硕博研究生英语综合教程完整版电子课件

硕博研究生英语综合教程522页完整版课件正版可修改PPT授课人：硕博研究生英语综合教程Unit

1Color

Psychology授课人：Teaching

ObjectivesWarm-upAcademic

TalkResearch

NewsResearch

ArticleChecklist

for

Unit

1Contents01

Teaching

ObjectivesIn

this

unit,

you

willtake

a

glimpse

into

the

field

of

color

psychology;

compare

generic

features

of

research

news

(RN)

and

research

articles(RAs);

learn

the

overall

generic

structure

of

an

RA

and

some

formulaicexpressions

commonly

used

in

an

RA;learn

stylistic

features

of

academic

writing;accumulate

general

academic

words

and

discipline-specific

words;

analyze

the

generic

structure

or

stylistic

features

of

the

RAs

in

yourown

field

or

write

your

own

research

proposal;

make

an

oral

presentation

of

your

analysis

of

the

RAs

or

your

ownresearch

proposal.02

Warm-upDirections:

People

may

have

different

preferences

for

colors.

Interview

fiveof

your

classmates

about

their

feelings

on

colors

and

share

your

findings

with

your

partners.

The

following

questions

are

for

your

reference.What

is

your

favorite

color?

Why

do

you

like

it?Do

you

believe

color

can

affect

people’s

mood?Do

you

believe

people

may

have

different

feelings

toward

the

same

color?What

factors

might

influence

people’s

feelings

toward

colors?03

Academic

Talk

(Listen

and

fill

in

the

blanks)4.How

colors

affect

human

behavior

and

emotionImportance

of

color:

conveying

informationcreating

moods1.

influ.encing

decisionsEffects

of

warm

colors:Positive

feelings:co2m.fort

and

warmthNegative

feelings:h3o.stility

and

angerEffects

of

cool

colors:

calmness,

sadness

orindiff.erence03

Academic

Talk

(Listen

and

fill

in

the

blanks).Surprising

ways

that

color

can

impact

people:Warm-colored

placebo

pills:

more

effectiveandHow

colors

affect

human

behavior

and

emotionAncient

cultures

using

colors

to

heal

peoplEeg:y5p.tian and

Chinese

cultureColors

having

healing

effects:Stimulate

the

nerves

and

purify

the

body:

yellowHeal

the

lungs

and

increase

energy

levels:O:ra6n.gecultu,r9a.lBlue-colored

streetlights:r:e7d.uce

crimeFactors

affecting

people’s

feelings

oncoplrelosro:n8a.l10.

environmentaflactors04

Research

NewsDirections:

Read

the

news

and

answer

the

following

questions

in

theBLUE

boxes

for

the

key

information,

and

then

answer

the

questions

in

theWHITE

boxes

for

detailed

analysis

of

the

RN.1.

What

is

the

topic

of

the

reported

research?2.

What

is

the

hypothesis

of

the

research

reported

in

the

news?3.

What

method

is

used

to

testify

the

hypothesis?4.

What

is

the

major

finding

about

yellow-emotion

association?

5.

What

are

the

two

best

predictors

of

people’s

feelings

towards

thecolor

yellow?6.

What

is

the

other

finding

of

the

research?7.

What

is

the

function

of

the

first

paragraph?04

Research

NewsAnswer:What

is

the

topic

of

the

reported

research?Yellow-joy

association.What

is

the

hypothesis

of

the

research?People’s

physical

surroundings

affect

their

feelings

about

certain

colors.What

method

is

used

to

testify

the

hypothesis?Survey.What

is

the

major

finding

about

yellow-emotion

association?

People

were

more

likely

to

associate

yellow

with

joy

when

they

lived

inrainier

countries

that

lay

farther

from

the

equator.04

Research

NewsAnswer:What

are

the

two

best

predictors

of

people’s

feelings

towards

the

coloryellow?The

annual

amount

of

rainfall;How

far

they

lived

from

the

equator.What

is

the

other

finding

of

the

research?The

color-emotion

association

did

not

change

with

the

season.What

is

the

function

of

the

first

paragraph?It

serves

as

an

attention

getter

to

arouse

the

interest

of

the

audience.

(Arhetorical

appeal.)05

Research

ArticleTask

1

Understanding

the

front

matter:

Title

and

AbstractDirections:

The

front

matter

of

an

RA

includes

the

Title

and

the

Abstract,

providinreaders

with

rich

information

about

the

content

of

the

article

before

they

start

toPlease

read

the

Title

and

the

Abstract

of

this

article

and

discuss

the

following

quewith

your

partners:1.

What

information

is

usually

included

in

the

title

of

an

RA?2.

What

research

information

can

you

obtain

from

this

title?3.

The

title

consists

of

two

parts.

What

is

the

function

of

each

part?4.

What

is

the

advantage

of

using

a

complete

sentence

in

the

latter

part

of

the

tit5.

Can

you

identify

the

sentences

that

match

the

rhetorical

moves

of

the

Abstract05

Research

ArticleTask

1

Understanding

the

front

matter:

Title

and

AbstractAnswer：1.

What

information

is

usually

included

in

the

title

of

an

RA?The

title

usually

describes

the

contents

of

the

article

accurately

and

concisely.

