2024届高考一轮总复习第一部分选择性必修第三册Unit4AdversityandCourage

UNIT4ADVERSITYANDCOURAGE核心单词阅读词汇1.adversityn.困境；逆境2.wagen.工资3.expeditionn.探险；远征；探险队4.vigourn.精力；力量；活力5.cupboardn.橱柜；壁橱；衣柜6.stewardn.(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员7.crushvt.毁坏；压坏；压碎n.拥挤的人群8.stoven.炉具；厨房灶具9.blanketn.毯子10.bangon.班卓琴(乐器)11.voyagen.&vi.航海；航行12.navyn.海军；海军部队13.decentadj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的14.cosyadj.温馨的；舒适的15.crewn.(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人16.barkvi.&n.(狗)吠叫；吠叫声17.rugbyn.橄榄球运动18.batn.球拍；蝙蝠vi.&vt.用球板击球；挥打；拍打19.dampadj.潮湿的；湿气重的20.nephewn.侄子；外甥21.corporateadj.公司的；法人的；社团的22.navigatorn.领航员；(飞机；船舶等上的)航行者23.motorn.发动机；马达adj.有引擎的；机动车的24.episoden.(人生的)一段经历；(小说的)片段；插曲25.motiven.动机；原因；目的26.Confucianismn.孔子学说；儒家(学说)

高频词汇1.________adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的2.________adv.&prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)3.________vi.沉没；下沉；下降vt.使下沉；使沉没4.________vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃bitteraboardsink5._________________adj.脾气好的/坏的6.___________n.娱乐；消遣；游戏good/bad-tempered7._________n.候选人；应试者recreationcandidateabandon

拓展词汇1.________vt.忍耐；忍受；持续；持久→endurancen.忍耐力；耐久力endurequalifiedqualification

2.qualifyvt.取得资格(或学历)；合格；使合格；使具备资格→__________adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→______________n.资格；资历；资格证

3.________________adj.热情的；热心的→enthusiasmn.热情；热心enthusiastic4.assignvt.分派；布置；分配→______________n.工作；任务；布置；分派assignmentenvy5.________n.&vt.羡慕；妒忌→enviousadj.羡慕的；嫉妒的6.belongvi.属于→______________n.[pl.]财物；动产7.miseryn.痛苦；悲惨→_______________adj.痛苦的；令人难受的belongingsmiserableselfish8.selfn.自己；自我→________adj.自私的→________adj.无私的→__________adv.无私地selflessselflessly9.________adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的→genuinelyadv.真正地；真诚地genuineperseverance10.perseverevi.坚持；孜孜以求→______________n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神resolutioncruelcruelty11.resolvevi.&vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)n.决心；坚定的信念→____________n.决议；解决；坚定

12._______adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→cruellyadv.残酷地；残忍地→________n.残酷；残忍13.thoroughadj.深入的；彻底的；细致的→___________adv.彻底地；完全地thoroughlyfurnishedfurniture

14.furnishvt.(为房屋或房间)配备家具→____________adj.配备好家具的→____________n.家具

15.fortunen.运气；财富→fortunateadj.幸运的→____________adv.幸运地→______________adj.不幸的→______________adv.不幸地；遗憾地fortunatelyunfortunate16.guidevt.指导n.导游；指南；指导手册→_____________n.指导；引导；导航unfortunatelyguidance

17.__________vt.&vi.公布；宣传；做广告→______________n.广告→advertisingn.广告活动；广告业

18.roughadj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的→________adv.粗糙地；粗略地advertiseadvertisementroughly19.________adj.忠诚的；忠实的→________adv.忠诚地；忠实地→loyaltyn.忠诚；忠实loyalloyallycommitment20.commitvt.承诺；保证(某个人、机构等)vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→______________n.承诺；保证；奉献熟词生义1.blanket【熟义】n.毯子【生义】vt.以厚层覆盖【典例】Outsidethefieldswereblanketedinfog.外面，田野笼罩在雾里。2.rough【熟义】adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的【生义】adj.粗野的【典例】Theotherboyswererough.其他男孩子非常粗野。

