutureperfectcontinuous,usedtodescribeactionsorstatesthathavebeentakenandcompletedbeforeacertaintime.AdjectivesandAdvantsCompleteTense:Theperfecttense,includingpresentperfecttense,pastperfecttense,andfutureperfecttense,isusedtodescribeanactionorstatethathasbeencompletedbeforeacertaintime.04TypesandUsageofAdjectivesQuantitativeAdjectives:describesthequantityororderofnouns,suchas"firstprice".PositiveAdjectives:Indicatestheaffiliation,suchas"mybook".DemonstrativeAdjectives:Indicatesaspecificobjectofanoun,suchas"thiscar".InterrogtiveandIndefiniteAdjectives:Usedforquestioningoruncertainsituations,suchas"whichdress"or"anybook".TypesandUsageofAdvantageousDescriptiveAdjectives:Describethestateorcharacteristicsofanoun,suchas"beautifulflower".ComparativeandSuperlativeFormsInterrogtiveAdvanters:Usedforaskingquestions,suchas"wheredidyougo?".PlaceAdvanters:describesthelocationwhereaverboccurs,suchas"here"or"there".TimeAdvanters:describesthetimewhenaverboccurs,suchas"yesterday".FrequencyAdvanters:Describethefrequencyofverbs,suchas"healwaysdriveslate".MannerAdvants:describesthewayordegreeofverbs,suchas"hespokesoft".SuperlativeForms:Thesuperlativeformofadjectivesandadverbs,usedtocomparethreeormoreobjects,indicatingthatoneofthemisthemostprominent,suchas"Tallest"or"mostquickly".Positions,connections,anComparativeForms:Thecomparativeformofadjectivesandadverbsusedtocomparetwoobjects,suchas"teller"or"morequickly".05TypesofpositionsandtheyPositionsofplace:suchasin,on,above,etc.,usedtodescribethepositionordirectionofanobject.TypesandfunctionsofconjunctionPositionsoftime:suchasat,since,until,etc.,usedtodescribeapointorperiodoftime.Simplepositions:includingcommononessuchasin,on,at,under,etc.,representingspatialortemporalrelationships.Subordinatingconnections,suchasafter,hour,as,because,etc.,areusedtoguidesubordinateclausesandformasubordinaterelationshipwiththemainclause,expressinglogicalrelationshipssuchastime,condition,andreason.AnalysisofsimplesensesCoordinatingconnections:includingand,but,or,nor,for,yet,so,usedtoconnecttwoormoreparallelwords,phrases,orsentences,expressingtheirrelationships.Nounphrasesandverbphrases:Theroleandcompositionofnounphrasesandverbphrasesinsimplesentences,includingfinitewords,modifiers,andothercomponents.Modifiersandadverbs:adjectives,adverbs,theirfunctionsandpositionsinsimplesentences,howtomodifynouns,verbs,orothercomponents.ObjectiveclausesandadverbiaSubjectverbstructure:Thebasicstructureofasimplesentence,includingthesubjectandpredicate,expressingacompleteideaorinformation.06SelectionandpreparationsforPayattentiontothewordorderofclauses:Thewordorderofadjectiveclausesshouldbe"relatedword+subject+predicate",consistentwiththewordorderofthemainsentence.TypesandfunctionsofadheriAvoidredundancyandrepetition:Whenusingadjectiveclauses,avoidrepeatingthecontentofthemainsentenceandtrytomakethesentenceconciseandclear.Chooseappropriateconjunctions:Whenforminganadjectiveclause,chooseappropriateconjunctionsbasedonthelogicalrelationshipbetweentheclauseandthemainclause,suchaswho,that,which,etc.Locationadverbs:indicatethelocationwhereanactionoccurs,suchashere,there,everywhere,etc.Thefunctionofadverbs:Adverbsmainlymodifyverbs,adjectives,otheradverbs,ortheentiresentence,andcanenrichtheexpressionandmeaningofthesentence.ComprehensiveapplicationofaAdverbsofmanner:indicatethemannerordegreeofaction,suchasquickly,slowly,carefully,etc.Timeadverbs:indicatethetimewhenanactionoccurs,suchasalways,often,never,etc.VSEllipsisandsubstitutionofadjectiveclauses:Inspokenorinformalwriting,omissionorsubstitutioncanbeusedtosimplifythestructureofadjectiveclauses,makingsentencesmoreconciseandclear.Subjectverbagreement,subjunThecombinatio