(课标版)云南省2018年中考英语总复习第一部分基础知识梳理课时16九上4试题

第一部分基础知识梳理课时16九4Ⅰ.单项填空1.(2017苏州)Noraopenedthebox.Tohersurprise，________itwasagoldwatch.A.outside B.inside C.beside D.behind2.(2017福建改编)—Don't________thewastepaper.Wecancollectandrecycleit.—You'reright.Everyoneshouldbeagreenerperson.A.blowaway B.putawayC.throwaway D.takeaway3.(2017云南九年级第四次大联考)Heisanhonestboy.Ihavenoreasonto________whathesaid.A.hear B.doubt C.repeat D.receive4.—Whatdidyoudoduringyour________inHongKong?—Iwentshopping,tookphotosandvisitedfriends.A.daytimeB.practice C.journey D.lesson5.Asforme,laughingatotherswhentheyareintroubleisreallya________action.SoIwillneverdothat.A.polite B.silly C.kind D.popular6.—Itwasverydifficultto________myjoywithwordswhenIknewIwasadmittedintoaUSuniversity.—Whatgreatnews!Youaresoexcellent.A.describe B.expect C.become D.build7.Atruefriendwillnever________fromyouwhenyou'reintrouble.A.takeaway B.runawayC.putaway D.giveaway8.—HowdidMarkgetoutofthemountain?—Byfollowingthe________hehadleft.A.instructions B.situationsC.marks D.sights9.—Ican'tthinkofAudreyHepburnismorebeautifulthananyotheractress.—You'vegotthepoint.Herbeautyis________words.A.over B.above C.beyond D.without10.—Theradiosaidtherewouldbearainstormthisweekend,sowehaveto________thehikingtoMountSong.—Whatapity!Iamlookingforwardtoit.A.cancel B.continueC.complete D.celebrate11.Mydadwarnsme________hiscomputerbecausehehassomethingimportanttodoonit.A.don'tuse B.notuseC.nottouse D.notusing12.—DoyouknowCaoChong?—Ofcourse.Heisknownforcomingupwiththesimplestwayto________theelephantwhenhewasachild.A.feed B.catch C.weigh D.touch13.SteveJobswasfullof________—alwayscomingupwithnewideaswhichledtogreatchangesinsociety.A.instruction B.invitationC.introduction D.invention14.Hehas________severalforeignlanguages,sohedoesn'tneedtoworryaboutcommunicatingwithforeignerswhenhegoesabroadonbusiness.A.prepared B.chosenC.mastered D.developedⅡ.完形填空Theinventionofworldwideweb(互联网)changedthewayswecommunicateandlearn,evenshop.Itwas__1__bySirTimBerners－LeefromtheUnitedKingdom.Atthattime,theInternetwasmainlyusedbya__2__numberofscientistsandcomputerexperts.ItwasimpossibleforcommonpeopletoshareinformationontheInternet.Berners－Leewantedtochangeit.Hedevelopeda(n)__3__waytocreatewebpages.Healsosetupwaystorecognizeandlinkthosepagestogether.His__4__wastomakeitpossibleforanyonetopost(发布)informationandshareitanywhere.Theinformationagehadcome!Inthe1990s,thewebdevelopedintoaninternationalneighborhoodwheretheInternetuserscould__5__shareinformationinmanyforms—photos,__6__，videosandsoon.