中考英语专项复习(代词)

中考英语专项复习（代词）代词是用来代替名词或名词词组的词，因此代词在句子中的功能和名词一样，可作主语、宾语和表语，有些代词还可修饰名词。英语代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词、不定代词、相互代词等九种。现把学过的六种代词介绍如下：代词单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词主格Iyouhe,she,itweyouthey宾格meyouhim,her,itusyouthem物主代词形容词性myyourhis,her,itsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshis,hers,itsoursyourstheirs反身代词myselfyourselfhimself,herself,itselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves指示代词this,thatthese,those不定代词可数each,one,many,(a)few,both,another,either,neither不可数much,(a)little可数、不可数all,some,none,such,any,other复合不定代词anybody(one,thing),somebody(one,thing),nobody(thing),everybody(one,thing)疑问代词who,whom,whose,which,what1．人称代词表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”“它”“我们”、“你们”、“他们”等的词，叫做人称代词。人称代词的排列有以下几种；①我、你、他第二人称→第三人称→第一人称即：you，heandI②她和老师名词→人称代词即：theteacherandshe③我、他和一些别的人人称代词→其他代词即：he，Iandsomeothers④第三人称两性（性别）并用时，如：他和她；即：heandshe2．物主代词物主代词表示所有关系，分为形容词性和名词性两种，形容词性物主代词作定语，名词性物主代词作主语、宾语和表语。形容词性物主代词后要跟名词。名词性物主代词可以单独使用，其作用相当于一个形容词加上一个名词。物主代词有人称和数的区别。例：Thisismydictionary．Yours(=Yourdictionary)isonthedesk．一Isthisyourclassroom?—No．It'stheirs(=theirclassroom)．3．反身代词表示动词所表达的动作反回到施动者本身，一般是由第一、二人称的形容词性物主代词或第三人称代词的宾格加上self(复数selves)构成，起强调作用，反身代词可作动词宾语、介词宾语、同位语等。例如：Pleasehelpyourselftosomefish．(作动词宾语)Hethinksmoreofhimselfthan“others．(作介词宾语)Imyselfdidit．（作同位语）Ispoketothemanagerhimself．（作同位语）注：反身代词常接在动词enjoy,hurt,help等词后。4．指示代词指示代词是将所指事物与同类中的其他事物区分开来的一种代词。表示：“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念。指示代词在句中相当于名词、形容词的作用，可作主语、宾语、定语、表语等。例如：This(That)iswhatIwanttosay．(作主语)Weshouldalwayskeepthis(these)inmind．（作宾语）Forthese(those)reasons，Iwaslate．（作定语）Thereasonisthis．（作表语）5．不定代词不定代词用来代替或修饰任何不定数量和不定范围的人和事物。不定代词可代替名词或形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。下面举例说明：①some和anysome(一些)、any(一些、任何)修饰可数名词和不可数名词。some用在肯定句中，any多用于疑问句和否定句中。例如：Therearesomebooksinthedesk．Therearenotanybooksinthedesk．Haveyouanymoney?注意：some可用于表示邀请、请求的疑问句或用于说话者希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中，any有时也用于肯定句，表示“任何的”“任何一个”“任何一些”等。例如：—Wouldyoulikesometea?（希望对方肯定回答）—Yes,thankyou.—CouldIaskyousomequestions?（希望对方肯定回答）—Ofcourse,youcan.Youcanaskmeanyquestions.（任何问题）②little、alittle、few、afewlittle、alittle修饰不可数名词，few、afew修旆可数名词；alittle、afew表示肯定的概念，即：尽管少但“有”；few、little表示否定的概念，表示“没有”。例如：Thereisalittlewaterintheriver.Youcanwalkacrossit.Thereislittlewaterintheriver.Youhavetoswimacrossit.Hehasfewfriends,soheoftenfeelslonely.IhaveafewfriendsinAmerica．Ioftenwritetothem.③each、every、everybody、everyone、everything。each相当于名词和形容词，用作定语或单独使用作主语、宾语、定语、同位语等。every不可单独使用，它必须放在名词等前，只能作定语。each与every的区别：1)each侧重于单个，every侧重于全体、整体。2)each用于二者或二者以上，every用于三者或三者以上。everybody与everyone相同，意思是“每人、人人”。everything意思是“一切”“每件事”。例如：Twoboyscameintotheclassroom．Eachworearedcoat.Everystudenthasanewbook．Everybodyknowsthisthing．(don’tthey?)Everythinggoeswell．(doesn’tit?)(把上面两个句子改为反意疑问句，注意用什么代词代替everybody,everything)④both、either、neitherboth、either、neither都与“两个”有关。both“(两者)都---”"全”，指两个人或事物，可作主语、宾语、定语。例如：Bothbooksaregood．Therearealotoftreesonbothsidesoftheroad.either(两个中间的)任何一个，这个或那个”，可作主、宾、定语。例如：Therearetwobooks.Youmaytakeeitherofthem．—Wouldyoulikeacupofteaorcoffee?