缅甸实施贸易便利化措施的经验

Myanmar'sExperienceonImplementationofTradeFacilitationMeasuresPresentedByMr.MyoOoDeputyDirectorGeneralMinistryofCommerceMyanmarMyanmarisafoundermemberofGATT

asignatorymemberofWTO-amemberofRegionalgroupings -ASEAN -GMS -BIMST-EC -ACMECSINTRODUCTIONInternational®ionalorganizationsinvolvedinTradeFacilitationUNESCAPUNCTADWTOASEANGMS MyanmarhasbeenimplementingtheobligationsoftheaboveorganizationsrelatedtoTRADEFACILITATION

GATTArticlesV,VIII,XGATTArticleV(FreedomofTransit)GATTArticleVIII(Fees&Formalitiesconnectedwithimport&export)GATTArticleX(Publication&AdministrationofTradeRegulations)AsaWTOmember,MyanmarhasbeencommittedtoimplementtheabovethreeGATTArticles;AsanASEANmember,AFTAhasbeenimplementedbygeneratingtheeliminationoftariffs&NTBstofacilitatetrade;AsregardstoGMS,AgreementonCrossBorderMovementofGoods&PeoplewassignedandratifiedbythemembercountriesInitialimplementationofTradeFacilitationsinceearly1989,MyanmarhaschangeditseconomiccoursefromcentrallyplannedtomarketorientedsystemseriesofstructuralreformshadbeenintroducedasinitialtradefacilitationmeasuresTradeReformsencourageprivatesectordevelopmentallowingFDIinstitutionalchangespracticednewfinancialmanagementstreamliningtaxes&dutiespromoteexternaltradebyimprovingexport/importproceduresimprovinginfra-structuresupportGATTArticleV

(freedomoftransit)transittradehasbeenallowedIn1996,DepartmentofBorderTradewasformedOpenbordercheckpointsalongtheborderareaswithneighbouringcountriesonestopservice(oss)hasbeenestablishedin13bordercheckpointsforsimplifiedandstandardizedcargoclearanceproceduresincollaborationwithCustom,RevenueDept:BankingInstitutionMyanmarChinaBorderCheckPointGATTArticleV(contd)

tobeinlinewithinternationalbestpractices,X-RaymachineisnowunderwaytoinstallforspeedyinspectionofcargodesignatedtwoborderpostsasapilotsitesforimplementationofSINGLEWINDOWINSPECTION;AsamediumofexchangenotonlyUS$hasbeenallowedbutalsolocalcurrenciesforbordertradetransactions;Forspeedypaymentmechanism,branchesofmajorbankhasbeenopenedatborderposts.SinceMyanmarbecameamemberoftheWCOin1991,ithasintroducedthereformmeasuresinthecustomsadministrationinordertosimplifyandharmonizethecustomsproceduresanddocuments.

GATTArticleV(contd)

CustomInitiativestransformationofexportandimportdivisionundertheCustomsDepartmentintoaonestopservicestation.applicationofDeclarationFormsaccordingtotheUNLayout.simplificationofcustomsclearanceprocedures.restructuringofcargoexaminationprocedure.establishmentofcustomstransittradesystem.MajorInitiatives(contd)adoptionoftheinwardprocessingprocedureassuggestedbytheKyotoConvention.securityinitiativeforcontainerizedcargoes.establishmentofCustomswebsiteincooperationwithASEANSecretariat.preparationfortheASEANSingleWindow.GATTArticleVIII

(Fees&Formalities)needtoapplyexport/importlicensesexportlicensefeesisnotpayableimportlicensefeesispayablereasonableratebasedoninvoicevaluetocoverdocumentadministrationcostnotasrevenuenoquantitativerestrictiononexport/importbutimportisallowedagainstexportearningsthemoretheywanttoimport,themoretheyhavetoexport;itsupportsexportpromotion;GATTArticleVIII

(contd)

Majorexportitemsareagroproducts,marine&forestproductsrequiredformalitiesaredoneaccordingtotherequestofimportingcountriesMainimportitemsarecapitalgoods,constructionmaterials,machinery&pharmaceuticalsdocumentationissimplified&reducingrequirementsHowever,duetoFDArules,forsafetyreason,importedpharmaceuticalsarerequiredtoregisterSomefooditemslikerice,cookingoiltemporaryquantitativemeasurehasbeenappliedduetodomesticselfsufficiencyGATTArticleX(Publications&administrationoftraderegulations)Sinceinitialreformmeasures,publicationsonlaw,rules,regulations&proceduresregardinginvestment,import,export,custom&taxationhavebeenmade;aligntradedocumentationformatinlinewithUNlayoutkey;periodicalnotifications,orders,informationaremadetransparencythroughMoCpublicationssuchasTradeNews,

Commercejournalandalsooncommercewebsite;http//.mmwww.MyanmartradeN.mm

whichisaMyanmartradeportalisnowunderconstruction

UNESCAPProjectUNSCAPinitiatedaproject"AlignmentoftradedocumentofCambodia,Myanmar&Vietnam"publishingguidebookandalreadyrelayedtodepartmentsconcerneduseasaguidetoalign&simplifytradedocumentsPublicationonExport/Importrules®ulationsSomePublications

MinistryofCommercewebsiteMyanmartradeNetwebsiteCommerceJournalChallenges&issuesinimplementingtradefacilitationmultiplecostofimplementationtoreducethecostoftrade;majorcostconsumingsectorsare;infrastructuredevelopmenthumanresourcedevelopmentdevelopmentofmechanismfortradefacilitationinstitutionalreformsChallenges&issues(contd)inadequatecapacityisamajorchallengerequiresassistancenotintermsoftechnicalbutalsofinancialtheassistancesprovidedareonlyforawarenessandacknowledgementofadvantageoftradefacilitationwithoutpracticalimplementationCompetitivenessisabigchallengefacedbyourexporterssupplysideconstraint;theymuchdependonfewitemsofexportsWeaknessestoidentifynewproductstonewmarketsMyanmarexportershavesomeweaknesseslimitedcapacitytoproduceforexport;lackofexportdiversificationintohighvalue-added,processedandmanufacturedgoods;stringentquality&standardrequirements;exportproducenotmatchedbymarketdemand;inadequatecomprehensiveforeignmarketinformation;lackofskilledmanpowerandinstitutionalcapacities;lackoftechnologicalcapacity&technicalknow-howlackoffinancial&marketingcapabilityISSUESFreedomoftransit,cannotbeentirelyfacilitatedduetopoliticalandsocialr