__7__e－mailsappeared,peoplestayedintouchbyphonesorbywritingletters.Peoplehavemoreavailablewaysto__8__witheachother.Moreandmorepeoplechoosetosetuptheirownblogstotellothersmoreabout__9__.Nowthewebisaplacewherepeoplecanshareinformation.Studentscanalsogoonlineto__10__informationthattheycan'tlearnfromthetextbooks.1.A.made B.took C.invented D.brought2.A.great B.small C.large D.short3.A.clear B.difficult C.old D.new4.A.reason B.goal C.advice D.rule5.A.hardly B.usually C.easily D.exactly6.A.sounds B.noiseC.pronunciation D.books7.A.Before B.After C.While D.When8.A.learn B.communicateC.help D.see9.A.myself B.yourselfC.themselves D.himself10.A.lookafter B.lookupC.looklike D.lookbackⅢ.阅读理解A(2017昆明五华区二模)We'veseen3Dfilms,3DTVsandsoon.Theyaresointerestingthatyoungpeopleliketowatchthemverymuch.Haveyoueverreadabout3Dnewspapers?ThatwaswhattheBelgian(比利时)newspaper,LaDerniereHeure,triedtodoforitsreaders.ThiswasEurope'sfirst3Dnewspaper.Ittooktheteamtwomonthstomakethe3Dnewspaper.Theteamprinted115，000copiesofthespecialeditionofLaDerniereHeure.Itwasmorethantheusualnumberoftheprintedcopies.Eachofthesenewspaperscamewithapairoffree3Dglasses.Allthephotosandadsinthenewspaperwerein3Dbutthetextwasthesameasusual.Readerscouldgetthebestresultbyholdingthepaper50cmawayfromtheeyes.Infact,ifpeopledon'twearthe3Dglasses,thenewspaperwillbeterribletoreadbecausetheimagesarenotclear.Manyreaderstriedtobuythiskindofnewspaper.Infact,someofthemboughtitjustforfun.Thepublishershadnoplanstocontinueitbecauseitcoststoomuch.1.Thenameofthefirst3DpaperisLaDerniereHeureinFrance.2.Theteamprinted115，000copiesofthenewspaper,morethantheusualcopies.3.Youcanseethephotosinthisnewspaperclearlywithout3Dglasses.4.Afewreaderstriedtobuythiskindofnewspaperbecauseitwasexpensive.5.Thewriterissurethat3Dnewspaperswon'ttakeplaceofthecommonnewspapers.B(2017永州改编)OnDec.28,asmallsatellite(卫星)waslaunched(发射)intospacefromTaiyuan,Shanxi.ItwasbignewsforstudentsatBeijingWiththehelpofspacescientists,morethan30studentsbuiltthissatellite(12cmlong,11cmwideand27cmtall).ThisisthefirstsatellitedesignedandbuiltbymiddleschoolstudentsinChina.ThisAugust,theschoolworkedwiththeChinaCenterforAerospaceScienceandTechnologyInternationalCommunications(CCASTIC中国航天科技国际交流中心)andstartedthesatelliteprogram.Itallowedspaceexpertstoteachstudentsaboutbasicknowledgeofsatellites.Afterseveralmonthsofhardwork,studentsdesignedtheirownsatellite.Theirmainachievementwasthedesignofthesatellite'sfunctions(功能)inspace.“Weworkedtogetherandcameupwithmorethan10ideas.Butaftertestsandexperiments,wesettled__onfour，”ZhuXun,16,toldBeijingEveningNews.Indeed,theyhavetoconsidertheweightofthesatellite.Thesatellitewillstayinspacemorethan180days.ItsfunctionsincludetakingpicturesofEarth,radioingcommunicationandsendinginformationtoEarth.Thestudentshopethatthesatellitecantakephotosofsmog,typhoons(台风)andotherweatherconditions.Thestudentsweredividedintofivegroups.Thegroupmembersworkedcloselytomakesatellitemodels.“Everytimewethinkthesatellitewearedesigningwillflyintospace,wearesoexcitedandtrytodoexperiments，”saidShenShulang,17.TheyalsovisitedtheChineseAcademyofSciencesandotherorganizationstogetinspiration(灵感)．