—EitherisOK.neither“(两者之间)一个也不---”，neither是either的否定形式，可作主语、宾语、定语。例如：NeitherofthemknowsJapanese．EitherLiorWangknowsEnglish．⑤none、no、nobody、noone、nothingnone、no、nobody、noone、nothing都与“无”有关。none用于指人或物，可与of短语连用，用作单数或复数，而且常用于习语中。nothing“没有东西；没有什么(=notanything)”，若作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：—Istherenothinginthebox?—No.It'sempty．一Howmanyelephantsdidyouseethere?—None．—Whatdidyouseeinthezooyesterday?—Nothing.注意：以上两句中的答句None,Nothing不可相互替代。no表示“没有(任何的)---”，等于notany---或nota(an)---。例如：Hehasnomoney．（=Hehasnotanymoney.）WehavenolessonsonSundays.(=WehavenotanylessonsonSundays.)Shehasnobrother.(=Shehasnotabrother.)nobody或noone后不可接of短语来表示“某些人当中”；⑥a11a11作形容词且与名词连用时，名词前需加the或one's，即：allthe(one’s)+名词。例如：IwillteachEnglishallmylife．Allthepeoplearehere．当all代替可数名词作句子主语时，谓语动词用复数；当all代替不可数名词作句子主语时，谓语动词用单数。例：Allarehere．Let’sbeginourmeeting.(all代替所有参加会议的人)Alliswellthatendswell.（all代替所有事情）⑦other、theother、others、theothers、anothertheother指两者中的另外一个。例：Hehastwopens，oneisblue，theotherisyellow．other+复数名词=others相同，泛指其他的人或物。例：Somestudentsarecarryingwater，others(otherstudents)arewateringthetrees．theother+复数名词=theothers，特指一定范围内的其他人或物。例：TherearefiftystudentsinMissGao’sclass,twentystudentsareboys,theothersaregirls．theother+数词，指剩余的数目。例：Heboughtthreepencils，oneisforme，theothertwoareforhim．another+单数名词或another+数词+复数名词。表示在原来基础上再来一个或一些。例：Idon'tlikethecolorofthisbag.MayIhavealookatanotherone．MayIhaveanotherthreebooks?6．疑问代词疑问代词有who，whom，whose，which，what等。①who和whatwho问姓名，what问职业。例：—Whoishe?—HeisSmith．—What'syourfather?—Heisaworker．②what和whichwhich表示在一定数目(或范围)之内的选择，某某范围内的“哪一个”“哪一些”；what则没有这种限制。例：Whatdoyouusuallyhaveforlunch?你通常午餐吃什么？Whichdoyouprefer，appleorpear?苹果和梨，你喜欢哪一个？WhichofyoucomesfromBeijing?你们当中哪一个来自北京？③whom和whosewhom作宾语，whose作定语。例：Withwhomisshetalkingnow?Whosebookisonthedesk?典型错句分析1.—Isthereanyoneintheclassroom?—None.[解析]None→Noone。none是对all,即三个以上的否暄，后面常接带of的短语。而noone代表单数名词，意为“没有一个人”，不能与of连用。2.Thebirdbuildsitsnestinthetree.[解析]it’s→its。it’s是itis或ithas的省略形式，而its则是物主代词“它的”，意义不同，不能混淆。3.Ilikenoneofthetwonovels.none→neither。对两者both否定应为neither。4.DoyouthinktheTVsetsmadeinShanghaiarebetterthanonesmadeinBeijingare?[解析]ones→those。one,ones和that,those皆可代替前面的名词，避免重复但one,ones要求有代词或形容词之类的前置定语；that,those则要求有介词短语、分词短语或从句一类的后置定语。例：—Whatkindofice-creamwouldyoulike?—Abigpinkone.Thedaysinsummerarelongerthanthoseinwinter.典型错句解析1.–Isthereanyoneintheclassroom?–None.[解析]None→Noone。None是对all，即三个以上的否定，后面通常接带of的短语。而noone代表单数名词，意为“没有一个人”，不能与of连用。2.Thebirdbuildsitsnestinthetree.[解析]it’s→its是itis或ithas的省略形式，而its则是物主代词“它的”，意义不同，不能混淆。3.Ilikenoneofthetwonovels.[解析]none→neither.对两者both否定应为neither。代词练习A)人称代词()1.Isthispicture________?A.my B.her C.yours D.our()2.Someof________areYoungPioneers.A.they B.their C.them D.themselves()3.Afriendof________camehereyesterday.A.my B.his C.her D.your()4.Isaw________inthestreetyesterdayafternoon.A.he B.his C.him D.himself()6.Marydecidedtodothework________.A.she B.hers C.herself D.himself()9.Whosepencil-boxisthis?It’s________.A.he B.hisC.himD.he’s()11.Shetold________afriendof________wouldgotoAmerica.A.him;her B.his;hers C.him;hers D.he;she’s()12.