名词性从句之宾语从句和表语从句

ObjectClauses

宾语从句什么是宾语？Iknowhim.Doyouhavethetime?Whydon’tyoupayattentiontome?Ienjoyworkingwithyou.

宾语位于谓语动词或者介词后

Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主语谓语宾语（简单句）主语谓语宾语从句连接词从句主语从句谓语

主句（复合句）句子做宾语就是宾语从句，跟在及物动词或介词后句子结构：主句+连接词（引导词）+宾语从句宾语从句三要素引导词（连接词）语序时态

引导词

句子类型that陈述句一般疑问句If/whether（是否）特殊疑问词特殊疑问句一、连接词（引导词）

1.当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.

Shesays(that)shewon’ttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；（2）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句Everyoneknewwhathappenedand

thatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.2.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导，“是否”，不能省略Lilywantedtoknow

if/whether

hergrandmalikedthehandbag.Let’ssee

if/whether

wecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.a.当有ornot时就用whether,不用if.Idon’tknowwhetherornotIwillstay.b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.

Iworryabout

whetherIhurtherfeeling.注意whether和if的使用区别Practicetimeif/whether

1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.

2.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.

3.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.

4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.if/whetherwhetherwhetherwhether3.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由疑问词（what,who,whom,which；whose；

when,where,how,why等）引导，因为疑问词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?Idon’trememberwhen/wherewearrived.Iaskedhimwhere/how/whyIcouldgetsomuchmoney.Pleasetellmewho\whom\whatwehavetosee.二、时态1.如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）Iknowheliveshere.(live)Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.(live)Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.(come)2.如果主句是过去的时态，那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）Iknewwholivedhere.(live)Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.(talkwith)Hewaswonderingwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.(comeback)Hesaidthathehadseenit.(see)3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。Theteachersaidthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.(travel)Theteachertoldmeshe____(be)

bornin1960.Iheardthatshe____(go)

toParislastnight.4.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍用一般过去时。wentwas1.Mikeinsistedthatwe_________________(be)lateforschool.2.Thedoctororderedthatshe_____________(stay)inbedforafewdays.(should)notbe(should)stay注意：在下列动词接that从句中用“should+动原”一个“坚持”insist（坚持要）两个“命令”command,order(命令）

三个“建议”suggest,propose,advise四个“要求”request,ask,demand,require三、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：主句＋连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分I’mwonderingwhatshewantstoeat.1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgoto

thelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegoto

thelibrary.

2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idon’tknowwhatdoeshewantto

buy.Idon’tknowwhathewantsto

buy.

What’swrong?What’sthematter?What’shappening?Whathappened?

注：当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时，语序不变：Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Thedoctoraskedwhatwaswrong(withher)．Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?Canyoutellmewhoheis?做主语做表语否定的转移

若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.Idon’tthinkyouareright.

我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。我认为你是错的。

Idon’tbelieveyoucanfinishtheworktoday.

我认为你今天无法完成工作。

注意：这类句子后若带有附加疑问句，应采用肯定形式来后问，后问部分应于从句主语一致。Idon’tbelievesheknowit,doesshe?反义疑问句

1.Wewonderhowweshalldonext.2.Couldyoutellmewherearetheyhavingapicnic?3.IamsorrythatIdon’tknowyouwantto

takepartinthecompetition.whatdidn’ttheyareExercise:correctornot4.Ididn’tknowthatyouwillcome.5.Hesaidthatheiswritingastory.6.Couldyoutellmewhenwillhearrive?7.YoucanbegintoseewhydoesEnglishhavesuchstrangerules.____would___was______hewill______________EnglishhasExercise:multical-choice1.Idon’tknow____wecanliveontheislandwithoutfood.A.whereBwhatChowDthat2.Couldyoutellme___________________?Awhereisthepark?Bwho’sonduty?Cwhosebookisthis?Dwhataretheydoing?3Theteachertoldusthattheearth_____aroundthesun.AmovedBmovesCmoveDmoving4.Ididn’tknowthatMr.Smith______yet.hasreturnedBhasreturnedChadreturnedDreturned5.

Wedon'tknow______theydidit.Wedon’tknow______theydid.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which

BBCCACPredicativeClauses

表语从句一、表语从句定义：Thequestioniswhowilldoit.表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。

表语从句LinkingVerbs(连系动词)

除动词be以外，还有一些后面可接表语的特殊连系动词，如：look,smell,taste,sound,feel,fall,come,go（变成…）,become,grow（渐渐地变化）,turn(变成，一般用于颜色),appear,seem,get,keep,remain,stay等。二、表语从句构成Hissuggestionisthat

weshouldstaycalm.Thatiswhy

shewaslate.引导词引导词主系＋连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分三、引导表语从句的关联词1.从属连词as,asif/though引导的表语从句

Helookedjustashehadlookedtenyearsbefore.Itsoundsasifsomeoneisknockingatthedoor.2.because,why引导的表语从句例句：(1)That’sbecausehedidn’tunderstandme.(2)That’swhyhegotangrywithme.那是因为他不理解我。那正是他对我生气的原因。（强调原因）（强调结果）3.连接代词who,whom,whose,whoever,what,whatever,which,whichever,连接副词where,when,how(1)Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.(2)Thequestionishowhedidit.(3)Thatiswherehewasborn.

问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。问题是他如何做此事的。那就是他出生的地方。4.从属连词that，whether(1)ThetroubleisthatIhavelostheraddress.(2)Myquestioniswhetherheleft(ornot).麻烦是我把她的地址弄丢了。我的问题是他是否离开了。that在表语从句中不充当任何句子成分，也没有任何意义。

四.使用虚拟语气的表语从句在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”表示，should可省略。常见的词有：advice,suggestion,order,proposal,plan等。

Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.注意A表语从句一定要用陈述语序。Thequestioniswhencanhearriveatthehotel.Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.B不可以用if，而用whether连接表语从句(asif例外）。Itlookedasifhehadunderstoodthisquestion.Thequestionisiftheenemyismarchingtowardsus.Thequestioniswhethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.C不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。

Thequestioniswhyhecriedyesterday.ThequestioniswhowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.Dthat在表语从句中不可以省略。LaoYang’ssuggestionisthatwe(should)turnthelandintoricefield.What’stroublingmeisIdon’thavemuchexperienceinthiskindofwork.注意：在表语从句中，表“是否”时，只能用“whether”不能用“If”。一般情况下，“that”不能省。Itis/wasbecause….（这是因为）Itis/waswhy….（这就是为什么…）4.Thereasonisthat…(原因是…)5.Thereason(why…/for…)is/wasthat….6.Thereasonisbecause/why…that

….Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthatheg