GBT30981-2010紧固件机械性能螺栓螺钉和螺柱-英文

ICS21.060.10中华人民共和国国家标准NationalStandardofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaGB/T3098.1-2010ReplaceGB/T3098.1-2000紧固件机械性能螺栓，螺钉和螺柱Mechanicalpropertiesoffasteners—Bolts,screwsandstuds(ISO898-1:2009,Mechanicalpropertiesoffastenersmadeofcarbonsteelandalloysteel—Part1:Bolts,screwsandstudsspecifiedpropertyclasses—Coarsethreadandfinepitchthread,MOD)IssuedonJan.10,2011ImplementedonOct.01,2011IssuedbyGeneralAdministrationofQualitySupervision,InspectionandQuarantine(AQSIQ)ofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaandStandardizationAdministrationIssuedbyIForewordThispartofGB/T3098(hereafterreferredasthispart)isoneofnationalstandardmechanicalpropertiesoffastenersseriesstandard,whichincludes:—GB/T3098.1-2010Mechanicalpropertiesoffasteners–Bolts,screwsandstuds;—GB/T3098.2-2000Mechanicalpropertiesoffasteners–NutsCoarsethread;—GB/T3098.3-2000Mechanicalpropertiesoffasteners–Setscrews;—GB/T3098.4-2000Mechanicalpropertiesoffasteners–nutsfinepitchthread;—GB/T3098.5-2000Mechanicalpropertiesoffasteners–tappingscrews;—GB/T3098.6-2000Mechanicalpropertiesoffasteners–bolts,screwsandstudsmadeofstainless-steel;—GB/T3098.7-2000Mechanicalpropertiesoffasteners–Threadrollingscrews;—GB/T3098.8-2010Mechanicalpropertiesoffasteners–boltsconnectionusedat-200℃~+700℃;—GB/T3098.9-2010Mechanicalpropertiesoffasteners-Prevailingtorquetypesteelhexagonnuts;—GB/T3098.10-1993Mechanicalpropertiesoffasteners–Bolts,scrows,studsandnutsmadeofnon-ferrousmetals;—GB/T3098.11-2002Mechanicalpropertiesoffasteners–-Drillingscrewswithtappingscrewthread;—GB/T3098.12-1996Mechanicalpropertiesoffasteners--Coneproofloadtestonnuts;—GB/T3098.13-1996Mechanicalpropertiesoffasteners-Torsionaltestandminimumtorquesforboltsandscrewswithnominaldiameters1mmto10mm;—GB/T3098.14-2000Mechanicalpropertiesoffasteners-Wideningtestonnuts;—GB/T3098.15-2000Mechanicalpropertiesoffasteners–Nutsmadeofstainless-steel;—GB/T3098.16-2000Mechanicalpropertiesoffasteners–Setscrewsmadeofstainless-steel;—GB/T3098.17-1996Mechanicalpropertiesoffasteners–Parallelbearingsurfacemethod;—GB/T3098.18-2004Mechanicalpropertiesoffasteners–Blindrivetstesting;—GB/T3098.19-2004Mechanicalpropertiesoffasteners–Blindrivetswithbreakpullmandrel;—GB/T3098.20-2004Mechanicalpropertiesoffasteners–Wingnutswithspecifiedprooftorque;—GB/T3098.21-2008Mechanicalpropertiesoffasteners-Tappingscrewsofstainless-steel;—GB/T3098.22-2009Mechanicalpropertiesoffastenersmadeofthefinegrainnon-heattreatmentsteel—Bolts,screwsandstuds.Thispartispart1ofGB/T3098.ThispartismodifiedinrelationtoISO898-1:2009Mechanicalpropertiesoffastenersmadeofcarbonsteelandalloysteel—Part1:Bolts,screwsandstudsspecifiedpropertyclasses—Coarsethreadandfinepitchthread(Englishversion),andthemodificationsareasfollows:—Modifynameofthestandard;—Innormativereferences,nationalstandardinplaceofinternationalstandard(clause2);—AsforMarkofpropertyclassesspecifictofastenersusedforreducingloadabilityinISO898-1,itdoesnotconformtothestipulationinclause5,thusbeingcorrectedinthispart.