高考英语总复习-第一部分-教材梳理-Unit-3-The-Million-Pound-Bank-No

Unit3TheMillionPoundBankNote1/49关键单词birthplacenovelnovelist1．__________n．出生地；故乡2．_________n．小说；长篇故事adj.新奇；异常→__________n．小说家adventureadventurer3．___________n．奇遇；冒险→___________n．冒险家→___________adj.喜欢冒险adventurousscene4．________n．(戏剧)一场；现场；场面；景色5．________vi.漫游；漫步；漂泊6．____________n．人行道wanderpavement2/497．________vt.&vi.许可；允许；准许n．通行证；许可证；执照→___________n．许可；准许 8．________vi.凝视；盯着看permitpermission9．________vt.发觉；认出n．斑点；污点；地点10．________n．船费(包含食宿)；通道；(一)段11．________vi.&vt.认为；说明；总计有n．说明；理由；计算；账目→__________n．会计passageaccount12．________vt.&vi.(sought,sought)寻找；探索；寻求13．_________n．耐性；忍耐→________adj.有耐心n．病人accountantseekpatiencepatientstarespot3/4914．________n．反面；对立面adj.相反；相违15．________n．信封contraryenvelope16．____________adj.难以置信→___________adj.可信任→________vt.相信；信任unbelievablebelievable17．________n．数量believeamount18．________adj.粗鲁；无礼→___________n．粗鲁19．________n．礼貌；举止；方式20．________adj.真；真诚manner

rudeness21．________adv.真正地；确实；实在22．________vi.&n．鞠躬；弯腰indeedbowrudegenuine4/49常考短语bringgoaccidentstare1．________up抚养；培养；教育；提出2．________ahead前进；(用于祈使句)能够；往下说3．by________偶然；无意中；不小心account4．________at盯着看；凝视contrarytake5．________for是……原因；解释6．onthe________与此相反；正相反7．________a________冒险8．in________衣衫褴褛chanceragsas9．________for关于；至于5/49whenIwasspotted

经典佳句

1．ThenextmorningI'djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlost________________________________byaship.第二天早上，我正感到绝望时候，一艘船发觉了我。 2．You________________________________twoo'clock.到两点钟你才能打开它。can'topenituntil

3．Youmustcome________________________andhavewhateveryoulike.您只要想来随时欢迎，您想吃什么尽管吃。wheneveryouwant6/49课文回顾wasrescuedLostwaswandering

ThetalewassetinLondonin1903.Henry,anAmerican,1._____________(rescue)intheseabyaccident.2.________(lose)inLondonandhavingnomoney,he3._____________(wander)inLondonstreets,4.________(hunger)．Hewasspottedbytworichbrothersandinvitedtostepintoahouse.Henrywasgivenanenvelope5.________moneyinitandaskednottoopenituntiltwop.m.Withtheenvelopeinhand,Henryenteredarestaurant.He6.________(order)somefood.After7.________(eat),Henryopenedtheletterandfound8.________wasamillionpoundbankhungrywithorderedeatingit7/49note.Theownerandthewaiter9._______________(shock)．Theycouldn'tbelieveHenry10.________wasinragscouldbesorich.TheownerthankedHenryforhiscomingtohislittleeatingplaceandevenaskedHenrytoforgetthemealbill.wereshockedwho8/49

单句语法填空 1．(年天津卷·单项填空)Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment，allowingmore________(patient)tobetreated.patientsbelieveholding

2．(年新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读了解B)Two-thirds________(believable)morefamilieswillfollowtheexampleofObama'sfamily. 3．Ontheway,wespottedaman________(hold)apieceofpapersaying,“Lostmyjob.Familytofeed.”9/49tocookwithaton

4．Withtheexceptionofusingasmallmicrowaveoven(微波炉)toheatfood,studentsarenotpermitted__________(cook)intheirrooms. 5．However,lifecanbegreatwhenyouarenotbusyfindingfault________it. 6．Stare________himuntilhegetsawareofitandquietsdown. 7．Heisnotselfish;________thecontrary，heisverynobleandgenerous.10/498．Helikessummer,but________forme,Ilikewintermuchbetter.asbehindin

9．Thoughheisanordinarymanworking________thescenes,hedoesextraordinarythings. 10．Walkinginthestreet,Ioftenseebeggars________rags.11/491．scenen．(戏剧)一场；现场；场面；景色；事发地点onthescene在现场；当场；在台上behindthescenes在幕后；暗中【名师指津】scene后可接定语从句，且关系词在定语从句中做状语时，普通用关系副词where或inwhich来引导。12/49利用单句语法填空