1.________designedthesmallsatellite.A.StudentsfromBeijingB.SomespacescientistsC.SomespaceexpertsD.Someuniversityteachers2.________helpedthestudentsbuildthesmallsatellite.A.TheschoolB.SpacescientistsC.CCASTICD.Theparents3.Theunderlinedwords“settledon”means________inChinese.A.计算 B.确定 C.总计 D.定居4.ThesatellitecanNOT________．A.takepicturesofEarthB.sendinformationC.predicttheweatherD.radiocommunication5.What'sthemainideaofthispassage?A.Thefirststudent－designedsatellitewaslaunchedintospace.B.Spaceexpertstaughtthestudentsaboutthebasicknowledgeofsatellites.C.Studentsvisitedsomescienceorganizationstogetinspiration.D.Everyonecanmakesatellitesiftheytrytheirbest.C(2017乌鲁木齐改编)Smartwristband(智能手环),anewwelcomingproduct,ischangingourlifestyle.____1____Andtherearealsomanydifferentbrandstochoose,suchasAppleorHuawei.Herearethereasonswhypeoplechooseawristband.2____Thewristbandcanalsobeconnectedtothemobilephone.Youareabletouseittoanswerthephone,butatraditionalwatchcanneverdothat.Besides,thesmartwristbandlooksfascinating.____3____Weoftenseeteenagerswearingwristbands.Thirdly,atpresentmanypeoplehaverealizedtheimportanceofhealth.Somepeopleplaysportseverydaytokeephealthy.____4____Thewristbandshowstheresultseverydayandyou'llknowwhetheryouachieveyouraimornot.However,someparentsarestillagainstusingit.____5____Theythinktheteenagersareundertheradiation(辐射)allthetime.Eachcoinhastwosides.Useitornot,it'suptoyou.A.It'sverypopularamongteenagersbecauseit'scoolenough.B.Intheiropinion,wearingwristbandsforalongtimemaycausecancer(癌症)．C.Moreandmorepeopleprefertochooseasmartwristbandintheirdailylife.D.It'shelpfultoknowhowfartheyhaverunorhowmanystepstheyhavegotwithawristband.E.Itissoexpensivethateveryonecan'taffordit.F.Peopledon'tneedanormalwatchanymore.G.Herearethereasonsaboutpeoplechooseawristbandwisely.Ⅳ.书面表达SharingBikes提示：中国很多城市时下最流行的绿色出行方式——共享单车(SharingBikes)。请写一篇英语短文介绍一下共享单车的利弊，如它清洁环保、十分便捷，但同时也引发了一些问题。要求：1.语言流畅、书写规范、卷面整洁，词数不少于60个；2.文中不得使用真实姓名、校名，否则以零分计。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案Ⅰ.1.B【解析】考查介词词义辨析。句意为：诺拉打开了盒子。令她惊讶的是，________是一块金表。outside在……外面；inside在……里面；beside在……旁边；behind在……后面。根据“Noraopenedthebox.”可知金表肯定是在盒子里面的。故选B。2.C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意为“不要________废纸。我们可以收集起来再利用。”“你是对的。每个人都应该做一名环保者。”blowaway吹走；putaway收起来，放好；throwaway扔掉；takeaway拿走。根据空格后的句意可知，收集并利用废纸，所以不应该“扔掉”它。故选C。3.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意为：他是一名诚实的男孩。我没有理由________他所说的。根据句意可知此处指怀疑。故选B。4.C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意为“在香港________期间你做了些什么？”“我购物，拍照和拜访朋友。”daytime白天；practice练习；journey旅游；lesson课程。根据语境可知，此处指在香港旅游期间。故选C。5.B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：对我来说，嘲笑处于困境中的人真的是一种________行为，因此我从来不会那样做。