________pencil-boxisbeautiful.But________ismorebeautifulthan________.A.Tom’s;my;he B.Tom’s;mine;hisC.Toms;mine;himD.Tom’s;my;his()13.Mostof________wanttodothework________.A.us;ourselves B.us;ours C.we;ourselves D.ours;ourselves()14.Whoseexercise-booksarethese?Theyare________.A.their B.theirs C.them D.their’s()15.Didthechildrenenjoy________lastSunday?A.them B.themselves C.himself D.themselves()16.Don’ttellmetheanswer.I’llworkouttheproblem________.A.byme B.myself C.myself D.me()17.Help________tosomemeat,please.A.you B.your C.yourself D.yours()18.LeiFengwasalwaysreadytohelpothers.Heneverthoughtof________.A.him B.his C.himself D.he()19.Theirroomisonthefirstfloorand________isonthesecond.A.our B.ours C.us D.ourselves()20.Afriendof________willgive________atalknextMonday.A.him;our B.his;we C.his;us D.he;ours()21.Thatis________violin.A.Tom B.Tom’s C.Toms D.Toms’()22.Thehospitalisabitfarfromhere.It’sabout________.A.fortyminutes’swalk B.fortyminute’swalkC.fortyminuteswalk D.fortyminutes’walkB）不定代词()1.Ihavetwopens.Oneisred,________isblue.A.theother B.others C.other D.another()2.There________wrongwithmybike.A.aresomething B.areanything C.isanything D.issomething()4.Therearetwomapsonthewall.OneisamapofAmerica,________isamapoftheworld.A.others B.other C.theother D.another()5.I’mnotbusy.Haven’t________todo.A.something B.everything C.nothing D.anything()6.Hisparentsare________doctors.A.each B.all C.both D.noone()7.Ofthethreeforeignfriends,oneisfromLondon,________twoarefromNewYork.A.other B.theother C.others D.theothers()8.Arethesetwobooksinteresting?Yes,________ofthemareinteresting.A.both B.all C.either D.neither()9.MarywantedtohaveaworkwithTom.Shehad________totellhim.A.importantsomething B.nothingimportantC.anythingimportant D.somethingimportant()10.There________wrongwiththemachine.A.aren’tsomething B.aren’tanything C.isn’tsomething D.isn’tanything()11.MyparentsareIare________interestedinmusic.A.both B.all C.neither D.no()12.Lookatthosestudents.Somearecleaningthewindow,________aresweepingthefloor.A.theother B.other C.others D.theothers()13.Shehasanappleinonehandandaknifein________.A.other B.theother C.another D.others()14.Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks,butyoumustn’tlenditto________.A.other B.others C.theother D.theothers()15.IstudyChinese,Englishandsome________subjects.A.other B.theother C.others D.theothers()16.Dotheyoftentalktoeach________inEnglish?A.others B.theother C.other D.theothers()17.Worldyoulike________milk?A.some B.any C.little D.afew()18.________beastsnorbirdswouldhavethebatastheirfriend.A.Either B.Neither C.Not D.Both()19.I’mhungry.Pleasegiveme________toeat.A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing()20.Marysingsbetterthan________oftheothergirlsinherclass.Shesingsbest.A.some B.any C.most D.one()21.Thisstoryismoreinterestingthan________two.A.other B.others C.theother D.theothers()22.Allthestudentshadgoneout.Therewas________intheclassroom.A.somebody B.anybody C.nobody D.everybody()23.Since________ishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.A.anybody B.everybody C.somebody D.nobody()24.