(1)BythetimeIhadcome________thescene,itwasallover. (2)Onreceivingthecall,thepolicerushedtothescene,_________________atrafficaccidenthappened.onwhere/inwhich13/492．permitvt.&vi.许可；允许；准许n．通行证；许可证；执照

permitdoingsth.允许做某事 permitsb.todosth.允许某人做某事 adriving/fishingpermit驾照/钓鱼许可证 permissionn．允许；许可；同意 with/withoutone'spermission取得某人同意/未经某人许可 askforpermission请求许可14/49

【联想发散】

与permit结构类似动词有：allow,forbid,advise,encourage，它们都是既能够接动名词做宾语，又可接动词不定式做宾语补足语。permittingarepermitted利用用permit适当形式填空(1)We'llhaveapicnicinthewoods,weather____________.(2)Passengers_________________tocarryonlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane.permission

(3)Withyour________________，Iwillcarryouttheprojectassoonaspossible.15/493．spotvt.发觉；认出n．斑点；污点；地点spotsb.doingsth.发觉某人正在做某事bespottedwith点缀onthespot＝onthescene在现场；当场【联想发散】spotlessadj.极清洁；非常洁净spottedadj.有斑点spottern．探子；星探；侦探员16/49on利用

单句语法填空

(1)Morethantenpolicementurnedupatthespot________theaccidenthappened. (2)Infact，they'rehard________(spot),thoughtheyusuallyflyoffwhentheyhearhumansapproaching. (3)Luckilytherewasadoctor________thespot.wheretospot17/494．accountvi.&vt.认为；说明；总计有n．说明；理由；计算；账目

accountfor是……原因；做出解释、说明；(在数量方面)占；对……负有责任 onaccountof因为；因为 takeoaccount＝takeoconsideration考虑；注意；顾及；体谅；把某事考虑进去 onnoaccount＝innocase绝不要；不论怎样不要

【写作佳句】

Thereisnoaccountingfortaste.人各有兴趣。18/49for利用

用适当介词填空

(1)Isincerelyhopethatyouwilltakemysuggestion________account. (2)Trainsweredelayed________accountofthebadweather. (3)Itissaidthatbodylanguageaccounts________55percentofafirstimpressionwhilewhatyousayjust7percent.intoon19/491．bringup抚养；培养；教育；提出；呕吐bringsb.uptobe/as...培养某人成为……bringsb.uptodosth.培养某人做某事bringabout产生；引发；带来bringback(使)偿还；带回来bringdown(使)降下；降落；降低(价格)bringin把……拿进来；赚得；引进20/49【一词多义】(1)Hebroughtupapracticalplaninthemeeting，whichbroughtdownthecostofproduction.提出(2)Bornintoafamilywiththreebrothers,Davidwasbroughtuptovaluethesenseofsharing.教育(3)Hewasdrunkandbroughtupwhathehadeatenatmidnight.呕吐(4)Herparentsdiedwhenshewasababyandshewasbroughtupbyheraunt.抚养21/49about利用

用适当介词填空

(1)Inmyday,childrenwerebrought________bythelaw. (2)Thegovernmenthastakenmeasurestobring________thepriceofhouses. (3)Sciencehasbrought________manychangesinourlife.updown22/492．byaccident(＝bychance)偶然；无意中；不小心bynoaccident绝非偶然withoutaccident平安无事地【联想发散】(1)表示“偶然；恰巧；无意地”：byaccident;bychance。(2)表示“有意地”：bydesign;onpurpose;deliberately；intentionally。23/49without利用完成句子，每空一词(1)我们都认为化石发觉纯属意外。Weallsupposethatfossilsarefound____________________.(2)我们平安无事地回来了。Wegotback_______________________.(3)探戈在世界各地有这么多兴趣者是绝非偶然。Itis________________________thattangohassomanyloversallaroundtheworld.bynoaccidentbyaccident/chanceaccident24/493．onthecontrary与此相反；正相反tothecontrary意思相反/地；完全不一样/地becontraryto与……相反利用用适当介词填空(1)—Ihearyou'vechangedyourjob.—________thecontrary，I'mstillinthesamecompany.(2)Contrary________thedoctor'sadvice，hewentswimming.Onto25/494．takeachance(＝takethechance＝takechances)冒险

have/getachanceofdoingsth./todosth./that-clause有希望/机会做某事 givesb.achance给某人一个机会 achanceofalifetime千载难逢机会 missachance错过一次机会 lose/seizethechance失去/抓住机会 bychance偶然；意外地 letgoagoodchance错过一次好机会 Thechanceisthat.../Thechancesarethat...有可能…… Thereisachancethat...可能……26/49【写作佳句】ofgoing/togo

