《工程制图》讲义Note1课件

EngineeringGraphicsNorthChinaElectricPowerUniversity《工程制图》讲义Note1YangZhilingEmail:yzhil@Officeaddress：F-824Pleasepreparethebook:《EngineeringGraphics》.Pleasepreparetwokindsofpencil:Hand2B,apairoftrianglesandacompass.《工程制图》讲义Note1

GraphicLanguageandDesignIntroduction1HistoryofTechnicalDrawing2Summery34Projection《工程制图》讲义Note1DesignProcessAdesignprocessstartswithaconceptoranidea.Thefirststageoftheprojectbeginswiththeidentificationofaparticularneedforaproduct.Thesecondstageinvolvesthecreationofavarietyofoptionsordesignideas.Theseideamaybeintheformofsketches,andincludemathematicalcomputations.Thethirdstageistherefinementofthepreliminarydesigns.Possiblesolutionstotheproblemareidentified.《工程制图》讲义Note1DesignProcessThefourthstageinvolvesrefinementandselectionofaparticulardesign.Heretheprojectisputinamoreformal,finalizedstateusingassemblydrawingsormodels.Thisstagerequirescloseattentiontohowthepartistobemanufacturedorproduced.Inthefifthstage,detaildrawingsareprepared.Theresultisacompletesetofworkingdrawings.Thesixthstageinthedesignprocessisthemanufacturingandproductionofproduct,ortheconstructionofasystem.《工程制图》讲义Note1SKETCHESandDRAWINGS《工程制图》讲义Note1SKETCHESandMODELS《工程制图》讲义Note1ASSEMBLYDRAWINGS《工程制图》讲义Note1Refinementofthemodel《工程制图》讲义Note1DETAILDRAWINGS《工程制图》讲义Note1PLANSandELEVATIONS《工程制图》讲义Note1Definitions《工程制图》讲义Note1DRAWINGAdrawingisagraphicrepresentationofarealthing,anidea,oraproposeddesignforlatermanufactureorconstruction.Drawingsmaytakemanyforms,butthegraphicmethodofrepresentationisabasicnaturalformofcommunicationofideasthatisuniversalandtimeless.《工程制图》讲义Note1GRAPHICLANGUAGEAlthoughpeoplearoundworldspeakdifferentlanguages,auniversalgraphiclanguagehasexistedsincetheearliesttimes.Theancientlettersandwordsaregraphicrepresentations.AncientEgyptianCharacter《工程制图》讲义Note1TECHINICALDRAWINGGraphicrepresentationhasbeendevelopedalongtwodistinctlines,accordingtopurpose:

artistic

technicalFromthebeginningofrecordedhistory,peoplehaveuseddrawingstorepresentthedesignofobjectstobebuiltorconstructed.《工程制图》讲义Note1EARLYTECHNICALDRAWINGAnaerocraftdrawing,byLeonardodaVinci《工程制图》讲义Note1MODERNTECHNICALDRAWINGGaspardMonge(1746-1818)developedtheprinciplesofprojectionthatarenowthebasisofourtechnicaldrawing.Heisconsideredthe“inventor”ofdescriptivegeometry.In1900,thefirst-angleprojectionandthird-angleprojectionwereestablished.《工程制图》讲义Note1ProjectionObjectProjection《工程制图》讲义Note1FirstAngleProjectionandThirdAngleProjectionVVFirstangleprojectionThirdangleprojection《工程制图》讲义Note1Whatwillwelearn?3D→2D《工程制图》讲义Note13D→2D《工程制图》讲义Note1Whatwillwelearn?2D→3DWhat’sthis《工程制图》讲义Note12D→3D《工程制图》讲义Note1AnotherAnswer《工程制图》讲义Note1Whatwillwelearn?Somespecialdrawingskills《工程制图》讲义Note1Whatwillwelearn?《工程制图》讲义Note1INTRODUCTIONTOCADComputerAidedDesignComputerAidedDraftingCAD《工程制图》讲义Note1APPLICATIONOFCAD2DWorkingDrawing《工程制图》讲义Note1APPLICATIONOFCAD3DPartModel《工程制图》讲义Note1APPLICATIONOFCADSurfaceModeling《工程制图》讲义Note1APPLICATIONOFCADVirtualAssembly《工程制图》讲义Note1APPLICATIONOFCADVirtualAssembly《工程制图》讲义Note1CADSOFTWAREAutoCAD/InventorProEngineerSolidWorksCATIAUGIICAXA《工程制图》讲义Note1INTRODUCTIONTOCADCADD–ComputerAidedDesignandDraftingCAM–ComputerAidedManufacturingCIM–ComputerIntegratedManufacturingCAE–ComputerAidedEngineeringCG–ComputerGraphics–《工程制图》讲义Note1OTHERAPPLICATIONImageProcess《工程制图》讲义Note1Game,FilmandCartoonOTHERAPPLICATION《工程制图》讲义Note1SUMMARYThegraphiclanguageistheuniversallanguageusedbyeveryengineeringteamdesigninganddevelopingproductsthroughouttheworld.Everytechnicaldrawingisbasedonstandardthatprescribewhateachsymbol,line,andarcmeans.Weneedtotrainourabilityofspatialimagining,learnhowtotransform3Dobjectto2Dprojectionsand2Dprojectionsto3Dobject.Fortrainyourabilityofspatialimagining,youmustdoexercisesyourself.《工程制图》讲义Note1Lesson1BasicDraftingDraftingStandard1DrawingEquipment2GeometricConstruction3Dimension4《工程制图》讲义Note1DrawingEquipment《工程制图》讲义Note1DrawingEquipment《工程制图》讲义Note1DrawingEquipment《工程制图》讲义Note1DrawingEquipment《工程制图》讲义Note1DRAFTINGSTANDARDAmericanNationalStandardDraftingManual–Y14ChineseNationalSatandardforMechenicalDrawings