重点短语1.turnsb.________拒绝(某人)2.keepone'sspirits________让某人情绪高涨3.make________成功；做到4.hold________稍等；(打电话)别挂断；坚持住；继续5.becomestuck________陷入；困入6.set________出发，动身；点燃；使爆炸；引起downupitoninoff7.________one'sguidance在某人的指导下8.consist________由……组成9.________fire生火10.give________发出(热、光、气味或气体)11.pay________偿还；报复；回报underofmakeoffback精选佳句教材原句ithappenedthat

1.Well,________so________________onemorningIboughtanewspaperandreadtheadvertisementabouttheAntarcticexpedition.哦，有一天早上我碰巧买了一份报纸，看到了南极探险的广告。

句式结构

句式1：It＋特殊动词(词组)＋that从句教材原句sothat

2.ButIwas________enthusiasticabouttheideaofgoingalongwiththem________Isecretlywentaboardhisship,theEndurance,andhidinasmallcupboard.但是我对和他们一起去的想法非常热切，所以我偷偷地登上了他的船“坚忍”号，藏在一个小柜子里。

句式结构

句式2：so...that...意为“如此……以至……”教材原句aslongasyoupersevere

3.Itwilleventuallyleadtosuccess______________________________________.只要你坚持不懈，最终就会成功。

句式结构

句式3：aslongas引导条件状语从句教材原句Ifitweren'tfor

4.________________________________seaanimals,wewouldallstarve.如果没有海洋动物，我们都会饿死。

句式结构句式4：if引导的虚拟条件句课文复现

MynameisPerceBlackborowandIhavebeen1.__________(dream)ofanexpeditiontoAntarcticawithSirErnestShackleton.Oneday,Ireadthe2._______________(advertise)abouttheAntarcticexpeditioninthenewspaper,butwhenIappliedtojoinit,Iwasturned3.________becauseIwastooyoungandinexperienced.Igotaboardtheshipwithout4.__________(permit)andhidinasmallcupboard,butwasdiscoveredthreedayslater.Shackletonassignedme5._______(be)asteward,andIcookedfortwenty-eightmen.HowexcitedIwas!Thejourneywas6.________(hard)thanIexpected.WhenwewentneartheAntarctica,ourshipbecamestuck7.________theiceandgotdreamingadvertisementdownpermissiontobeharderin8.________(crush).Before9._________(abandon)theship,wewereonlyallowedtotakesomeofournecessitiesandthrowawaytherest.Wewerecampingontheice,butwithspringcoming,theicebegantomelt.crushedabandoninga

Havingstruggledfordays,theconditionsonElephantIslandweregoingfrombadtoworse.ShackletonleftustofindhelponSouthGeorgiaIsland,whichis1，330kilometresaway.Therewasnofoodontheislandexceptsealsorpenguinswesometimescaught.Iwasinlowspirit.However,withthegenuineconcernofFrankandErnest,Iwasfilledwithhopeandthoughttherewas10.________chancewewouldreturnhome,afterall.单句语法填空qualificationfurnituresank

1.Previousteachingexperienceisanecessary______________(qualify)forthisjob. 2.Eachpieceof________(furnish)intheirhomesuitedthestyleofthehouse. 3.WhenIsawalittlegirlcryingthere,myheart________(sink)andwantedtohelpherout.4.Theguidewas________enthusiasticthatsheofferedmesomepracticaladvice.sooff5.Peopletendtoset_______fireworksduringthefestival,whichmaycauseseriouspollution.assignment

6.Developgoodhabits,likewritingdownyour______________(assign)andhandinginyourhomeworkontime. 7.Youcanturntoyourteachersfor________(guide)whenyouareintrouble.guidanceFortunatelycruellybelongings

8.ThisisthefinalchanceforTomtotakethedrivingtest.__________(fortunate),hepassedthetestfinally. 9.Themanwascondemnedtosixyearsinprisonfortreatinghiswife________(cruel). 10.Havingsoldmostofhis__________(belong),theprofessoralmosthadnothingleftinthehouse.1.qualifiedadj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)【典例】