Wetookachanceontheweatherandplannedtohavethepartyoutside.我们怀着天气可能会好心理，计划在户外举行晚会。利用单句语法填空(1)Youwon'thaveanotherchance_____________(go)there.(2)Youshouldnevertake_________________(chance)whendrivingacar.achance/chances(3)Thetwooldfriendsmet________chanceontheplanefromLondontoParis.by

(4)Theplayerisundergoodtreatmentandthechancesare________hewillrecoverfromhisinjuryintimeofthenextgame.that27/49原句1Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike.您只要想来随时欢迎，您想吃什么尽管吃。 该句中wheneveryouwant是由whenever引导让步状语从句；whateveryoulike是由whatever引导宾语从句。

注意：“疑问词＋-ever”既可用于引导名词性从句，也可用于引导让步状语从句；而“nomatter＋疑问词”只可用于引导让步状语从句。28/49利用完成句子，每空一词yourproblems

(1)不论你什么时候有问题，都能够来找我帮忙。 ____________/___________________________youhaveproblems,youmayturntomeforhelp.(2)我想到什么就说什么。whatevercomesintoI'lljustsay___________________________mymind.(3)不论困难有多大，我们都必须及时完成任务。___________________thedifficultiesare，wemustcompletethetaskintime.HowevergreatWhatever(4)不论你面临是什么问题，都不要失去信心。__________________________are,youmustn'tloseheart.WheneverNomatterwhen29/49原句2Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.嗯，黄昏时分，我发觉自己被一阵大风刮到了海上。 此句中“findsb./sth.＋过去分词”，表示“发觉某人/某物被……”，过去分词在句中做宾语补足语。 find后可接动词现在分词做宾语补足语，表示主动或正在进行；也可接形容词、名词、介词短语等做宾语补足语。 findoneself＋宾语补足语，意为“发觉自己……”。 findoneself＋介词短语，意为“发觉自己处于……”。 findoneselfdoingsth.意为“发觉自己在做某事”，表示吃惊或不相信等情感。30/49ourselveslyingsurrounded利用单句语法填空

(1)Afterwanderingaround,wefound___________backatthehotel. (2)Whenhecametolife,hefoundhimself_________(lie)inhospital. (3)ThenIfoundmyself_____________(surround)byadozenboys.31/49

利用所学语言基础知识，补充完整下面短文，并背诵下来 WhenIwastwelveyearsold,Ifoundaninterestingplay1.________(write)byMarkTwain2.________accident.Thewritertoldusanunbelievablestory.I3.________(do)likeitverymuchanditwasthisstorythatmademeinterestedinMarkTwain'sworks.Inthestory,tworichEnglishbrothersmadeabet4.________pennilessHenry,whowasinrags,5.________(give)himamillionpoundbanknote.Withthebanknote,hemetmanywrittenbydidongiving32/49adventures.Becauseofhispoor6.___________(appear),Henryreceivedbad7.________(service)inmanyplaces.Butaftertheysawthebanknote,8.________(that)wholookeddownuponhimallchangedtheirattitudes.Evenoneoftherichbrothers'daughterfellinlovewithhim.Thestory9.___________(happen)toHenryaccountedvividly10.________themoneysocietythosedays.servicesthosehappeningforappearance33/49阅读了解(九)阅读了解四大题型之词义猜测题(1)：

猜词义是英语应用主要能力，也是高考阅读了解中必考题型。它不但需要准确无误地了解上下文，而且要有较大阅读量，掌握或认识较多课外词汇。考生应学会经过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。这类题型在高考中有逐步增加趋势，尤其是猜测词组、句意题。因为猜测词组、句意题包括题材背景、句子结34/49构、文章主旨、作者观点态度等。近几年命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等了解生词能力，要求考生依据阅读材料所提供信息，结合中学生应有常识和经验，正确判断生词词组含义或熟词在特定语境中表示详细含义以及一些句子意思。要求猜测词义词一般为实词及其词组，可经过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义详细内容。同时，代词复指了解题也是猜测词义常考类型。用“逻辑关系梳理法”“递向寻踪法”理清人物及事物之间逻辑关系是关键所在。常见提问方式有：35/49

