命题点2 动词的时态

第三部分

语法专题精讲练专题一

动词命题点2

动词的时态初中常考的6种时态如下：时态基本结构及标志词常见用法及例句一般现在时结构（1）主语+am/is/are（+表语）（2）主语+动词原形/动词单三形式（+宾语）（1）表示现阶段经常性、习惯性的动作，常与频度副词连用。（2）表示客观真理、客观存在或自然现象。如：The

earth

moves

around

the

sun.（注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是一般过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。）时态基本结构及标志词常见用法及例句一般现在时标志词（1）频度副词：always，

usually，

often，sometimes，

seldom，

never，

hardly（2）频率词组：once

a

year，

twice

a

month，

three

times

a

day等（3）表示现在的情况或状态。（4）主将从现：若一个复合句含有由when,

after,

before,

until,

as

soon

as等引导的时间状语从句或由if,

unless,

as

long

as,

once等引导的条件状语从句,

主句若用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来。如：I

will

tell

Kate

the

good

news

as

soon

as

she

comes

back.续表时态基本结构及标志词常见用法及例句一般现在时标志词（3）其他词组：in

the

morning，

on

Sundays，

at

weekends，

every

day/year…（every系列）（5）表示按计划或安排好的将要发生的动作，用一般现在时表将来，但仅限于start，

begin，

leave，

go，

come，

arrive等动词。如：The

train

leaves

at

six

tomorrow

morning.续表时态基本结构及标志词常见用法及例句一般过去时结构（1）主语+was/were（+表语）（2）主语+动词过去式（+宾语）（1）表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。如：We

went

to

the

City

Library

last

week.续表时态基本结构及标志词常见用法及例句一般过去时标志词（1）ago及ago词组（2）yesterday及yesterday词组（3）last及last词组（4）just

now，

in

the

past，

in

1920等（2）表示过去常常或反复发生的动作，常与频度副词连用。如：When

I

was

a

child，

I

often

played

basketball

on

the

playground.续表时态基本结构及标志词常见用法及例句一般过去时标志词（5）at

the

age

of…，

used

to…（6）one

day，

long

long

ago，

once

upon

a

time（3）在since引导的时间状语从句中，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。续表时态基本结构及标志词常见用法及例句一般将来时结构（1）主语+will/shall+动词原形（+表语/宾语）（2）主语+am/is/are

going

to+动词原形（+表语/宾语）（1）表示将来某个时间会发生的动作或存在的状态。如：They

are

leaving

for

Shanghai

next

week.（2）表示某种必然的趋势。如：Fish

will

die

without

water.续表时态基本结构及标志词常见用法及例句一般将来时标志词（1）tomorrow，

soon（2）next

week/month（next系列）（3）be

going

to+动词原形，表示计划、打算做某事，表示已决定的，很可能发生的事，或有某种迹象表明要发生的事情。如：What

are

you

going

to

do

next

Sunday？（计划）Look

at

the

dark

clouds.

There

is

going

to

be

a

storm.

（客观现象）续表时态基本结构及标志词常见用法及例句一般将来时标志词（3）in

a

week，

in

2024，

in+一段时间（4）one

day，

in

the

（near）

future（4）“be

about

to+动词原形”和“be

to+动词原形”结构也可表示即将发生的动作。如：The

train

is

about

to

leave.（5）主将从现。（具体讲解见本表格一般现在时）续表时态基本结构及标志词常见用法及例句现在进行时结构主语+am/is/are+动词现在分词（+宾语）（1）表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。如：—What

are

you

doing？—I

am

reading

English.续表时态基本结构及标志词常见用法及例句现在进行时标志词（1）now,

right

now（2）at

present,

at

this

time,

at

the/this

moment（3）these

days,

these

months,

theseyears（4）when,

while（5）Look!,

Listen!（2）表示现阶段一直在进行的动作，此刻不一定在进行，常用时间状语有：this/these+表示一段时间的名词。如：They

are

studying

hard

this

term.（3）be

doing表示将来，常用于这种结构的动词有go，

come，

leave，

stay，

start，

begin，

表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。如：She

is

going

there

tomorrow.续表时态基本结构及标志词常见用法及例句过去

进行时结构主语+was/were+动词现在分词（+宾语）（1）表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。如：—What