①Honestlyspeaking,Idon'tknowmuchaboutit,soIdon'tfeelqualifiedtocomment.老实说，我对它不太了解，所以我觉得我没有资格发表评论。②Thistrainingcoursewillqualifyyouforabetterjob.本培训课程将使你胜任更好的工作。【归纳】be/feelqualifiedtodosth.有资格做某事bequalifiedfor具备……资格的；适合担任……的【拓展】(1)qualifyvt.使具备资格vi.合格qualifyfor...取得……的资格qualifysb.for...使某人能胜任……qualifysb.todo...使某人有资格做……(2)qualificationn.资格；资历；资格证have(no)qualificationsfor(doing)sth.(没)有做……的资格have(no)qualificationstodosth.(没)有做……的资格【即学即用】单句语法填空qualifiedqualifications

(1)Theapplicantisn't________(qualify)todothejobashedidn'thavetherelevantexperiencerequiredforthejob. (2)Apartfromahighschooldiplomaandsomeexperiencewithanimals,therearenostandard____________(qualify)forthejob.

完成句子，每空一词

(3)一个具有文学艺术欣赏力的人能胜任这项工作。

Apersonwithanappreciationofartandliterature________________________thejob.isqualifiedfor2.assignvt.分派；布置；分配【典例】①Theteacherassignedadifferenttasktoeachofthechildren.老师给每个孩子分配的任务都不相同。②Whichpoliceofficerhasbeenassignedtothiscase？哪一位警官被指派负责这个案件？【归纳】assignsb.sth.＝assignsth.tosb.分配给某人某物assignsb.assth.指派某人任某一职务assignsb.todosth.指派某人做某事【拓展】assignmentn.[C，U](分派的)工作，任务；[U](工作等的)分派，布置【即学即用】单句语法填空toteachassignments

(1)Theyvolunteeredtobeassigned________(teach)inruralareasbecausetheyareeagertohelpdevelopruraleducation. (2)Theteacherdemandedthatweshouldhandinour__________(assign)involvedintheprotectionofwildanimalstomorrow._3.abandonvt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃【典例】①Inviewofmypoorhealth,I'mconsideringabandoningsmokingsoon.鉴于我身体不好，我正在考虑尽快戒烟。

②Playingcomputergamesisharmfultoyourhealth.Don'tabandonyourselftothiskindofpleasure.玩电脑游戏对你的健康有害。不要沉溺于这种享乐中。

③Wesawtheabandonedfarmswhichwerebuiltmorethanahundredyearsago.我们看到了那些建于一百多年前的废弃农场。【归纳】abandondoingsth.放弃做某事abandononeselfto(doing)sth.使某人自己沉溺于(做)某事【点津】abandononeselfto中的to为介词，后跟名词、代词或v.-ing形式。【拓展】abandonedadj.被遗弃的；废弃的；放纵的(可作前置定语或表语)【即学即用】单句语法填空carryingabandoned

(1)Theyabandoned________(carry)outtheplanforlackofenoughmoney. (2)MrJohnsonlivedinthewoodswithhiswifeandchildren.Heownedafarm,whichlookedalmost__________(abandon).4.commitmentn.承诺；保证；奉献【典例】

①Takeadeeperlookatthepersonbehindthefacebeforeyoumakeacommitment.一定要在做出承诺前深入地了解这个人。 ②Hecommittedanunforgivableerrorinhandlingthisbusiness.他在处理这一业务时犯了一个不可原谅的错误。③Thegovernmentiscommittedtogreatlydevelopingeducationinthecountry.政府决心要大力发展本国的教育事业。【归纳】makeacommitment做出承诺【拓展】(1)commitvt.承诺；保证(某个人、机构等)vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等) commitacrime/anerror犯罪/错误

commitoneselfto(doing)sth.承诺做某事；致力于做某事

committo...忠于……

(2)committedadj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的

becommittedto(doing)sth.＝bedevoted/dedicatedto(doing)sth.致力于做某事

【即学即用】单句语法填空working

(1)Iwouldadvisepeopletothinkverycarefullyaboutcommittingthemselvesto________(work)Sundays. (2)Hemadea___________(commit)tohimselfthathewouldnevershowanyprejudicetocleaningwomen.commitment完成句子，每空一词commitacrime

