Unit3-Diction-9.25-翻译理论和实践市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件

Unit2Diction（选词法）1/32☆Decidethemeaningsof“THATs”andtranslatethesentence.Thatthatis,is;thatthatisnot,isnot;butthatthatisnot,isnotthatthatis;noristhatthatisthatthatisnot.实者实，虚者虚，虚非实，实非虚。是即是，非即非…………2/32Pre-classQuestionsWhatisDiction?Doesthemeaningofawordequalstothedictionarydefinition?Howdoyouconsidertheviewpoint—“Wordsdonothavemeanings;peoplehavemeaningsforwords”?HowtodeterminethemeaningofawordinE-Ctranslation?3/32TheoreticalGround

1.Translatingmeanstranslatingmeaning.(EugeneA.Nida,FromOneLanguagetoAnother,1986)2.TheLargestQuantityoftranslationinatextisdoneattheleveloftheword.(PeterNewmark,ATextBookofTranslation,1988)4/323.1ChoiceofGrammaticalMeaningsThesameword,whenusedasdifferentpartsofspeechandplayingdifferentrolesinasentence,hasdifferentmeaning.1.Takethecartbacktothebackyardandbackitintotheshedatthebackofthestable.把牛拉回到后院，再把它倒到牛棚后面小屋去。2.Isawhimsawwithasawinasawmill.我看见他在锯木厂用一把锯子在锯东西。5/323.Wishesfatherthoughts.(JohnGalsworthy:TheForsyteSaga)愿望为思想之父。Thechildisfatheroftheman.从小看大。4.“Whatdoyoudowithsomanyapples?”“Weeatwhatwecanandwhatwecan’twecan.”“这么多苹果，你们要怎么办？”“我们尽可能吃，吃不完就拿来做罐头。”6/323.2ChoiceofContextualMeaningsQuestion:WhatisthemeaningofMeaning?WhatistheaveragenumberofthemeaningsforPower?意义：指称意义、言内意义、语用意义。PleasedeterminefromthecontexttheexactmeaningofPowerineachsentence(Drills3.3,P.72),andchooseanappropriateequivalentoneinChinese.7/321.Iwilldoeverythingwithinmypowertoassistyou.我愿意尽力来帮助你。2.Thenewkinescopehasaresolvingpowerof800lines.这种新型显像管分辨率为800行。3.Basically,allpoweriswiththepeople.从根本上说，一切权利属于人民。8/324.Politicalpowergrowsoutofthebarrelofagun.枪杆子里面出政权。5.Chinahasafewnuclearweapons,butitwillneverjointheso-calledclubofnuclearpowers.中国有一点核武器，但中国决不参加所谓核大国俱乐部。6.Thesurfaceofceramicsmustbecheckedbyexaminationundera20-powerbinocularmicroscope.陶瓷表面必须用20倍双筒显微镜加以检验。9/327.Thetransistorcangofromanoffconditiontoanonconditionwithgreatspeedandminimalpower.晶体管能以极快速度和极小功率由关状态转到开状态。8.Thepowersubsystemofthecommunicationfacilitymustprovideaflowofcurrentundercontrolledconditionsofvoltageandload.通讯设施电源分系统应在电压和负荷受控制情况下供电。10/32Reflection:What’sthedifferenceofmeaningsbetweenChinesewordsandEnglishones?英语词义：较概括，较灵活，范围很宽汉语词义：较详细，较凝滞，范围较窄11/323.3ChoiceofCollocativeMeaningsTranslatethefollowing,payingattentiontothecollocation(Drills3.4,P.73).Good(adj.)goodmannersgoodhumoragoodkinggoodliving得体举止愉快心情；好脾气公正国王考究吃喝生活12/32agoodCatholicgoodeggsgoodsoilagooddebtagoodhouragoodquestiongoodsenseagoodeaterandagoodsleeper虔诚天主教徒新鲜鸡蛋肥沃土壤有把握收回债整整一小时不易回答问题；难以马上回答问题正确判断力；处理世纪问题智慧；理智能吃能睡人13/32小结：1.英语学习到了高级阶段，就词汇而言，能够说没有上下文就没有词义（nocontext,notext)。既然“义寓于文”就必须“以文明义”，即依据上下文逻辑关系、层次条理、前后呼应确定词详细涵义。2.Eachwordwhenusedinanewcontextisanewword.—Firth14/323.4ChoiceofAffectiveMeaningsQuestion:Whatistheimportanceofaffectivemeaningstotranslation?Canyougivesomeexamples?Compareandtranslatethefollowing:15/32Story①Thestoryoftheheroisextremelymoving.英雄事迹是极为感人。②Hestoriedabouthisage.

