中考英语定语从句

定语从句一、定义在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的有关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that等和关系副词where,when,why等，关系代词和关系副词，既起到连接作用，又在定语从句中担任句子成份。总结定语从句的一般结构为：先行诩关系词+定语从句。一、关系代词1.关系代词指代先行词，在从句中作主语，宾语或表语，基本用法如下表:关系作用词先行词例句who主语/宾语人Thisistheboywhooftenhelpsme.这就是帮我的那个男孩。Ihappenedtomeettheprofessor(who/whom)Igottoknowatapartyintheshoppingcenteryesterday.昨天在购物中心我碰巧遇到了那位我在一次聚会上认识的教授。whom宾语人Themanwhomyouarewaitingforhasgonehome.你等那个人已经回家了。that主语/宾语人或物Thisisthepenthatwriteswell.这是那支很好

写的笔。Thisisthepenthatyouwant.这是你想要的钢笔。ThetallestplayerthatplaysfootballforourteamisfromFujian.在为我们队踢足球的最高哪个运动员来自福建。which主语/宾语物Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.有个机器的房间是车间。Theriverwhichisinfrontofmyhouseisveryclean.从我家前面流过的河流非常清澈。whose定语人或物Theroomwhosedoorisblueismine.蓝色房门的那个房间是我的房间。注意：一般情况下，that既可以指人又可以指物，可以代替who,whom和which,在句子中充当主语，宾语或表语；which指物，在从句中也做主语，宾语或表语，所以which和that在指物时，大多时候可以互换，如：ThisisthemoviethatIlikebest.=ThisisthemoviewhichIlikebest.这就是我最喜欢的电影。2.关系代词的省略一般情况下，关系代词作宾语时可以省略，但若关系代词在从句中作介词宾语，且介词在关系代词前，不能省略，如：I'llneverforgetthedaythatwespenttogether.我永远都不会忘记与你共度的时光。（可省略）I'llneverforgetthedayonwhichwemeteachother.我永远不会忘记我们初次见面那一天。（不可省）二、关系副词关系作用词先行例句词when状语时间I'llneverforgetthedaywhenImetyouforthefirsttime.我永远不会忘记初次见你的那一天。where状语地点Thisistheplacewherewehavelivedfor5years.这就是我们住了五年的地方。why状语原因Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhewaslate.我不知道彳也迟到的原因。注意：与关系代词不同，关系副词在从句中作状语，状语并不是句子必须成分，所以即使没有关系副词，从句的内容也完整。这是关系副词与关系代词最大的不同，也是我们选题的关键。同时，关系副词大多可以拆分成介词+which的形式，如：ThisisthehousewhereLuxunoncelived.=ThisisthehouseinwhichLuxunoncelived.这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。一、重难点：定语从句考查形式比较单一，单选一般考关系词的选择，按照上表，我们很容易根据先行词判断出关系词选谁最合适。高中会系统讲解定语从句，所以我们在初中阶段还要了解从句中的各个成

分，为之后的学习做好准备。二、易错点:前文我们提到若先行词为物，关系词可以用that或which，而且大多数可以互换。但以下几种情况，必须用that引导定语从句：.先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等，如：AllthatwehavetodoistopracticeEnglish.我们要做的事情就是去练习英语。.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，如：ThefirstletterthatIgotfromhimwillbekept.我收到他的第一封信将会被保存起来。.先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰，如：I'veeatenupallthefoodthatyougaveme.我把你给我的所有事物都吃光了。.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时，如：HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttotalkwith.他是我唯一想与之交谈的人。.先行词既有人又有物时，如：Theytalkedaboutpersonsandthingsthattheymet.他们谈论了他们见到的人和事。经典模题题模一：关系代词例1.1.1---Whatshallwedonext?---TaketheadviceisgivenbyDr.Bloch.---TaketheadviceisgivenbyDr.Bloch.B.whichB.whichC.whoseD.whom例1.1.2ThePalaceMuseumisthebestplaceI'veevervisited.A.who B.when C.that D.where例1.1.3完成句子.你有什么要对自己说的吗？Doyouhaveyouwanttosayforyourself?.这是我父亲曾经住过的房子。Thisisahouseinmyfatheroncelived.题模二：关系副词例1.2.1ThisistheprimaryschoolIstudiedthreeyearsago.A. where B. when C. that D. which例1.2.2DoyourememberthedayswespentinSanya?A. when B. that C. what D. where例1.2.3完成句子你知道他缺席的原因吗？Doyouknowthereasonheisabsent?真题在线一、选择正确的答案。()1.(2018，安顺)一OnlyYouisaTVprogramispopularwithmostyoungpeople.一Yes,itisdefinitelytrue.A.that B.whose C.what D.who( )2.(2018，黄冈，导学号2283153)—Class,youshouldbethankfultothosepeoplehelpedandsupportedyou.—Wewill,MissChen.which B.whom C.who D.whose( )3.(2018，随州)一Whatareyoulookingfor?一I'mlookingforthedictionaryyoulentmelastweek.A.who B.what C.that D.when( )4.(2018，兰州，导学号2283153)1likethecitythepeoplearereallykindandfriendly.A.that B.which C.where D.who( )5.(原创)Myunclewenttohishometownyesterdayandvisitedtheoldhousehewasbornin.A.which B.where C.what D.it()6.(原创)ThisisthebestmovieIhavewatched.who B.which C.that D.whose( )13.(原创)Wewillneverforgetthepeoplehelpusalotinlife.A.whose B.when C.which D.who二.根据句意，用适当的引导词填空。—Ireallydon,tknowIcanimprovemyEnglishquickly.—Ithinkspeakingmoreisagoodway.—Couldyoutellmeyougetupearlyeverymorning?—Sure,Ihavetocatchtheschoolbus.—We/llholdapizzapartynextSunday.Iwonderwillbeinvited.—Afamoussinger.Youaretalentedyoungadultsarefullofhopeforthefuture.Sheoftenparkshercarnearthehouseshecaneasilygetto.