2024届高考英语二轮复习猜词题

猜词题知识点1:词义猜测类题目常见的设问方式Theword"..."refersto/probablymeans...Theunderlinedword“..."couldbestbereplacedby...Whatdoyouthinktheexpression"..."standfor?Bysaying"..."wemean..."..."asusedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas...Whichisthefollowingwordcantaketheplaceoftheword"...”?知识点2:猜测词义的方法1.通过上下文猜测词义。2.通过构词法猜测词义。(1）转化:指词的形式不变而词性发生变化的一种构词法。

例如:nursen.护士v.护理

freeadj.空闲的

v.释放(2）合成:指由两个或两个以上的具有独立含义的单词组合成一个新的单词。主要有合成动词、合成形容词、合成名词等等。(3）派生:指由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成一个新的单词。拓展：常见前后缀利用同义词、构词法等表达下列词组的意思。（每空只填一词）

1.twoweeks=____________ 2.apersonwithaphysicaldisability=a______person3.gothrough(greatchanges)=____________ 4.doalotforsth=__________tosth 5.varietiesof/differentkindsof/avarietyof=_______6.takepartin=_____________in 7.makeadiscovery=_________ 8.makeanagreementtodosth=_________todo9.makecontributionsto=______________to 10.alltheyearround=__________theyear 11.standfor=_____________ 12.makeanapologytosb=___________tosb 13.bewillingtodosth=dosth___________________ 14.causedamageto=________________ 15.givepermissionto=______________ 16.givebirthto=__________________ 17.tenyears=_____________ 18.haveaneffect/influence/impacton/upon=________/__________/__________ 19.cometoone’said/help/assistance=_______/__________/_______ 20.thatis(tosay)/inotherwords=__________ 21.makeananalysisof=____________________ 22.inbrief=_____________ 23.bemadeupof/becomposedof=___________of 24.become/behookedonheadphones=be_________toheadphones 答案：1.fortnight