polite礼貌的；silly愚蠢的；kind友好的；popular受欢迎的。根据语境可知此处表示：嘲笑处于困境中的人真的是一种愚蠢的行为。故选B。6.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意为“当我得知我考入一所美国大学时我的喜悦很难用语言________。”“多好的消息啊！你是如此的优秀。”describe描述；expect期望；become成为；build建造。根据语境，应该是高兴难以用语言表达。故选A。7.B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当你处于困境中时，一个真正的朋友永远不会________。takeaway带走；runaway逃跑，远离；putaway收起，放好；giveaway捐赠。分析语境可知此处表示真正的朋友永远不会离开你。故选B。8.C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“马克是如何从山中出来的？”“通过跟随着他(之前)留下的________。”instructions指示；situations情形；marks标记；sights景象，视野。根据语境可知是通过跟随他之前留下的标记从山中出来的，故选C。9.C【解析】考查介词词义辨析及固定搭配。句意“我想不出任何比奥黛丽·赫本更漂亮的女演员了。”“你说得对。她的美________言语。”over在……正上方；above在……上方；beyond超过；without没有。根据句意可知本题考查的是固定搭配beyondwords“难以言表”。故选C。10.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意“广播说这周末将会有暴风雨，因此我们不得不________去嵩山的徒步旅行。”“真遗憾！我很期待它。”cancel取消；continue继续；complete完成；celebrate庆祝。根据句意有暴风雨，可知应该是取消户外活动。故选A。11.C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我爸爸告诫我________他的电脑，因为他有一些重要的事情要在上面做。warnsb.(not)todosth.告诫某人(不要)做某事，故选C。12.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意“你知道曹冲吗？”“当然了。当他还是个孩子的时候，因提出最简单的________大象的方法而出名。”feed喂养；catch抓住；weigh称……的重量；touch触摸。根据句意和常识可知此处指称大象的重量。故选C。13.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：史蒂夫·乔布斯充满________——总是想出引起社会发生巨大变化的新主意。instruction说明；invitation邀请；introduction介绍；invention发明，创造能力。根据破折号后的解释可知乔布斯很有创意，因此他具有很强的创造能力。故选D。14.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他已经________几种外语，所以当他去国外出差时，他不必担心与外国人沟通。prepared准备；chosen选择；mastered掌握；developed发展。根据句意可知是掌握了几种外语。故选C。Ⅱ.【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文中主要讲述了英国发明家Berners－Lee发明互联网并制作出网页，最后发明了电子邮件的故事，这些发明使人们的生活更加方便。1.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它是由英国的TimBerners－Lee先生________。made做；took拿；invented发明；brought带来。根据第一句“Theinventionofworldwideweb(互联网)changedthewayswecommunicateandlearn,evenshop.”互联网的发明改变了我们的交流、学习甚至购物的方式。可知选C。2.B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那时，网络只被________数量的科学家和电脑专家所使用。great很好的；small小的；large大的；short短的。根据后句“ItwasimpossibleforcommonpeopletoshareinformationontheInternet.对于普通人来说在网上分享一些信息是不可能的。”可知那时只有一少部分的人使用互联网，故选B。3.D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他发展了一种________方法来制作网页。clear清楚的；difficult困难的；old老的；new新的。分析句意可知应是一种新方法，故选D。4.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的________是使任何人能在任何地方发布信息并分享它成为可能。reason原因；goal目标；advice建议；rule规则。根据第一段的最后一句“Berners－Leewantedtochangeit.”可知这里指的应为目标，故选B。5.C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：在20世纪90年代，互联网发展成为一个国际社区，用互联网的人能在这个社区里________以不同的形式分享他们的信息——照片，__6__，录像等。hardly几乎不；usually通常地；easily容易地；exactly精确地。根据常识我们知道互联网的发明使人们的生活更加方便，而且很容易地就得到信息，故选C。6.A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在20世纪90年代，互联网发展成为一个国际社区，用互联网的人能以不同的形式很容易地分享他们的信息——照片，________，录像等。