Thephrase“...”inthesentencecouldbereplacedby________. Theword“...”intheparagraphrefersto________.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinthe...paragraph? Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean? Whichofthefollowingistheclosestmeaningtothephrase“...”？ Theword“...”mostnearlymeans________. Theunderlinedsentencemaytellusthat________. Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemean?36/491．词义猜测题(1)依据定义或上下文解释进行猜测

有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义主要依据。经过上下文详细信息猜测词义是当前高考阅读了解题中最常见一个命题形式。考生能够依据上下文中描述，即作者为帮助读者更深、更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出外在相貌或内在特征描写，从而来确定词语含义。(2)依据同位关系进行猜测

阅读中出现难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面词义进行猜测。37/49(3)依据构词法(合成、派生、转化等)进行猜测

在英语中，有很多词能够在前面加前缀，在后面加后缀，从而组成一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握了一定构词知识，就不难猜出它词义。如前缀un-表示反义词；后缀-ment表示名词；后缀-er,-or,-ist表示同源名词等。(4)依据因果关系进行猜测

在一篇阅读文章中，依据原因能够预测结果，依据结果也能够找出原因。经过因果关系猜词，首先要找出生词与上下文之间逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,asaresult,therefore等)表示前因后果。38/49(5)依据同义关系进行猜测

当词或短语之间有并列连词and或or时，其连接两项内容在含义上是靠近或递进，由此可确定同等关系中某个生词所属义域，从而推知其大致意思。(6)依据转折或对比关系进行猜测

经过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系连词或副词，如but,while,however等；二是依据上下句连接词，如but,however,otherwise等，就能够看到前后句在意义上差异，从而依据某一句含义，来确定另一句含义。也能够依据与not搭配或表示否定意义词语。另外，分号也能够表示转折或对比意义。39/49(7)利用例证猜词

为了说明或证实，文章中经常会举例，往往用来列举说明前面较难了解词，这些例子可帮助我们猜测生词。举例时，常常会用一些连接性词，如suchas,like,forexample,forinstance等。(8)利用词义搭配关联猜词任何一个单词在句子中总是与其它词是相关联，我们可以经过这些前后关联来猜测生词词义。40/49【例】(年新课标Ⅰ卷)Abuild-it-yourselfsolarstill(蒸馏器)isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.DevelopedbytwodoctorsintheU．S.DepartmentofAgriculture,it'sanexcellentwatercollector.Unfortunately,youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou,sinceit'sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.Theonlycomponentsrequired,though,area5’×5’sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic,sixfeetofplastictube,andacontainer—perhapsjustadrinkingcup—tocatchthewater.Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.41/49

Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher'sproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup—andout—thesideofthehole. Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet'scenterdownwitharock.Theplasticshouldnowformacone(圆锥体)with45-degree-angledsides.Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover,andnomorethanthreeinchesabove,thecup.42/49

Thesolarstillworksbycreatingagreenhouseundertheplastic.Groundwaterevaporates(蒸发)andcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform,rundownthematerialandfalloffintothecup.Whenthecontainerisfull,youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube,andwon'thavetobreakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink. 33．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inParagraph2referto?A．Thetube.C．Thehole.B．Thestill.D．Thecup.43/49解析：B词义猜测题。依据语境，尤其是第二段第一句“Toconstructaworkingstill，useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.”可知，画线部分thewatercatcher指前句中aworkingstill。44/49“Howarethingsbackattheoffice？”oneofthegentlemeninmybicycletourgroupaskedmeaswewerenearingtheendofanotherlongridethroughCroatia'ssceniccountryside.“Iassumetheyaregoingfine，”Isaid.“Ihaven'thadanycontactandIdon'tplanto.”

“Yourcellphoneisn'ton？”heasked,incredulously(不相信地)．“Youhaven'tcheckedyoure-mail？”“Myphoneisoffandno;I'mnotplanningoncheckinge-mail，”Isaid.45/49

MywifeHeidiandItookourchildren,DanielandRachel,onatwo-weektriptoCroatia,oneofthemostbeautifulcountriesintheworld.Wemadethedecisiontospendsomeofourmoney