托福听力Unit-7市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件

TOEFL听力生命科学1/17长演讲学科内容类（三）

生命科学类高频考试话题：Zoology

15%Botany

10%Ecology

6%Physiology

4%2/17ZoologyZoologyisthebranchofbiologythatfocusesonthestructure,function,behavior,andevolutionofanimals.AnatomyPalaeontologyAnimalphysiologyEthology–animalbehavior3/17AnimalspeciesInvertebrate:InsectMolluskCrustaceanCoralVertebrate:FishAmphibianReptileBirdMammal4/17AnimalorgansCirculatorysystem:pumpingandchannelingbloodtoandfromthebodyandlungswithheart,bloodandbloodvessels.Digestivesystem:digestionandprocessingfoodwithsalivaryglands,esophagus,stomach,liver,gallbladder,pancreas,intestines,rectumandanus.Endocrinesystem:communicationwithinthebodyusinghormonesmadebyendocrineglandssuchasthehypothalamus,pituitaryorpituitarygland,pinealbodyorpinealgland,thyroid,parathyroidsandadrenals,i.e.,adrenalglands.Excretorysystem:kidneys,ureters,bladderandurethrainvolvedinfluidbalance,electrolytebalanceandexcretionofurine.Integumentarysystem:skin,hairandnails.5/17AnimalorgansLymphaticsystem:structuresinvolvedinthetransferoflymphbetweentissuesandthebloodstream,thelymphandthenodesandvesselsthattransportitincludingtheImmunesystem:defendingagainstdisease-causingagentswithleukocytes,tonsils,adenoids,thymusandspleen.Muscularsystem:movementwithmuscles.Nervoussystem:collecting,transferringandprocessinginformationwithbrain,spinalcord,peripheralnervesandnerves.Reproductivesystem:thesexorgans,suchasovaries,fallopiantubes,uterus,vagina,mammaryglands,testes,vasdeferens,seminalvesicles,prostateandpenis.Respiratorysystem:theorgansusedforbreathing,thepharynx,larynx,trachea,bronchi,lungsanddiaphragm.Skeletalsystem:structuralsupportandprotectionwithbones,cartilage,ligamentsandtendons6/17Exercise–LG385本篇描述是不一样动物听觉系统词汇：organ,cricket,vibrate,eardrum,membrane,auditory,canal,merely,inner,feather,auricle,protrude,navigate,switchgear,echolocation7/17Exercise–DT518T3T4本篇描述是一类动物词汇：diversity,dominant,pollinator,crop,scarcity,parasite,steepdecline,pesticide,herbicide,suicide,domesticate,vast,feedon,cactus,nectar,migratory,exotic,devoid,rancher,dynamite,roost8/17BotanyBotany,plantscience(s),orplantbiologyisabranchofbiologythatinvolvesthescientificstudyofplantlife.Botanycoversawiderangeofscientificdisciplinesconcernedwiththestudyofplants,algaeandfungi,includingstructure,growth,reproduction,metabolism,development,diseases,chemicalproperties,andevolutionaryrelationshipsbetweentaxonomicgroups.Botanybeganwithearlyhumaneffortstoidentifyedible,medicinalandpoisonousplants,makingitoneoftheoldestsciences.Todaybotanistsstudyover550,000speciesoflivingorganisms.9/17ImportanttermsFlower:sepal,petal,corolla,stamen,carpel,gynoecium,pollinate,Leaf:alternate,opposite,WhorledStem:dermaltissues,groundtissues,parenchyma,vasculartissues,nodFruit/seed:ovule,embryo,nutrients,seedcoat,pericarpWood:bark,cork,phloemRoot:rootcap,roothair,shootsPigment,Chlorophyll,Photosynthesis10/17Exercise–OG160S5T9本篇材料讲述是一个纤维用途词汇：fiber,hemp,exceptionally,Navy,degrade,zincpaint,stainlesssteelcable,anchor,extract,bundle,twist,11/17Exercise–OG266T1T19本篇描述是植物根部系统词汇：extent,meticulous,fertilizer,respiration,chunk12/17Exercise–DT490T2T4本篇材料描述了一个花种类和组成词汇：sepal,petal,stamen,carpel,receptacle,composite,symmetrical,variety,resemble,bloom,idealized,reproductive,numerous,floral,rim,ornamental,lawn,edgingplants,compact13/17EcologyEcologyisthescientificstudyofinteractionsoforganismswithoneanotherandwiththephysicalandchemicalenvironment.Althoughitincludesthestudyofenvironmentalproblemssuchaspollution,thescienceofecologymainlyinvolvesresearchonthenaturalworldfrommanyviewpoints,usingmanytechniques.Modernecologyreliesheavilyonexperiments,bothinlaboratoryandinfieldsettings.Thesetechniqueshaveprovedusefulintestingecologicaltheories,andinarrivingatpracticaldecisionsconcerningthemanagementofnaturalresources.14/17Exercise–DT547本篇材料描述是自然界水循环词汇：hydrologiccycle,precious,commodity,circulate,climatology,atmosphericphase,precipitation,vapor,evaporation,hail,excess,reenter,temporarily,saturated,seep,solvent,evapotranspiration,15/17PhysiologyPhysiologyisthescienceofthefunctioningoflivingsystems.Itisasubcategoryofbiology.Inphysiology,thescientificmethodisappliedtodeterminehoworganisms,organsystems,organs,cellsandbiomoleculescarryoutthechemicalorphysicalfunctionthattheyhaveinalivingsystem.ThewordphysiologyisfromAncientGreek:

φύσις,physis,"nature,origin";and-λογία,-logia,"studyof".Humanphysiologyisthescienceofthemechanical,physical,andbiochemicalfunctionsofhumansingoodhealth,theirorgans,andthecellsofwhichtheyarecomposed.Theprincipalleveloffocusofphysiologyisattheleveloforgansandsystems.Mostaspectsofhumanphysiology,andanimalexperimentationhasprovidedmuchofthefoundationofphysiologicalknowledge.Anatomyandphysiologyarecloselyrelatedfieldsofstudy:anatomy,thestudyofform,andphysiology,the