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CONSUMERS

&

BRANDSPharmaceuticalresearchanddevelopmentCHAPTER

01OverviewTotalglobalspendingonpharmaceuticalresearchanddevelopmentfrom2014to2028(inbillionU.S.dollars)TotalglobalpharmaceuticalR&Dspending2014-20283503002503022962892812722622492442111942001501005018517116115114502014201520162017201820192020202120222023*202420252026202720283Description:In2022,researchanddevelopmentspendinginthepharmaceuticalindustrytotaledsome244billionU.S.dollarsglobally.Forcomparison,R&Dexpenditurestotaled137billiondollarsin2012.PharmaceuticalR&Dincludesallstepsfromtheinitialresearchofdiseaseprocesses,thecompoundtestingoverpre-clinical,andallclinicaltrialstages.Atacertainpointintheprocess-mostlyduringthepre-clinicalphase-agovernmentalauthorityisinvolvedtooverview,regulate,andultimately[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;asofAugust2023;*Allvaluesareprojectedfrom2023on.ReadmoreSource(s):EvaluateGlobalgrowthintotalpharmaceuticalR&Dspendingfrom2015to2028R&Dspendinggrowthworldwideonpharmaceuticals2015-202820%18.4%15%10%5%8.8%8.2%7.4%6.7%6.2%4.6%20193.7%20243.3%20252.9%20262.5%20272%1.7%20150%-2.2%2022-5%201620172018202020212023*20284Description:Thisstatisticdepictsthegrowthinglobalpharmaceuticalresearchanddevelopmentspendingfrom2015to2028.During2022,thepharmaceuticalindustryexpenditureonresearchanddevelopmentactuallydeclinedsome2.2percent.ReasonscanbefoundinasetbackaftertheveryR&D-intenseyear2021(COVID-19),risinginflationandcostofcapital,andabearmarketinthebiotechsectorwhichhadanegativeimpactespeciallyonsmallcompanies.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;asofAugust2022;*Allvaluesareprojectedfrom2023on.ReadmoreSource(s):EvaluateAnnualgrowthofpharmaceuticalR&DspendinginEurope,theU.S.,andChinabetween2007and2022GrowthrateofR&Dspendinginpharmaceuticalindustrybymajorregion2007-2022EuropeU.S.China35%30%25%20%15%10%5%33.3%18.6%15.6%12.9%9.4%8.5%7.7%4.6%4%3.1%3.1%1.8%0%2007-20112012-20162017-20212018-2022*5Description:ThisstatisticdisplaysthepharmaceuticalresearchanddevelopmentspendingannualgrowthrateinEurope,China,andtheU.S.inselectedperiodsbetween2007and2022.TheEuropeanpharmaceuticalindustry'sexpenditureonR&Dgrew4.6percentannuallybetween2018and2022.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,UnitedStatesSource(s):EFPIA;PhRMATotalnumberofdrugsintheR&Dpipelineworldwidefrom2001to2023NumberofdrugsintheR&Dpipelineworldwide2001-2023Drugcount202320222021202020192018201720162015201420132012201121,29220,10918,58217,73716,18115,26714,87213,71812,30011,30710,47910,4529,7136Description:ThisstatisticshowsthetotalnumberofdrugsintheR&Dpipelineworldwidefrom2001to2023.During2001,therewere5,995drugsintheR&Dpipelinewhereasthereweresome21,300drugsinthepipelineinJanuary2023.