(seetable10,table11andtable22);----ItisprovidedintheISO898-1thatthefractureofthefastenerswithda>d2shouldoccurwithinthelengthofunscrewedthread,itismodifiedinthispartthat:thefractureshouldoccurwithinthelengthofunscrewedthreadortheunthreadedrod(See8.2.1,.2and);----TheISO898-1didnotspecifythebladeradiusofpendulumusedintheimpacttest,itisprovidedinthispartthat:thebladeradiusofpendulumshallbe2mm(See9.14.5).ThispartreplacesGB/T3098.1-2000Mechanicalpropertiesoffasteners–Bolts,screwsandstuds.ComparedwithGB/T3098.1-2000,themainchangesinthispartareasfollows:—Addnewtermsanddefinitions(clause3);—Updatecomprehensivelycodesandtermsformechanicalandphysicalproperties(clause4~9);—Addmark,sign,basictypeandapplicabletestmethodsofpropertyclassesoffastenersreducingloadability(clause5,subclause10.4,8.2.2,8.6.1,and8.6.2.);----Ofthematerialsusedtomanufacturethefasteners:itshallbetheCarbonsteelorcarbonsteeladdedwithelementsforGrade4.6~6.8;itshallbethecarbonsteeladdedwithelementsaddedforGrade8.8~12.8,anditshallsubstitutetheLowcarbonalloysteelasprovidedintheoldstandard(SeeTable2);—Addanoteformaterialsusedforfastenersinclause6:Sincesomechemicalelementsarerestrictedbyseveralnationallawsandregulationsorforbiddentouse,itshallbenotedwheninvolvedinrelevantnationsandregions;----ItisaddedinChapter6:TherequirementsforthefastenermaterialsasgivenintheGB/T5267.3areapplicabletothehotdipgalvanizedfastener;—Cancelclasses3.6and10.9,addclass12.9,modifiedclasss12.9(clauses6and7);—Doesnotspecifythemaximumcontentofboronforclasses4.6~6.8;—SpecifythemaximumcontentofPandStobe0.025%forclasses8.8~12.9;—Addtherequirementsthatitshallbecautiousifclass12.9isused(seetable2,subscripti);—Modifyabsorbedenergyindexandimpulsetestmethod(seetable3andsubclause9.14);—Canceltables4and5inpreviousstandard,butspecifytwotestseries(group)(clause8);—Addthestipulationthatthemanufacturer,supplieranddemandercanselecttheirrespectivemethodtocontroltheproductquality(seesubclauses8.3,8.4and8.5);—Addtherequirementsfortestmachine(seesubclause9.2.3etc.);—Addexamplesfortensiletestequipment(seefigure2);III----Ithasaddedtherequirementsforthethreadintheinternalthreadfixturesusedinthewedgeloadtestandtensiletest(SeeTable14);----Ithasaddedtheindexesandtestmethodsfordeterminationofelongationafterfracture(Ai)andnon-proportionalextensionstress(Rpi)bythetensiletestonmaterialobjects(SeeChapter9andAppendixC);----IthascancelledtheAppendixAofoldstandard:Yieldpointunderhightemperatureorthespecifiednon-proportionalextensionstres—Addinformativeannextherelationbetweentensilestrengthandelongationafterfractureandtheinfluenceofhightemperatureinmechanicalpropertyoffasteners(seeannexesAandB).Inthispart,annexesA~Careinformative.ThispartwasproposedbyChinaMachine-BuildingIndustryAssociation.ThispartisunderthejurisdictionofNationalTechnicalCommitteeofStandardizationforFasteners(SAC/TC85).Draftingorganizationofthispart:ZhongjiProductivityPromotionCenterThedraftingunitsofthispartinclude:theMachineryIndustryUniversalPartsProductQualitySupervisionandTestingCenter,ShanghaiShenguangHigh-StrengthBoltsCo.,Ltd.,ShanghaiJinmaHigh-StrengthFastenersCo.,Ltd.,HebeiXindeElectricPowerPartsCo.,Ltd.,NingboJiulongFastenersManufacturingCo.,Ltd.,NingboEastPortFastenersManufacturingCo.,Ltd.,JinyiIndustrialCo.,Ltd.,NationalStandardPartsProductQualitySupervisionandInspectionCenter,RuianCityRuiqiangStandardPartsCo.,Ltd.,ShandongHigh-StrengthFastenersCo.,Ltd.,Ma’anshanIron&SteelCo.,Ltd.,DongfengAutomobileFastenersCo.,Ltd.,FawerAutomotivePartsCo.,Ltd.StandardPartsBranch,theShanghaiBiaowuHigh-StrengthFastenersCo.,Ltd.andNingboZhongjiMechanicalPartsTestingCo.,Ltd.TheSecretariatofNationalTechnicalCommitteeofStandardizationforFastenersisresponsiblefortheinterpretationofthispart.Thereleasingconditionsofthepreviousversionsofthestandardsreplacedbythisstandardareasfollows:—GB3098.1-1982,GB/T3098.1-2000.1Mechanicalpropertiesoffasteners—Bolts,screwsandstuds1ScopeThispartofGB/T3098specifiesmechanicalandphysicalpropertiesofbolts,screwsandstudsmadeofcarbonsteelandalloysteelwhentestedatanambienttemperaturerangeof10°Cto35°C.Fasteners—thetermusedwhenbolts,screwsandstudsareconsideredalltogether—thatconformtothetechnicalrequirementsofthispartareevaluatedatthatambienttemperaturerange.Theymightnotretainthespecifiedmechanicalandphysicalpropertiesatelevatedtemperatures(seeAnnexB)and/orlowertemperatures.NOTE1Fastenersconformingtotherequirementsofthispartareusedinapplicationsrangingfrom-50°Cto+150°C.Usersareadvisedtoconsultanexperiencedfastenermetallurgistfortemperaturesoutsidetherangeof-50°Cto+150°Canduptoamaximumtemperatureof+300°Cwhendeterminingappropriatechoicesforagivenapplication.NOTE2Informationfortheselectionandapplicationofsteelsforuseatlowerandelevatedtemperaturesisgiven,forexample,inEN10269,ASTMF2281andinASTMA320/A320M.Certainfastenersmightnotfulfilthetensileortorsionalrequirementsofthispartofbecausethegeometryoftheirheadsreducestheshearareaintheheadcomparedtothestressareainthethread.Theseincludefastenershavingalowhead,withorwithoutexternaldrivingfeature,alowroundorcylindricalheadwithinternaldrivingfeatureoracountersunkheadwithinternaldrivingfeature(see8.2).Thispartisapplicabletofasteners:a)Madeofcarbonsteeloralloysteel,b)CommonscrewthreadwhichconformstoGB/T192;c)CoarsethreadM1.6~M39;finepitchthreadM8×1~M39×3;d)Withdiameter/pitchcombinationsaccordingtoGB/T193;e)ConformtotolerancesstipulatedinGB/T197,GB/T9145andGB/T22029.Itisnotapplicabletosetscrewsandsimilarthreadedfastenersnotundertensilestresses(seeGB/T3098.3).Itdoesnotspecifyrequirementsforsuchpropertiesas—weldability,—Corrosionresistance,2—Resistancetoshearstress,—torque/clampforceperformance,or—fatigueresistance.2NormativereferencesThefollowingreferenceddocumentsareindispensablefortheapplicationofthisdocument.Fordatedreferences,onlytheeditioncitedapplies.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthereferenceddocument(includinganyamendments)applies.GB/T90.3Fasteners–Qualityguaranteesystem(GB/T90.3—2010,ISO16426:2002,IDT)GB/T192generalpurposemetricscrewthreads–Basicprofile(ISO68-1:1998,ISOgeneralpurposescrewthreads—Basicprofile—Part1;Metricscrewthreads,MOD)GB/T193generalpurposemetricscrewthreads–thediameter/pitchseries(ISO261:1998,ISOgeneralpurpose,metricscrewthreads—Generalplan,MOD)GB/T196generalpurposemetricscrewthreads–basicdimension(ISO724:1993,ISOgeneralpurposemetricscrewthreads—Basicdimensions,MOD)GB/T197generalpurposemetricscrewthreads–tolerance(ISO965-1:1998,ISOgeneralpurposemetricscrewthreads—Tolerances—Part1:Principlesandbasicdata,MOD)GB/T228.1metalmaterials–tensiletest–part1:Methodoftestatambienttemperature(GB/T228.1—2010,ISO6892-1:2009,MOD)GB/T229Metallicmaterials-Charpypendulumimpacttestmethod(GB/T229—2007,ISO148-1:2006,MOD)GB/T230.1Metallicmaterials-Rockwellhardnesstest-Part1:Testmethod(A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,K,N,Tscale)(GB/T230.1—2009,ISO6508-1:2005,MOD)(GB/T231.1-2009,ISO6508-1:2005,MOD)GB/T230.1Metallicmaterials-Rockwellhardnesstest-Part1:Testmethod(GB/T231.1-2009,ISO6506-1:2005,MOD)GB/T3098.2Mechanicalpropertyoffasteners–nuts-coarsethread(GB/T3098.2—2000,idtISO898-2:1992)GB/T3098.3mechanicalpropertyoffasteners–setscrews(GB/T3098.3—2000,idtISO898-5:1998)GB/T3098.13Mechanicalpropertiesoffasteners--Torsionaltestandminimumtorquesforbolts3andscrewswithnominaldiameters1mmto10mm(GB/T3098.13—1996,idtISO898-7,1992)GB/T4340.1Metallicmaterials—Vickershardnesstest—Part1:Testmethod(GB/T4340.1—2009,ISO65071:2005,MOD)GB/T5267.1fasteners-electroplatedlayer(GB/T5267.1—2002,ISO4042:1999,IDT)GB/T5267.2Fasteners－Non-electrolyticallyappliedzincflakecoatings(GB/T5267.2—2002,ISO10683:2000,IDT)GB/T5267.3Fasteners-Hotdipgalvanizedcoatings(GB/T5267.3-2008,ISO10684:2004,IDT)GB/T5276Fasteners;Bolts,screws,studsandnuts;Symbolsanddesignationsofdimensions(GB/T5276—1985,eqvISO225:1983)GB/T5277Fasteners;Clearanceholesforboltsandscrews(GB/T5277—1985,eqvISO273:1979)GB/T5779.1Fasteners-Surfacediscontinuities-Bolts,screwsandstudsforgeneralrequirements(GB/T5779.1—2000,idtISO6157-1:1988)GB/T5779.3Fasteners-Surfacediscontinuities-Bolts,screwsandstudsforparticularrequirements(GB/T5779.3—2000,idtISO6157-3:1988)GB/T9144Generalpurposemetricscrewthreads—Preferableplan(GB/T9144—2003,ISO262:1998,ISOgeneralpurposemetricscrewthreads—Selectedsizesforscrews,boltsandnuts,MOD)GB/T9145Generalpurposemetricscrewthreads—Limitsofsizesforthescrewthreadsofmediumqualityandpreferableplan(GB/T9145—2003,ISO965-2:1998,ISOgeneralpurposemetricscrewthreads—Tolerances—Part2:Limitsofsizesforgeneralpurposeexternalandinternalscrewthreads—Mediumquality,MOD)GB/T16825.1-2002Verificationofstaticuniaxialtestingmachines-Part1:Tension/compressiontestingmachies-Verificationandcalibrationoftheforce-measuringsystem(ISO7500-1:2004,IDT)GB/T22029Hot-dipgalvanizedscrewthreads-Onexternalscrewthreadsthereistheclearanceforaccommodatingthehot-dipgalvanizedcoat(GB/T22029—2008,ISO965-4:1998,ISOgeneralpurposemetricscrewthreads-Tolerances—Part4:Limitsofsizesforhot-dipgalvanizedexternalscrewthreadstomatewithinternalscrewthreadstappedwithtolerancepositionHorGaftergalvanizing,MOD)ISO4885:1996Ferrousproducts—Herttreatments-Vocabulary43TermsanddefinitionsForthepurposesofthisdocument,thefollowingtermsanddefinitionsapply.3.1FinishedfastenerFastenerforwhichallmanufacturingstepshavebeencompleted,withorwithoutanysurfacecoatingandwithfullorreducedloadability,andwhichhasnotbeenmachinedintoatestpiece3.2MachinedtestpieceTestpiecemachinedfromafastenertoevaluatematerialproperties3.3Full-sizefastenerFinishedfastenerwithashankdiameterofds≈dords>d,orscrewthreadedtothehead,orfullythreadedstud3.4FastenerwithwaistedshankFinishedfastenerwithashankdiameterofds<d23.5BasemetalhardnessHardnessclosesttothesurface(whentraversingfromcoretooutsidediameter)justbeforeanincreaseordecreaseoccurs,denoting,respectively,carburizationordecarburization3.6DecarburizationDepletionofcarbonfromthesurfacelayerofaferrousproduct[ISO4885:1996]3.7PartialdecarburizationDecarburizationwithlossofcarbonsufficienttocausealightershadeoftemperedmartensiteandsignificantlylowerhardnessthanthatoftheadjacentbasemetalwithout,however,showingferritegrainsundermetallographicexamination3.8CompletedecarburizationDecarburizationwithsufficientcarbonlosstoshowthepresenceofclearlydefinedferritegrainsundermetallographicexamination3.9CarburizationResultofincreasingsurfacecarbontocontentabovethatofthebasemetal54SymbolsandabbreviatedtermsForthepurposesofthisdocument,thesymbolsandabbreviatedtermsgiveninGB/T5267andGB/T197andthefollowing,apply.APercentageelongationafterfracture(ofmachinedtestpiece),%AfElongationafterfractureforfull-sizefastenerAs,nomNominalstressareainthread,mm2AdsCrosssectionalareaofwaistedshank,mm2bThreadlength,mmbmThreadlengthofstud(metal)end,mmdNominalthreaddiameter,mmdoDiameterofmachinedtestpiece,mmd1Basicminordiameterofexternalthread,mmd2Basicpitchdiameterofexternalthread,mmd3Minordiameterofexternalthread,mmdaTransitiondiameter(internaldiameterofthebearingface),mmdhHolediameterofwedgeorblock,mmdsDiameterofunthreadedshank,mmEHeightofnon-decarburizedzoneinthread,mmFmUltimatetensileload,NFm,minMinimumultimatetensileload,NFpProofload,NFpfLoadat0.0048dnon-proportionalelongationforfull-sizefastener,NGDepthofcompletedecarburizationinthread,mmHHeightoffundamentaltriangle,mm6HHeightofexternalthreadinmaximummaterialcondition,mmkHeightofthehead,mmKVAbsorptionofimpactenergybytheVnotchsample,JlNominallength,mmloTotallengthoffastenerbeforeloading,mml1Totallengthoffastenerafterfirstunloading,mml2Totallengthoffasteneraftersecondunloading,mmlsLengthofunthreadedshank,mmltOveralllengthofstud,mmlthFreethreadedlengthoffastenerintestingdevice,mmLcLengthofstraightportion(ofmachinedtestpiece),mmLoOriginalgaugelength(ofmachinedtestpiece),mmLtTotallengthofmachinedtestpiece,mmLuFinalgaugelength(ofmachinedtestpiece),mmΔLpPlasticelongation,mmMBBreakingtorque,NmPPitchofthread,mmrFilletradius,mmReLLoweryieldstrengthformachinedtestpiece,MPaRmTensilestrength,MPaRP0.2Stressat0.2%non-proportionalelongationformachinedtestpiece,MPaRPfStressat0.0048dnon-proportionalelongationforfull-sizefastener,MPasWidthacrossflats,mmSoCross-sectionalareaofmachinedtestpiecebeforetensiletest,mm27SPStressunderproofload,MPaSuCross-sectionalareaofmachinedtestpieceafterfracture,mm2ZPercentagereductionofareaafterfractureformachinedtestpiece,%aWedgeanglefortensiletestunderwedgeloadingAngleofthesolidblockforheadsoundnesstest5DesignationsystemsforpropertyclassesThesymbolforpropertyclassesofbolts,screws,andstudsconsistsoftwonumbers,separatedbyadot(seeTables1to3):—thenumbertotheleftofthedotconsistsofoneortwodigitsandindicates1/100ofthenominaltensilestrength,Rm,nom,inmegapascals(seeTable3,No.1);—thenumbertotherightofthedotindicates10timestheratiobetweenthenominalyieldstrength(loweryieldstrength),ReL,nom,ornominalstressat0.2%non-proportionalelongation,RP0.2,nom,ornominalstressat0.0048dnon-proportionalelongation,RPf,nom(seeTable3,Nos.2to4),andthenominaltensilestrength,Rmnom,asspecifiedinTable1.Table1—RatioofnominalyieldstrengthandnominaltensilestrengthNumberrightofdotEXAMPLEAfastenerofnominaltensilestrengthRm,nom=800MPaandwithayieldstrengthratioof0.8hasthepropertyclassdesignation8.8.Afastenerwiththesamematerialpropertiesbutwithreducedloadabilityisdesignatedby08.8(see10.4).Themultiplicationofthenominaltensilestrengthandtheyieldstrengthratiogivesthenominalyieldstrengthinmegapascals(MPa).InformationontherelationshipbetweenthenominaltensilestrengthandelongationafterfractureforeachpropertyclassisgiveninAnnexA.Markingandlabellingofbolts,screwsandstudswithpropertyclassesshallbeasspecifiedin10.3.Forfastenerswithreducedloadability,specificmarkingsymbolsarespecifiedin10.4.Thedesignationsystemofthispartmaybeappliedforsizesoutsidethescopeofthispart(e.g.d>39mm),providedallapplicablerequirementsinaccordancewithTables2and3aremet.86MaterialsTable2specifieslimitsforthechemicalcompositionofsteelsandminimumtemperingtemperaturesforthedifferentpropertyclassesofbolts,screwsandstuds.Thechemicalcompositionshallbeassessedinaccordancewiththerelevantnationalstandards.NOTENationalregulationsfortherestrictionorprohibitionofcertainchemicalelementswillalsohavetobetakenintoaccountinthecountriesorregionsconcerned.Forfastenersthataretobehotdipgalvanized,thematerialrequirementsgiveninclause4ofGB/T5267.3apply.1Table2—SteelsPropertyclassMaterialandheattreatmentChemicalcompositionlimits(castanalysis,%)aTemperingtemperature°Cmin.CPSBbminmaxmaxmaxmax4.6c,dCarbonsteelorcarbonsteelwithadditives 0.550.0500.060 4.8d5.6c0.550.0500.0605.8d 0.550.0500.0606.8d0.550.0500.0608.8fCarbonsteelwithadditives(e.g.BoronorMnorCr)quenchedandtemperedor0.400.0250.0250.003425Carbonsteelquenchedandtemperedor0.250.550.0250.025Alloysteelquenchedandtemperedg0.200.550.0250.0259.8fCarbonsteelwithadditives(e.g.BoronorMnorCr)quenchedandtemperedor0.400.0250.0250.003425Carbonsteelquenchedandtemperedor0.250.550.0250.025Alloysteelquenchedandtemperedg0.200.550.0250.02510.9fCarbonsteelwithadditives(e.g.BoronorMnorCr)quenchedandtemperedor0.20e0.550.0250.0250.003425Carbonsteelquenchedandtemperedor0.250.550.0250.025Alloysteelquenchedandtemperedg0.200.550.0250.02512.9f,h,IAlloysteelquenchedandtemperedg0.300.500.0250.0250.00342512.9f,h,ICarbonsteelwithadditives(e.g.BoronorMnorCrorMolybdenum)quenchedandtempered0.280.500.0250.0250.003380aIncaseofdispute,theproductanalysisapplies.bBoroncontentcanreach0.005%,providedthatnon-effectiveboroniscontrolledbyadditionoftitaniumand/oraluminium.cForcoldforgedfastenersofpropertyclasses4.6and5.6,heattreatmentofthewireusedforcoldforgingorofthecoldforgedfasteneritselfmaybenecessarytoachieverequiredductility.dFreecuttingsteelisallowedforthesepropertyclasseswiththefollowingmaximumsulphur,phosphorusandleadcontents