were

you

doing

at

nine

last

night？—I

was

watching

TV

at

that

time.（2）表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作。如：What

were

you

doing

from

seven

to

nine

yesterday?续表时态基本结构及标志词常见用法及例句过去

进行时标志词（1）then（2）at

that

time，

at

ten

yesterday,

at

this

time

yesterday（3）when/while引导的表示过去时间的状语从句（3）在复合句中，从句中过去的动作发生时，主句中另一个过去的动作正在进行。如：The

students

were

reading

when

the

teacher

came

into

the

classroom.（4）在复合句中，主句和从句中两个过去的动作同时进行。如：I

was

cooking

while

my

son

was

drawing

a

picture.续表时态基本结构及标志词常见用法及例句现在完成时结构主语+has/have+动词过去分词（+表语/宾语）（1）表示过去发生的动作或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响。如：—Have

you

had

your

lunch

yet？—Yes.

I’ve

just

had

it.续表时态基本结构及标志词常见用法及例句现在完成时标志词（1）already，ever，

never，just，

yet，

still（2）recently，lately，

so

far，

up

till

now（3）in

the

past/last

three

years/…（2）表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态，也许还要持续下去，常和for，

since连用，动词应用延续性动词。如：We

have

lived

here

since

2000.续表时态基本结构及标志词常见用法及例句现在完成时标志词（4）since

1998,

since+一段时间+ago（如:since

five

months

ago）（5）for+一段时间（如：for

three

years）（3）特殊用法：①have

gone

to已去某地（未回）have

been

to曾去过某地（已回）have

been

in待在某地②It

is/has

been+时间段+since+一般过去时的句子③It/This

is

the+序数词+time+that从句

这是……第几次……续表

在现在完成时中，和表示一段时间的时间状语连用时，谓语动词必须是延续性的。如果谓语动词是非延续性的，则要转换为延续性动词。常见转换如下表：非延续性动词（词组）延续性动词（词组）非延续性动词（词组）延续性动词（词组）begin/startbe

onlosenot

haveborrow/lendkeepmarrybe

marriedbuyhaveopenbe

open非延续性动词（词组）延续性动词（词组）非延续性动词（词组）延续性动词（词组）comebe

hereput

onwear/be

inclosebe

closedarrive

in/arrive

at/reach/get

tobe

indiebe

deadcatch

a

coldhave

a

coldfinishbe

overcome

backbe

backjoinbe

in/be

a

member

offall/become

asleep/illbe

asleep/illleavebe

away

fromwake

upbe

awake续表如：I’ve

left

this

school

for

eight

years.

（×）

I’ve

been

away

from

this

school

for

eight

years.

（√）随堂练一、用方框中所给单词的适当形式完成句子arrive

work

marry

repairlead

prepare

read

take1.Bill

likes

reading.

He

______

picture

books

with

his

mom

every

evening.reads2.The

High

School

Entrance

Examination

is

coming.

All

students

are

__________

for

it

actively

to

get

good

results.preparing3.My

grandpa

_________

my

grandma

nearly

half

a

century

ago.

They

always

have

a

happy

life.married4.My

best

friend

and

I

were

_______

an

interesting

course

at

this

time

yesterday.taking5.Bruce

will

_______

at

the

station

at

ten

o’clock

tomorrow

morning,

and

I’ll

pick

him

up.arrive6.My

father

has

________

in

a

panda

protection

center

for

ten

years,

so

he

knows

a

lot

about

pandas.worked7.Look!

A

dog

is

________

a

blind

man

across

the

road.leading8.My

computer

is

working

again!

Our

IT

teacher

has

_________

it.

It

took

him

about

an

hour.repaired二、用方框中所给单词的适当形式完成语篇help

live

draw

go

say

tryask

worry

teach

remember

Charles

Rose

is

an

eleven-year-old

boy.

He

has

1.______

in

the

countryside

with

his

parents

for

years.

His

father

Mr.

Rose

2.________

him

to

read

and

write.

He

also

3._____

him

to

be

a

helpful

person.

His

neighbors

are

a

poor

couple.

They

are

4._________________

about

sending

their

son

to

school.livedteachesasksworrying/worried

Charles

5.______

to

his

neighbors’

house

to

look

for

his

missing

dog

once.

He

found