ReadmoreNote(s):WorldwideSource(s):PharmaIntelligence(Citeline)TotalnumberofpharmaceuticalcompanieswithactiveR&Dpipelinesworldwidefrom2001to2023PharmacompaniesworldwidewithactiveR&Dpipelines2001-2023Numberofcompanies20232022202120202019201820172016201520142013201220115,5295,4165,0994,8164,3234,1344,0033,6873,2862,9842,7452,7052,3877Description:ThisstatisticshowsthetotalnumberofpharmaceuticalcompanieswithactiveR&Dpipelinesworldwidefrom2001to2023.In2001,therewere1,198pharmaceuticalcompanieswithactiveR&Dpipelines,andthisnumberincreaseduptoover5,500asofJanuary2023.ReadmoreNote(s):WorldwideSource(s):PharmaIntelligence(Citeline)SelectedtoppharmaceuticalR&Dprojectsbasedonnetpresentvalue(NPV)asofJuly2023(inbillionU.S.dollars)ProjectedmostvaluableR&Dprojectsbasedonnetpresentvalue2023NPVinbillionU.S.dollars02468101214Sotatercept,Merck&CoDatopotamabderuxtecan,DaiichiSankyo/AstraZenecaCagriSema,NovoNordisk11.611.510.3Donanemab,EliLilly8.8KarXT,KarunaTherapeutics8.4mRNA-1647,Moderna7.18Description:ThisstatisticdisplaysthetoppharmaceuticalR&Dprojectsbasedonnetpresentvalue,asofJuly2023.Accordingtothesource,thetopR&DprojectwasMerck&Co.'spulmonaryarterialhypertensiontreatmentSotaterceptwithanetpresentvalueof11.6billionU.S.dollarsatthattime.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;asofJuly2023Source(s):Evaluate(EvaluatePharma);EvaluateVantageCHAPTER

02R&DperformancebycompanyR&Dspendingasrevenueshareofleading10pharmaceuticalcompaniesin2022R&Dspendingshareoftoppharmaceuticalcompanies2022Percentageofprescriptionrevenue15%0%5%10%20%25%30%35%RocheJohnson&JohnsonMerck&Co30.9%28.2%23.9%Bristol-MyersSquibbAstraZenecaNovartis22.1%22.1%18.1%Sanofi17.7%GlaxoSmithKlinePfizer16.6%13.6%11.5%AbbVie10Description:In2022,pharmaceuticalcompaniesAstraZenecaspentjustover22percentofitsprescriptiondrugrevenuesonresearchanddevelopment.Ingeneral,bigpharmaceuticalcompaniesspendaround20percentoftheirrevenuesonresearchanddevelopment.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):Evaluate;PharmaceuticalExecutiveWorld'stop50pharmaceuticalandbiotechnologycompaniesbasedonR&Dspendinggrowthin2021ToppharmaceuticalcompaniesinR&Dspendinggrowth2021One-yeargrowthrate300%

400%0%100%200%500%600%700%800%900%VentyxBiosciencesCloverBiopharmaceuticalsAdagio819%777%732%726%CurevacGinkgoBioworks620%Chemocentryx536%Instil450%ZhejiangOrientGeneBiotechAteaPharmaceuticalsValnevaTayshaGeneTherapiesCanbridgePharmaceuticalsHinovaPharmaceuticals364%340%319%314%290%269%11/statistics/524498/top-pharma-and-biotech-companies-by-highest-3-year-randd-spending-growthThisstatisticrepresentstheworlds'stop50pharmaceuticalandbiotechnologycompaniesbasedonR&Dspendinggrowththroughtheyear2021.Thebiggestone-yeargrowthwasreportedforVentyxBioscienceswithagrowthrateof819percent.

ReadmoreNote(s):WorldwideSource(s):EuropeanCommission;JointResearchCentreWorld'stop50pharmaceuticalandbiotechnologycompaniesbasedonR&Dintensityin2021Top50globalpharmaceuticalandbiotechcompaniesbyR&Dintensityin2021R&Dintensity400,000%