2.disabled3.experience

4.contribute5.various6.participate7.discover8.agree9.contribute10.throughout

11.represent12.apologize13.willingly14.damage15.permit16.bear17.decade18.affect/influence/impact19.aid/help/assist20.namely21.analyze22.briefly23.consist24.addicted利用上下文猜测词义例题：Ifhethinkshecaninvitemeout,heisallwet.Idon’tliketobewithhim.A.drunk B.sweating C.happy D.mistaken答案：我不愿意跟他在一起，如果他邀请我出去，他就大错特错了。因此答案为D。例题：Charlotte’stalewasinspiredbythegirls’coincollection.“We’vecollectedforeigncoinsforyears—sinceourfamilieswentonholidaytoTenerife,”sheexplains.“ThatwasbeforetheEuro,soweputpesetasin.”Theunderlinedword“pesetas”inParagraph2isakindof_______.A.storyB.collectionC.inspirationD.foreigncoin答案：由原文中的Euro（欧元，欧洲统一货币）可推知该词是一种在欧元发行前使用的钱币。本题正确答案为D。利用上下文猜测词义例3：Thesnakeslitheredthroughthegrass.答案：根据有关蛇的生活习性的知识，我们可以推断出slither的词义为“爬行”。例4：…ButsometimesIjustfeelloathtotalktothesepeople.Sometimes,Ijustwanttobealone,quietly,withoutbeingforcedtolistentotheirgossiporotheruselesswords.Theunderlinedword“loath”inthisparagraphhastheclosestmeaningto______.A.unwillingB.eagerC.pleasedD.hurt答案：A。根据后面的语境“我宁愿安静地独处，不愿意去听这些闲言碎语”，可见作者“不愿意”与这些人说话。故loath是“不愿意”之意。利用构词法猜测词义例1：Sharksareamongthefewanimalsintheworldthatalmostnevergetcancerandeyecataracts.Understandingwhycanhelpusimprovehumanhealth.Chemicalsextractedfromsharkcartilagehavekilledcanceroustumorsinlaboratoryanimals,aresearchthatsomedaycouldhelpprolongyourlife.Theunderlinedword“prolong”intheparagraphmeans______.A.saveB.protectC.lengthenD.improve答案：C。可根据构词法来判断词义。prolong是个派生词，前缀pro­是“支持，亲”之意，long是“长”之意，故可判断prolong是“延长(寿命)”的意思。例2：Exhibitionofficialssaidthatapersonbittenbyoneofthesesnakeswouldneedatleast80mlofananti-poisonmedicinetobesaved.答案：anti-poison是由poison加前缀anti-构成的，anti-意思是“反对、排斥、抵抗”，由此可猜出anti-poison是“解毒、抗毒”的意思。例3：AlthoughsimplifiedChinesecharacterswereacceptedforusemanyyearsago,itseemsthatmoreandmorepeoplelikeChinesecharactersinthecomplexform.答案：simplified跟simple是同根词，带有-ed显然是过去分词形式的形容词。许多年以前我们采用了什么跟“简单”有关的汉字呢？不难想到是“简化的”汉字。利用熟词生义例1：NewYork,10November,5:27p.m.,yesterday.Biggestpowerfailureinthecity’shistory.A.enoughB.notpassingC.lackofD.lack答案：failure是fail变来的名词，有“失败；失败者；失败的事”的意思。本句powerfailure可翻译为“停电”。再如：cropfailure“庄稼欠收”；heartfailure“心力衰竭”。本题正确答案为D。例2：AbiketourandracewillbeheldinAugust26and27.At5:30a.m.,theriderswillleaveTian’anMensquareandridethefirst35kilometersasatrainingleg.Thenthenext55kilometersfromYanjiaotoJixian,willbethefirstcompetitivepartofthetour.A.raceB.practiceC.partofthetrainingD.partofthetour答案：本题正确答案为D。从first35kilometers可看出，自行车赛车手从天安门出发，开始的三十五公里作为赛程的一部分，从后句…leg…willbe…partofthetour也可确定答案为D。知识点2:猜测词义的方法3.依靠文章显隐性逻辑关系1）转折：however,but,unfortunately,yet,though,although,as,while,unlike,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,foronething,foranother,insteadof,ratherthan,otherwise2）递进：than,——3）并列：and4）因果：so,as,asaresult,sothat,therefore,because,since,for,dueto,thus4.利用同义线索和同等关系:同义词替换可以为推测词义提供明显的语境线索。一些常见的引出同义词的标志性词语有similarly,like,justas,also,aswell等。利用对比或转折关系例1：AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknow.Hisbrother,incontrast,isquitehumbleandmodest.答案：该例中supercilious可能是个生词，但是句中短语incontrast(相对照的，相对比的)提示我们supercilious和后面词组humbleandmodest（谦卑又谦虚）是对比关系。分析出这种关系后，我们便能猜出supercilious意为“目空一切的，傲慢的”。例2：“UnlikevitaminC,leadershipskillscan’tbeeasilyswalloweddown.Theymustbecarefullycultivated.”Theunderlinedword“cultivated”roughlymeans________.A.encouragedB.comparedC.examinedD.developed答案：从上句的对比可知，领导能力不是swalloweddown，而是慢慢培养的。答案为D。例3：Thousandsofpeoplegotstuckinlifts.Butnoonepanicked,Wepassedthetimetellingstories.答案：被困在电梯中，应该是“慌张”，“不安”。But引出转折，“我们讲故事消磨时间”，因此panicked应为“慌张、惊恐”之意。例4：UnliketheUniteStateswheremanydifferentnationalitiesmakeupthepopulation,Japan’spopulationisquitehomogeneous.答案：文中unlike表明日本和美国在人口组成方面不同，由此可见，homogeneous与manydifferentnationalities意义相反，即ofthesamenationality,“单一民族的”。利用因果关系例1：Tomisconsideredanautocraticadministratorbecausehemakesdecisionswithoutseekingtheopinionsofothers.答案：根据原因状语从句的内容，我们可以推断出生词autocratic指“独断专行的”。例2：Thebiggestpowerfailurehappenedyesterday.Allofouricecreamandfrozenfoodsmelted.答案：melted“融化”。既然停电，必然造成冰激凌和冷冻食品的“融化”。例3：Herandownstairsthroughthesmoke-filledhousetopushandpullatKarenandTodduntiltheysatup.Thenhehelpedeachotheroutofthehousetothesafetyofthegarden.There,hissisterandbrother,takingshortandquickbreathsandcoughing,collapsedonthelawn.答案：collapsed“瘫倒”。经过一番艰难脱险之后，他们呼吸急促，咳嗽不断，最终“瘫倒”在草坪上。知识点2:猜测词义的方法5.利用语法关系1）下定义：be,mean,dealwith,beconsidered,tobe,referto,becalled,beknownas,define,represent,bedefinedas,

后面内容往往是对前面单词或短语的解释性说明2）同位语：构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破

折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等。同位语前还常有or,similarly,

thatistosay,inotherwords,namely,orother,say,i.e.等副词或短语

出现。（具有解释说明的作用）3）定语从句：对前面的名词进行修饰和限定4）举例说明：like,suchas,forexample......方法总结1.第一步定位原文2.第二步根据上下文逻辑关系猜测词义3.第三步，根据词缀法确认词性和词义4.第四步，将词义代入文章中检验。答