他捏造年纪。③Thatfacemusthaveastorybelongingtoit.

那张脸成这个模样，背后必有文章。④Therealstorywasmadepublic.

真相大白。（水落石出。）⑤Whatastory!Idon’tbelieveawordofit.

弥天大谎！我只字不信。16/32小结：Agoodtranslatorshouldrepresentnotonlytheoriginalthoughtbutalsotheoriginalstyleinthetargetlanguage.Thatiscalled“意似，形似，神似”.17/323.5ChoiceofExtendedMeaningsQuestion:Howtoextendthemeaningwhenamechanicaltranslationisunintelligibletothereaders?Canyougivesomeexamples?18/32Translatethefollowing,extendingthemeaningsofthewordsinitalics(Drills3.7,P.84):1.OnAshurttherehadnowcomeafeelingofparalysis.(TheAppleTree)这时间阿舍特却不知道怎么办才好（呆若木鸡）。(concrete→abstract)19/322.TheMalianpeople,inspiteoftheirgeographicalconfinement,havealreadygiventheproofthattheyaredeterminedtofaceallthedifficultiesandthenecessarysacrificestosafeguardtheirdignity.尽管从地理上说，马里人处于一个内陆国，但为了捍卫自己尊严，他们已证实有决心去面对一切困难和必要牺牲。(abstract→specific)3.Thepenismightierthanthesword.笔杆子比枪杆子厉害/文能制武。(abstract→concrete)20/324.Veniceisthechildofherowntumultuous(喧嚣)past.(C.Lucas:AValentineforVenice)威尼斯之所以演变成现在这种情况，是因为其本身混乱过去造成。(昔日乱世造成了今天威尼斯。)(concrete→abstract)5.OnceshewonderedwhetherheroutspokennessmightbealiabilitytoFranklin.(TheGloryandtheDream)她一度怀疑自己那么心直口快，是否会成为富兰克林包袱（累赘）。(abstract→concrete)21/323.6ChoiceofStylisticMeaningsQuestion:Howdostylisticsynonymsindifferentsettingsinfluencedictionintranslation?Canyougivesomeexamples?Analyzetheexamplesfrompp.76-7922/32Reflection:Comparethefollowingtranslations,andpointoutwhichispreferredforkeepingitsoriginalstyle.(Examples&Drills3.5a)Studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.Theirchiefusefordelight,isinprivatenessandretiring;forornament,isindiscourse;andforability,isinthejudgmentanddispositionofbusiness.(FrancisBacon:OfStudies,159723/32①读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。（王佐良译）②读书使人感觉高兴，使人富有光彩，使人增加才能。其高兴之处，主要在于独处休闲之时，其光彩之处，主要显于社交交谈之时；其才能之处，主要见于判断处事之时。点评：①采取文言词语和句法解构，典雅畅达，效果毕肖，“文体如之”，追求神似、形似。24/322.退休工人邵劝帮对小儿子在春说，“那时候，干一天活累得连炕都上不去，满身疼得要命，睡也睡不着。”①ShaoQuanbang,aretiredworker,saidtohislittlesonZaichun,“Atthattime,Iwassofatiguedafteraday’sdrudgerythatIfounditveryhardtomountthekang.Mywholeframeachingacutely,Icouldn’tgotosleephoweverhardItried.”25/32②ShaoQuanbang,aretiredworker,saidtohislittlesonZaichun,“Inthosedays,Iwasusuallysodoneupafteraday’shardworkthatIcouldhardlygetonthekang.Asmywholebodyachedlikeanything.Isimplycouldn’tgettosleepevenItriedto.”点评：②靠近原文退休工人对小儿子说话身份、口气、言辞和口语体。26/32Translatethefollowingsentenceswithdifferentstylisticfeatureswhereverpossible.(Drills3.5b,P.79)1.Itisatruesayingthattimeandtidewaitfornoman.“时间不等人”，这话一点也不假。(“时不我待”，确是至理名言。)27/322.Nothingissadderthantopartforever;Nothingishappierthantocontractanewacquaintance.悲莫悲兮生别离，乐莫乐兮结新知。(formal&archaic)Reflection:Isitappropriatetotransfertheoriginalsentenceintoinformalorcolloquialstyle?28/323