600,000%0%200,000%800,000%1,000,000%1,200,000%EverestMedicinesArenaPharmaceuticalsBellusHealthMersanaTherapeuticsVaxxinity1,109,828%776,783%373,714%306,913%108,152%BioatlaImmunitybioLexiconPharmaceuticalsAngesMgGInovioPharmaceuticalsBluebirdBio23,310%20,981%18,472%16,499%13,944%13,312%11,188%8,691%CloverBiopharmaceuticalsAutolusTherapeutics12Description:Thebio-/pharmaceuticalindustryisoneofthemostresearch-drivenintheworld,anditshighR&Dintensityhaslongbeenrecognized.Thislistconsistsofmanysmallercompaniesthathavehighresearchcostsbutlowsalesrevenues.Thisresultsinenormouslyhighintensityrates,liketheoneofEverestMedicineswithoveronemillionpercent.ReadmoreNote(s):WorldwideSource(s):EuropeanCommission;JointResearchCentreLeading15pharmaceuticalcompaniesworldwidebysizeofR&Dpipelineasof2023Toppharmacompaniesworldwide2023,bysizeofR&DpipelineDrugcountRoche194191NovartisTakeda178175171Bristol-MyersSquibbPfizerJohnson&Johnson156155AstraZenecaMerck&Co.151Sanofi145EliLilly135GSKAbbVie123122JiangsuHengruiPharmaceuticalsBoehringerIngelheimBayer106999313Description:WhenitcomestothedevelopmentofnewdrugsasofJanuary2023,Swiss-basedcompanyNovartiswastotheleaderamongtheglobaltoppharmaceuticalcompanies.With194productsinthe2023R&Dpipeline,Rocheleadstheranking,closelyfollowedbyanotherSwisscompany,Novartis,andbyJapaneseTakeda.Amongtheglobaltop15companiesbasedonproductsinthepipeline,sixwerefromtheUnitedStates.In2022,researchanddevelopmentspendinginthepharmaceutical[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;asofJanuary2023Source(s):PharmaIntelligence(Citeline)DistributionofpharmaceuticalR&Dcompaniesworldwidebycountryasof2023DistributionofpharmaceuticalR&Dcompaniesbyregion2023ShareofR&DcompaniesUnitedStatesRestofEuropeChina43%15%13%RestofAsiaPacificUnitedKingdomCanada11%5%4%3%3%2%1%JapanFranceGermanyLatinAmericaandAfrica14Description:ThisstatisticshowsthedistributionofpharmaceuticalR&Dcompaniesworldwidebycountryorregion,asofJanuary2023.Asofthatmoment,43percentofallpharmaceuticalR&DcompanieswereheadquarteredintheUnitedStates.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;asofJanuary2023Source(s):PharmaIntelligence(Citeline)CHAPTER