(3)不经人允许使用他人的财物等于犯罪。

Tousesomeone'spropertywithoutpermissionisto________________________.1.turnsb.down拒绝(某人)【典例】①Couldyoupleaseturnuptheheat?Ifeelfreezingcold.你能把暖气调大点吗？我觉得冷得要命。

②Pleaseturnthevolumedown,

forIcan'tgetwhatmyfriendsaidonthephone.请把音量调低些，我都听不清我朋友在电话里说了些什么。【拓展】turndown调小；拒绝turnup调大；出现turnout证明；结果是turnover移交；翻身；翻阅

【即学即用】

单句语法填空

(1)Tomhadtoturn_________theinvitationtothepartylastweekendbecausehewastoobusy. (2)Ifeltalittleboredwithreadingthebook,justturning_________thepages. (3)Don'tworry.I'msureyourmissingglasseswillturn_______soonerorlater.downoverupout

(4)Unexpectedlytheweatherturned________prettynicethatday.2.holdon稍等；(打电话)别挂断；坚持住；继续【典例】①Intheearthquakethesurvivormanagedtoholdonuntilhelparrived.在地震中，幸存者设法坚持到救援到来。②Childrenshouldholdontotheirparents'handswhencrossingtheroad.儿童应该在过马路时抓紧父母的手。【拓展】holdonto抓紧；不放开；保留；坚持holdup举起；延迟，阻碍holdback隐瞒；控制holdout伸出catch/getholdof抓住，握着【即学即用】单句语法填空ofto

(1)Catchhold________everyopportunityandyouwillsucceedingettingwhatyouwant. (2)Holdon________yourdreamsandonedaytheymaycometrue.holdon

完成句子，每空一词

(3)他们坚信只要坚持一段时间，奇迹就会发生。

Theyholdthebeliefthatsolongasthey________________forawhile,amiraclewillhappen.3.giveoff放出(热、光、气味或气体)【典例】①Firefliesgiveoffflashesoflightwhentheyflyatnight.萤火虫夜间飞行时发出闪光。

②Hefinallygaveintohisdaughter'srepeatedrequeststofurtherhereducationabroad.对女儿再三请求到国外去深造，他最终让步了。【拓展】giveup(doing)sth.放弃(做)某事givein(to...)(向……)屈服/让步/投降giveaway赠送；泄露giveout分发；用完，用尽giveback归还，送回【即学即用】单句语法填空(1)Hegaveup________(teach)in2001,muchtotheregretofhisstudents.teaching完成句子，每空一词(2)要是塑料和橡胶被焚，就会放出有毒的气体。Ifplasticandrubberareburnt,they'll________________poisonousgases.giveoff(3)他假装不在乎，但那句话暴露了他对这件事的真实看法。Hepretendednottocarebutthatremark________________hisrealopiniononthematter.gaveaway1.Well,itsohappenedthatonemorningIboughtanewspaperandreadtheadvertisementabouttheAntarcticexpedition.(教材P38)哦，有一天早上我碰巧买了一份报纸，看到了南极探险的广告。

【剖析】本句是复合句，此句中it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。it(so)happenedthat...意为“碰巧……”。【典例】①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·完形填空)Ithappenedthattheplantdowntownneededeightkidsfortemporaryhelpduringourspringbreak,forwhichIhadnoplansbeyondlisteningtomyfavouriterecords.碰巧在我们春假期间，市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙，而我除了听我最喜欢的唱片之外没有别的计划。

②IthitmethatIhadbeenpayingattentiontowhatwasgoingwrongwithmyliferatherthanwhatwasright.我突然意识到我一直都在关注生活中错误的而不是正确的事情。【归纳】Ithappenedthat...碰巧……Ithit/struck/occurredtosb.that...某人突然想起……Itmakesnodifferencethat...……没有任何区别Itremainstobeseen...……有待于被关注Itturnedoutthat...结果是/证明是……

【即学即用】

单句语法填空

(1)Itoccurred________methatIcouldturntomyteacherforhelpandhewasalwayshelpful. (2)________makesnodifferencetomewhetherhewillgotothepartyor