:sulphur0.34%;phosphorus0.11%;lead0.35%.deIncaseofplaincarbonboronsteelwithacarboncontentbelow0.25%(castanalysis),theminimummanganesecontentshallbe0.6%forpropertyclass8.8and0.7%for9.8and10.9.fForthematerialsofthesepropertyclasses,thereshallbeasufficienthardenabilitytoensureastructureconsistingofapproximately90%martensiteinthecoreofthethreadedsectionsforthefastenersinthe"as-hardened"conditionbeforetempering.fgThisalloysteelshallcontainatleastoneofthefollowingelementsintheminimumquantitygiven:chromium0.30%,nickel0.30%,molybdenum0.20%,vanadium0.10%.Whereelementsarespecifiedincombinationsoftwo,threeorfourandhavealloycontentslessthanthosegivenabove,thelimitvaluetobeappliedforsteelclassdeterminationis70%ofthesumofthe2PropertyclassMaterialandheattreatmentChemicalcompositionlimits(castanalysis,%)aTemperingtemperature°Cmin.CPSBbminmaxmaxmaxmaxindividuallimitvaluesshownaboveforthetwo,threeorfourelementsconcerned.hiAmetallographicallydetectablewhitephosphorusenrichedlayerisnotpermittedforpropertyclass12.9/12.9.ItshallbedetectedbyasuitabletesthiCautionisadvisedwhentheuseofpropertyclass12.9/12.9isconsidered.Thecapabilityofthefastenermanufacturer,theserviceconditionsandthewrenchingmethodsshouldbeconsidered.Environmentsmaycausestresscorrosioncrackingoffastenersasprocessedaswellasthosecoated.7MechanicalandphysicalpropertiesThefastenersofthespecifiedpropertyclassesshall,atambienttemperature1),meetalltheapplicablemechanicalandphysicalpropertiesaccordingtoTables3to7,regardlessofwhichtestsareperformedduringmanufacturingorfinalinspection.Clause8setsforththeapplicabilityoftestmethodsforverifyingthatfastenersofdifferenttypesanddimensionsfulfilthepropertiesaccordingtoTable3andTables4to7.NOTE1EvenifthesteelpropertiesofthefastenersmeetallrelevantrequirementsspecifiedinTables2and3,sometypesoffastenershavereducedloadabilityduetodimensionalreasons(see8.2,9.4and9.5).NOTE2Althoughagreatnumberofpropertyclassesarespecifiedinthispart,thisdoesnotmeanthatallclassesareappropriateforallfasteners.Thespecificpropertyclassesgivenintherelevantproductstandardsarecanbereferredfornon-standardfasteners.1Impactstrengthistestedatatemperatureof-20°C(see9.14).1Table3—Mechanicalandphysicalpropertiesofbolts,screwsandstudsNo.MechanicalorphysicalpropertyPropertyclassmm10.912.9/12.9D≤16mmaD>16mmb1Tensilestrength,Rm/MPacnom.400500600900min.4004205005206009002Loweryieldstrength,ReLd,MPacnom.240 300min.240 3003Stressat0.2%non-proportionalelongation,RP0.2/MPacnom.640640720900min.6406607209404Stressat0.0048dnon-proportionalelongationforfull-sizefasteners,RPf/MPacnom. 320 400480 min. 340e 420e480e 5Stressunderproofload,SPf/MPanom.225310280380440580600650970ProofstrengthratioSpnom/ReLminorSpnom/Rp0.2minorSp,nom/RPfmin0.940.910.930.900.920.910.910.900.880.886Percentageelongationafterfractureformachinedtestpieces,A/%min.22 20 987Percentagereductionofareaafterfractureformachinedtestpieces,Z/%min.—4848442No.MechanicalorphysicalpropertyPropertyclassmm10.912.9/12.9D≤16mmaD>16mmb8Elongationafterfractureforfull-sizefasteners,Af(seealsoAnnexC)min. 0.24 0.220.20 9HeadsoundnessNofractureorcrackingTable3(continued)No.Mechan