03CharacteristicsofR&DpipelineLeading15therapeuticcategoriesworldwidebynumberofR&Dproductsasof2023Toptherapeuticcategoriesworldwide2023,bynumberofR&DproductsNumberofR&DproductsAnticancer,immunologicalAnticancer,other4,4923,622Genetherapy2,083Monoclonalantibody,otherProphylacticvaccine,anti-infectiveNeurological1,3951,0641,045984Ophthalmological,otherAntiviral,other983ImmunosuppressantCellulartherapy,chimaericantigenreceptorAntidiabetic797792747Anti-inflammatory722705GIinflammatory/boweldisordersMusculoskeletal677Cognitionenhancer64116Description:Thisstatisticshowsthetop15therapeuticcategoriesworldwideasofJanuary2023,bynumberofproductsinR&Dphases.Therewereannearly4,500immunologicalanticancerproductsintheR&DproductpipelinewhichmadeitthehighestrankedtherapeuticcategoryinrespecttothenumberofR&Dproductsthatyear.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;asofJanuary2023Source(s):PharmaIntelligence(Citeline)Leading15diseasesworldwidebynumberofactivedrugsasof2023Worldwidetopdiseases2023,bynumberofactivedrugsNumberofactivedrugsCancer,breastCancer,lung,non-smallcellCancer,colorectal965925741Cancer,pancreatic675653Infection,coronavirus,novelcoronavirusCancer,ovarian587Cancer,brain539529523Alzheimer`sdiseaseCancer,prostateCancer,leukaemia,acutemyelogenousCancer,melanoma484476475449Diabetes,Type2Cancer,gastrointestinal,stomachCancer,myeloma445444Cancer,liver17Description:Thisstatisticshowsthetop15diseases/indicationsworldwideasofJanuary2023,basedonthenumberofactivedrugs.Theprojectionsaidthattherewere965activedrugsforbreastcancerinthatyear,whichmadeitthetopdiseaseintermsofnumberofactivedrugs.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;asofJanuary2023Source(s):PharmaIntelligenceLeading15originsofdrugsinR&Dpipelineworldwidebynumberofactivedrugsasof2023Worldwidetoporiginsforpipelinedrugsbynumberofactivedrugs2023NumberofactivedrugsChemical,synthetic10,307Biological,protein,antibodyBiological,protein,recombinantBiological,cellular,autologousBiological,cellular,heterologousBiological,nucleicacid,viralvectorBiological,cellular2,734932758687677583Chemical,synthetic,nucleicacidBiological,virusparticlesBiological,protein536534523477461Biological,nucleicacidChemical,synthetic,peptideBiological,other358330254Biological,bacterialcellsBiological,peptide18Description:Thisstatisticshowsthetop15originsofdrugsintheR&Dpipelineworldwideasofbeginof2023,bynumberofactivedrugs.Thereweresome10,300activedrugsofchemical,syntheticorigin,thusmakingitthetoporiginforpipelinedrugsintermsofnumberofactivedrugs.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;asofJanuary2023Source(s):PharmaIntelligence(Citeline)PercentageofdrugsinR&Dpipelineworldwidebydeliveryrouteasof2023Worldwidepipelinedrugsbydeliveryrouteshare2023ShareofpipelinedrugsInjectableOral61%29%TopicalInhaled3%3%OphthalmologicalImplant2%1%Transdermal1%19Description:ThisstatisticshowsthedistributionofdrugsintheR&DpipelineworldwideasofJanuary2023,bydeliveryroute.Itwasestimatedthat61percentofdrugsintheR&Dpipelinewerewithaninjectabledeliveryroute,thusmakingitthetopdeliveryroutefordrugsinpipeline.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;asofJanuary2023Source(s):PharmaIntelligence(Citeline)Leading15mechanismsofactioninR&Dpipelinedrugsworldwidebynumberofactivecompoundsasof2023Worldwidetopdrugproducingmechanismsofactionbynumberofactivecompounds2023NumberofactivecompoundsImmuno-oncologytherapyImmunostimulant3,3931,472T-cellstimulant1,091ImmunecheckpointinhibitorGeneexpressioninhibitorGenomeediting618283274Proteindegrader221CD3agonist198192192186181179RadiopharmaceuticalAngiogenesisinhibitorNaturalkillercellstimulantPD-L1antagonistImmunosuppressantPD-1antagonist152150Immunecheckpointstimulant20Description:Thisstatisticshowsthetop15mechanismsofaction(pharmacologies)ofdrugsintheR&DpipelineworldwidebynumberofactivecompoundsasofJanuary2023.Therewerenearly1,500activecompoundsofimmunostimulants,thusmakingitthesecondrankedmechanismofactioninthatyear.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;asofJanuary2023Source(s):PharmaIntelligence(Citeline)CHAPTER