sounds声音；noise吵闹声；pronunciation发音；books书。分析四个选项可知sounds与photos,videos对应，其他三个都不符合，故选A。7.A【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：在电子邮件出现________，人们通过打电话或写信来保持联系。Before在……之前；After在……之后；While当……时候；when当．的时候。根据常识我们都知道电子邮件出现在电话或信件的后面，故选A。8.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析及固定搭配。句意：人们相互之间________更加方便了。learn学习；communicate交流；help帮助；see看见。communicatewithsb.与某人交流，为固定搭配，故选B。9.C【解析】考查反身代词词义辨析。句意：越来越多的人选择建立他们自己的博客来告诉别人更多关于________的事。myself我自己；yourself你自己；themselves他们自己；himself他自己。根据此句的主语moreandmorepeople可知指的是他们，故选C。10.B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：学生也可以上网来________他们在课本上学不到的信息。lookafter照顾；lookup(在字典或网上)查阅；looklike看起来像……；lookback回顾。根据空后课本上学不到的信息可知此处指上网查阅，故选B。Ⅲ. A【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了世界上第一份3D报纸。比利时的3D报纸每份都带有一副3D眼镜，但出版费用太高，出版商不得不停产。1.F【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：第一份3D报纸的名字是法国的《最后一小时》。根据原文第一段中“ThatwaswhattheBelgian(比利时)newspaper,LaDerniereHeure,triedtodoforitsreaders.”第一份3D报纸是比利时的《最后一小时》，可知本题表述错误。2.T【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：这个团队印刷了115000份报纸，比通常的复制品数量多。根据原文第二段中“Theteamprinted115，000copiesofthespecialeditionofLaDerniereHeure.Itwasmorethantheusualnumberoftheprintedcopies.”这个团队印刷了十一万五千份，这比平时的数量更多。可知本题表述正确。3.F【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：你不用戴3D眼镜就可以清楚地看到报纸中的照片。根据原文第三段中“Infact,ifpeopledon'twearthe3Dglasses,thenewspaperwillbeterribletoreadbecausetheimagesarenotclear.”事实上如果人们不戴3D眼镜，报纸阅读起来会很糟糕因为影像是不清晰的。可知本题表述错误。4.F【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：一些读者试着买这种报纸因为它很昂贵。根据原文第四段中“Infact,someofthemboughtitjustforfun.”事实上，他们中的一些人只是为了娱乐买它。可知本题表述错误。5.T【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：作者确信3D报纸将不会取代普通的报纸。根据原文第四段中“Thepublishershadnoplanstocontinueitbecauseitcoststoomuch.”出版商觉得出版3D报纸花费太多所以不打算继续出版，可推测出3D报纸替代不了传统报纸的地位。可知本题表述正确。B【主旨大意】本文是一篇新闻。报道了我国第一个由学生设计的卫星被发射到太空，它的功能是给地球拍照、无线电交流以及把收到的信息传给地球，并介绍了学生的设计过程。1.A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：________设计了这颗小卫星。A项：来自北京八一学校的学生；B项：一些太空科学家；C项：一些太空专家；D项：一些大学老师。根据第一段第二、三句“ItwasbignewsforstudentsatBeijingBayiSchool.Afterall,theydesignedthesatellite.”可知，是北京八一学校的学生们设计了这颗小卫星。故选A。2.B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：________帮助学生们建造这个小卫星。A项：学校；B项：太空科学家；C项：中国航天科技国际交流中心；D项：家长。根据第二段第一句“Withthehelpofspacescientists...”可知，是太空科学家帮助了他们。故选B。3.B【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：划线短语“settledon”的汉语意思是________。根据上句可知“他们想出了十多个点子。但是通过测试实验后……”，可判断此处表示确定了四个。故选B。4.C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：这颗卫星不能________。A项：拍摄地球照片；B项：传递信息；C项：预测天气；D项：无线电沟通。根据倒数第二段第三句“ItsfunctionsincludetakingpicturesofEarth,radioingcommunicationandsendingimformationtoEarth.”可知，它的功能包括拍摄地球的照片、无线电沟通和传递信息给地球，不能预测天气。故选C。5.A【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：这篇文章的