Thesesectionsoutlinethemostimportantidiomsandusagesinaformthatisacceptabletothemajority.Theyareconsideredthemostauthoritativeguidetouniformdraftingpracticesinthiscountrytoday.《工程制图》讲义Note1DraftingStandardPRCNationalStandard(abbreviatedtoGB)《Mechanicaldrawings》isthestandardworkondraftingpractice.NationalStandard《Mechanicaldrawings》containsseventeenseparateStandards,whicharesetbyreferringtotheISO(InternationalOrganizationforStandardization)Standards,suchasGB/T14689-1993forSizesandlayoutofdrawingsheet,GB4457.4-1984forLines.《工程制图》讲义Note1LineTypes(GB/T4457.4-1984)NameTypeWidthUseThicksolidlinebVisiblelineThinsolidlineb/3Dimensionline,Extensionline,SectionlineDashedlineb/3HiddenlineWavelineb/3Short-breaklineZigzaglineb/3Long-breaklineThindot-and-dashlineb/3CenterlineDoubledot-and-dashlineb/3Phantomline《工程制图》讲义Note1DrawingEquipmentforthinlineforthickline《工程制图》讲义Note1Thicknessoftheline《工程制图》讲义Note1Applicationoflines《工程制图》讲义Note1MetricSystemandScale(GB/T14690-1993)1mm=1millimeter(1/1000ofameter)1cm=1centimeter(1/100ofameter)=10mm1dm=1decimeter(1/10ofameter)=10cm=100mm1m=1meter=100cm=1000mm1km=1kilometer=1000m=100,000cm=1,000,000mm《工程制图》讲义Note1MetricSystemandScale(GB/T14690-1993)Thescaleistherelationbetweenthedimensionsofdrawingofanobjectandtheactualdimensions.ScalesestablishedbytheChineseNationalStandard:Fullsize：1:1Enlargement：2:1,2.5:1,4:1,5:1,10:1etc.Reduction：1:1.5,1:2,1:2.5,1:3,1:4,1:6,1:10etc.Whateverthescale,thedimensionsonthedrawingindicatethetruesizeoftheobject,notoftheview.《工程制图》讲义Note1LetteringForms(GB/T14691-1993)Thefollowingsizesofcharactersarerecommended:20,14,10,7,5,3.5and2.5.《工程制图》讲义Note1LetteringForms(GB/T14691-1993)Thelettersandnumeralsareeitherinclined15°totheright,orvertical(upright).《工程制图》讲义Note1SheetSizesandLayout(GB/T14689-1993)TheStandardestablishesfivepreferredsizesfordrawingsasbelow：A0、A1、A2、A3、A4.Sheetsizes：

A0:841×1189A1:594×841A2:420×594A3:297×420A4:210×297Asheetwithborderlinesandatitleblocksiscalledalayout.《工程制图》讲义Note1MarginandBorderTheverticallayoutandhorizontallayoutareshowninFiguresasbelow:Ifthefilingmarginforperforationisnecessary,a=25,A0~A2:c=10,A3、A4:c=5《工程制图》讲义Note1MarginandBorderIfthefilingmarginforperforationisnotnecessary,thenA0~A1:e=20mm,A2~A4:e=10mm《工程制图》讲义Note1TitleBlock

GB10609.1-1989isaStandardfortitleblock.ThetitleblockforstudydrawinganddetaildrawingaresuggestedinFiguresasbelow:《工程制图》讲义Note1FreehandSketches(1)DrawingLines:DrawingAngles:《工程制图》讲义Note1FreehandSketches(2)DrawingCircles:DrawingEllipses:《工程制图》讲义Note1DrawingaPentagon《工程制图》讲义Note1DrawingaHexagon《工程制图》讲义Note1EllipseConstruction《工程制图》讲义Note1DrawingTangentArcs(1)3030TTHKR+HKRHK《工程制图》讲义Note1DrawingTangentArcs(2)HKr1r2r1+HKr2+HKHKr1r2HK-r2HK-r1《工程制图》讲义Note1DrawingTangentArcs(