04Duration,costandROIAveragelengthofaclinicaltrialcyclefrom2014to2022(inyears)Averagelengthofaclinicaltrialcycle2014-202287.147.096.9765432106.646.576.586.616.396.1520142015201620172018201920202021202222Description:Thisstatisticshowsthedevelopmentoftheaveragelengthofaclinicaltrialcyclefrom2014to2022.Thedataisbasedon12large-capandfourmid-to-large-capbiopharmacompaniesworldwideandacrossfivemajortherapyareas:oncology,centralnervoussystem,infectiousdiseases,metabolicdisorders,andcardiovascular.Ascanbeseen,theaveragelengthoftrialsincreasedwithapeakof7.14yearsin2020.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2013to2022;12largeand4mid-to-largebiopharmacompaniesbymarketcapSource(s):DeloitteRateofreturnonbiopharmaceuticallate-stageR&Dpipelinefrom2013to2022RateofreturnonbiopharmaR&Dlatestagepipeline2013-20228%7.2%6.8%7%6.5%6.1%6%5%4%3%2%1%0%5.5%5.4%3.6%2.3%20201.5%20191.2%2022201320142015201620172018202123Description:Thisstatisticshowstheinternalrateofreturn(IRR)onbiopharmaceuticallate-stageR&Dpipelinefrom2013to20222.Thedataisbasedon12large-capandfourmid-to-large-capbiopharmacompanies.Therateofreturndecreasedfrom2014to2019,butsawanincreasein2020and2021,beforeanothersharpdeclinein2022.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2013to2022;12largeand4mid-to-largebiopharmacompaniesbymarketcapSource(s):DeloitteAveragecosttodevelopacompoundforbiopharmacompaniesfrom2010to2022(inbillionU.S.dollars)AverageR&Dcosttodevelopnewbiopharmacompound2010-20223.02.52.02.432.362.282.211.991.831.521.511.51.00.50.01.351.3201320142015201620172018201920202021202224Description:Thisstatisticshowstheaverageresearchanddevelopmentcostforlargeandmid-sizedbiopharmacompaniestodevelopanewcompoundfromdiscoverytomarketlaunchfrom2010to2022.Accordingtothedata,averageR&Dcostsshowedafluctuatingtendencyoverthelastsixyears.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2010to2022;12largeand4mid-to-largebiopharmacompaniesbymarketcapSource(s):DeloitteProjectedaveragepeaksalesforeachnewbiopharmaceuticalassetfrom2013to2022(inmillionU.S.dollars)Averagepeaksalesforecastpernewbiopharmaceuticalasset2013-20226005515365205175015045004003002001000457422405360201320142015201620172018201920202021202225Description:Thisstatisticshowstheprojectedaveragepeaksalespernewpharmaceuticalpipelineassetfrom2013to2022,inmillionU.S.dollars.Theprojectedaveragepeaksalespernewassetdroppedfrom517millionU.S.dollarsin2021to405millionU.S.dollarsin2022.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2013to2022Source(s):DeloitteCHAPTER

05OutsourcedR&DGlobalcontractresearchorganization(CRO)marketin2023and2028(inbillionU.S.dollars)CROmarketsizeworldwideforecast202814012010080127.376.660402002023(estimated)2028(projected)27Description:For2023,itisestimatedthattheglobalCROmarketwillreachsome77billionU.S.dollarsworldwide.Thisstatisticshowsthemarketsizeofcontractresearchorganizations(CROs)globally2023andaforecastfor2028,inbillionU.S.dollars.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;asofFebruary2023Source(s):MarketsandMarketsLeadingglobalcontractresearchorganizations(CROs)basedon2022revenue(inmillionU.S.dollars)Leadingglobalcontractresearchorganizationsbasedonrevenue2022RevenueinmillionU.S.dollars5,000

10,0000ThermoFisherScientific*15,00020,00025,00022,511LaboratoryCorp.ofAmericaHoldings(incl.Covance)IQVIA(QuintilesIMSHoldings)14,87714,410IconPublicLimitedCorp.7,741WuxiApptec**6,1005,393SyneosHealthCharlesRiverLaboratoriesInternational,Inc.3,976ParexelInternationalCorp.**MedpaceHoldings,Inc.2,5001,46028Description:In2022,theleadingcontractresearchorganizationsworldwideincludedLaboratoryCorporationofAmericaHoldings,ThermoFisherScientific,andIQVIA.Thesecondrankedcompany,LaboratoryCorporationofAmericaHoldingshadnearly15billionU.S.dollarsinrevenueduringthatyear.Comparatively,thefirstrankedcompanyThermoFisherScientific,whichrecentlyacquiredPharmaceuticalProductDevelopment(PPD),generated22.5billionU.S.dollarsinrevenuethroughitsclinical[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;*OnlyLaboratoryProducts&BiopharmaServicessegment.**Estimated.ReadmoreSource(s):VarioussourcesContractdevelopmentandmanufacturingorganization(CDMO)marketforecastworldwidefrom2020to2030(inbillionU.S.dollars)CDMOmarketsizeworldwideforecast2020-2030250223.5208.4194.420015010050181.2169157.6140.8139.6132.3124115.502020202120222023202420252026202720282029203029Description:Thisstatisticshowsthesizeofthe(pharmaceutical)contractdevelopmentandmanufacturingorganizations(CDMOs)marketworldwide,projectedfortheperiodfrom2020to2030.By2030,theglobalCDMOmarketisexpectedtoexceed220billionU.S.dollars.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;asofMay2023Source(s):Alvarez&Marsal;GrandViewResearch;VarioussourcesLeading10contractdevelopmentandmanufacturingorganizations(CDMOs)basedonrevenuein2022(inbillionU.S.dollars)Toppharmacontractdevelopmentandmanufacturingcompanies202286.976.97765432104.282.111.771.381.311.311.11.0230Description:Thisstatisticdepictsthe2022revenueoftheworld'sleadingcontractdevelopmentandmanufacturingorganizations.U.S.-basedcompanyCatalenthadcontractdevelopmentandmanufacturingrevenuestotalingsome4.3billionU.S.dollars.Acontractdevelopmentandmanufacturingorganization(CDMO)isabletotakeoversomepartsofapharmaceuticalcompany,whichcouldincludeanyservicefromdrugdevelopmenttodrugmanufacturing.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):GeneticEngineering&BiotechnologyNews;Varioussources(companydata)CHAPTER