________hastakenmypencilbymistake.Ican’tfindit.A.Somebody B.Everybody C.Nobody D.Anyone()25.Didtheyfind________inthepark? No,theyfound________there.A.anybody;nobody B.somebody;everybodyC.anybody;somebody D.everybody;anybody()26.TomandMaryare________goodatFrench.A.each B.both C.noone D.all()27.Shemade________mistakesinherexercisesA.any B.another C.no D.one()28.Therearefiftystudentsintheirclass.________ofthemareleaguemembers.A.Both B.Either C.All D.Noone()29.Wemustlearnfrom________other.A.every B.on C.each D.all()30.Thestudentshave__________onSundays.A.noanyclasses B.noclass C.noclasses D.noanyclass()31.Thereisn’t________ontheplayground.A.anyone B.everyone C.nobody D.anypeople()32.Ifyouneedaruler.I’lllendyou________.A.some B.one C.another D.theone()33.Ihavetwofriends.OneisfromAustralia,________isfromJapan.A.other B.theother C.another D.othersC）不定代词little,alittle,few,afew()1.Thefilmisnotinteresting.________peoplelikeit.A.Little B.Alittle C.Few D.Afew()2.Thatteacherwastoobusytoworkinhisoffice.Hehad________timetodothework.A.few B.afew C.little D.alittle()3.TheartisthaslearnedRussianforfourmonthsandhecanwrite________Russiannow.A.few B.afew C.little D.alittle()4.Don'thurry!Youstillhave________time.A.little B.alittle C.few D.afew()5.Thereis________inkinthebottle.Ihavetobuysome.A.little B.alittle C.few D.afew()6.Tommadequite________mistakesinthetest.A.few B.afew C.little D.alittle()7.CanyouspeakEnglish?Yes,butonly________.I’vestudieditforonly________months.A.alittle;few B.little;afew C.alittle;afew D.few;alittle()8.Wouldyoulikesomemeat?Yes,just________.A.afew B.few C.alittle D.little()9.Bequick!Thereis________timeleft.A.little B.alittle C.few D.afew()10.Thequestionissodifficultthat________studentscananswerit.A.few B.afew C.little D.alittle()11.Youdidquitewellinthetest.Youmade________mistakes.A.few B.afew C.little D.alittle()13.HaveyouanyfriendsinPairs?Yes,Ihave________there.A.few B.afew C.little D.alittle()14.Tomwasillyesterday,butheis________bettertoday.A.few B.afew C.little D.alittle()15.Thechildrenwanttoplay________longer.A.little B.alittle C.few D.afew()16.Sorry,Ican’tansweryourquestions.Iknow________aboutthesubject.A.few B.afew C.little D.alittleD）疑问代词()1.________wenttotheGreatWallwithyou?A.What B.When C.Who D.Whose()2.________isJim’sbag,theblueoneortheredone? A.Which B.What C.Whose D.Where()3.________newspaperisthis?It’smine.A.Who’s B.Whom C.Which D.Whose()4.________didJackdolastSunday?A.When B.What C.Where D.Who()5.________isyourfather?Heisverywell,thankyou.A.What B.Who C.How D.Where()6.________willyouhavethemeeting?Tomorrowmorning.A.Where B.When C.How D.Who()7.________areyoudoingnow?I’mmakingamodelplane.A.What B.When C.How D.Where()8.Doyouknow________they’retalkingabout?A.where B.why C.what D.how()9.Doyouknow________daughtersheis?A.where Bwhose C.what D.which()10.Couldyoutellme________trainisleavingforShanghai?A.what B.which C.where D.when()11.________subjectsdoyouhavethisyear?A.Which B.When C.What D.Whom()12.________doyoufindeasiertolearn,EnglishorChinese?A.What B.Which C.How D.Where()13.________dowehaveforlunch?A.What B.When C.Where D.How()14.________didyoumeetatthestation?A.What B.Who C.Where D.Why()15.________doyoulikethefilm?Ilikeitverymuch.A.How B.What C.When D.Where易错题—Mr.Smithmusthavebeentoyourhomethismorning.

—No,he

_______

,becausehedidn’tknowmyaddress.A.couldn’t

B.can’t

C.mustn’t

D.mayno