06Publicopinion/knowledgeWouldyoubewillingtopay$1perweekmoreintaxesifyouwerecertainthatallofthemoneywouldbespentonadditionalmedicalresearch?Willingnesstopaymoretaxesforadditionalmedicalresearch-U.S.adults2019-2023201920202021202380%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%68%63%63%53%25%22%21%21%17%16%15%15%YesNoNotsure32Description:ThisisbasedonsurveyconductedinJanuaryin2019,2020,2021,and2023.ItdisplaystheshareofU.S.adultsandtheirwillingnesstoincreasetheirtaxesbyoneU.S.dollarperweekifallthemoneywouldbespentonadditionalmedicalresearch.Asof2023,some21percentwereunwillingtoincreasetheirtaxesforadditionalmedicalresearch.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;January2019,January2020,January2021,January2023;around1,000;18yearsandolderSource(s):Research!AmericaWhenitcomestorisinghealthcarecosts,wouldyousayresearchtoimprovehealthispartoftheproblemorpartofthesolution?Viewofhealthresearchasaproblemorsolutionforrisingcosts-U.S.adults20202016202060%50%40%30%20%10%0%54%36%32%32%23%23%PartoftheproblemPartofthesolutionNotsure33Description:ThisstatisticisbasedonasurveyconductedinJune2016andJanuary2020.ItdisplaysU.S.adults'opinionsonwhetherhealthresearchispartoftheproblemorpartofthesolutiontorisinghealthcosts.Asof2020,some23percentofadultsclaimedthathealthresearchwaspartoftheprobleminincreasingcosts.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;June2016andJanuary2020;800-1,052;18yearsandolderSource(s):Research!AmericaHowimportantisitforthefederalgovernmenttosupportincentivesforprivatesectorinvestmentinnewtreatmentsandcures?Importancetosupportprivateinvestmentsinmedicalresearchbygovernment202250%45%40%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%43%41%9%5%2%0%VeryimportantSomewhatimportantNottooimportantNotatallimportantNotsure34Description:ThisstatisticisbasedonasurveyconductedinJanuary2023.ItdisplaystheagreementonwhetherthefederalgovernmentshouldsupportlegislationthatencouragesprivateinvestmentsinmedicalresearchintheU.S.Thesurveyshowsthat41percentofrespondentsofthesurveysaidthatitisveryimportantthatthefederalgovernmentshouldsupportincentivesthatencourageprivateinvestmentsinmedicalresearch.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;January2023;around1,000;18yearsandolderSource(s):Research!AmericaPercentageofU.S.adultswhoapproveofhowpharmaceuticalcompanieshandledCOVID-19vaccinedevelopmentasof2021U.S.approvalofpharmacompanies'COVID-19vaccinedevelopmenthandling202140%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%38%37%12%8%5%0%StronglyapproveSomewhatapproveSomewhatdisapproveStronglydisapproveDon'tknow35Description:AccordingtoasurveyconductedinMarch2021amongU.S.adults,around75percentofrespondentsstatedthattheyeitherstronglyapproveorsomewhatapproveofhowpharmaceuticalcompanieshandledthedevelopme

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