Fkey

words/terms

in

the

title,

we

can

know

the

topic,

approach,

even

the

results

of

thresearch.

For

many

people,

titles

may

be

the

single

most

important

determiners

of

wreaders

will

continue

to

read.2.

What

research

information

can

you

obtain

from

this

title?This

title

describes

the

topic,

scope

and

result

of

the

research.Research

topic:

the

influence

of

physical

environments

on

color-emotion

associaResearch

scope:

across

55

countries.Result:

physical

environments

affect

how

people

feel

about

yellow.05

Research

ArticleTask

1

Understanding

the

front

matter:

Title

and

Abstract3.

The

title

consists

of

two

parts.

What

is

the

function

of

each

part?This

is

a

compound

title

following

a

pattern

of

“general:

specific”:

the

former

parfiguratively

generalizes

the

most

important

feature

of

the

research

finding

to

grabreaders’

attention,

and

the

latter

part

accurately

presents

the

finding

with

key

wofacilitate

retrieval.

Usually,

compound

titles

contain

more

information,

thus

incrchance

of

retrieval

from

the

database.4.

What

is

the

advantage

of

using

a

complete

sentence

in

the

latter

part

of

the

titl

Titles

in

the

form

of

a

declarative

sentence

tend

to

be

more

assertive

about

the

resea

findings.05

Research

ArticleTask

1

Understanding

the

front

matter:

Title

and

Abstract5.

Can

you

identify

the

sentences

that

match

the

rhetorical

moves

of

the

Abstract?S1

BackgroundS2

Research

purposeS3,

S4

Research

focusS5,

S6

MethodsS7,

S8

ResultsS9

Conclusion05

Research

ArticleTask

2

Understanding

the

RADirections:

Read

the

article

for

the

key

information

with

the

help

of

the

clues

in

tBLUE

boxes,

and

then

answer

the

questionsin

the

WHITE

boxes

for

detailed

analysis

othe

RA.Answer：Research

field:Color-emotion

association.Problem

of

the

field:The

effects

of

one’s

built

and

natural

environments

on

color-emotionassociation

need

to

be

considered.05

Research

ArticleTask

2

Understanding

the

RAImportance

of

the

problem:One’s

environment

interacts

with

one’s

psychological

functioning.

In

tcontext,

color

is

an

obvious

descriptor

of

one’s

physical

environment,

ais

thought

to

directly

influence

our

psychological

functioning.Research

focus:This

research

focuses

on

the

influence

of

natural

variations

in

physicalenvironments

on

color-emotion

association,

in

particular,

yellow-joyassociation.05

Research

ArticleTask

2

Understanding

the

RAPrevious

findings:Yellow

is

commonly,

although

not

exclusively,

associated

with

joy.

Thisaffective

association

might

originate

from

saturated

yellow

co-occurringwith

positive

climatological

experiences

like

sunshine

and

warmth.Research

gap:Since

previous

studies

on

yellow-emotion

association

primarily

focusedon

individuals

from

Western

countries,

the

positive

evaluation

ofsunshine

might

not

hold

globally.05

Research

ArticleTask

2

Understanding

the

RAHypotheses:Participants

living

in

less

sunny

countries,

further

away

from

the

equator

and/or

heavier

rainfall

would

endorse

the

yellow-joy

association

to

a

greater

extent

than

pliving

in

sunnier

countries,

located

closer

to

the

equator

and/or

with

lighter

rainfYellow-joy

association

would

be

stronger

when

daylightwas

scarcecompared

towhen

daylight

was

plentiful.8.

Why

are

so

many

“might”

or

“may”

used

in

the

second

paragraph

of

the

Introducti

Using

the

modal

verbs

that

express

uncertainty

is

a

way

of

hedging,

or

“being

cautio

which

is

an

important

component

of

academic

style.05

Research

ArticleTask

2

Understanding

the

RAParticipants:Total

number:

6625Countries

and

regions:

55Mean

age:

33.8710.

Instrument

used:The

researchers

used

Geneva

Emotion

Wheel

(GEW),

a

self-report

measure,

to

assess

thsubjective

feeling

component

of

emotions.05

Research

ArticleTask

2

Understanding

the

RA11.

Procedure

of

the

survey:The

co-authors

and

collaborators

were

responsible

for

data

collection

in

their

respecountries.

Participants

were

invited

to

complete

the

survey

online,

in

theirnativelLocal

data

collectionwas

facilitated

by

using

links

that

directlyopened

in

the

targlanguage.

The

survey

was

available

in

40

different

languages,

translated

by

native

spof

corresponding

languages.

Bilingual

speakers

back-translated

the

emotion

terms

tocompatibility

between

languages.05

Research

ArticleTask

2

Understanding

the

RAMeasures:Stating

the

main

goal,

providing

ethical

information,

and

collecting

informedconsent;Explaining

the

task

and

the

tool

used

(GEW);Asking

the

participants

to

complete

a

practice

trial

to

ensure

that

theyunderstand

the

task;Asking

the

participants

to

complete

the

experiment;Asking

the

participants

to

report

demographic

information

such

as

age,

gender,color

blindness,

country

of

residence,

native

language;Expressing

gratitude

and

leave

contact

information.05

Research

ArticleTask

2

Understanding

the

RAHow

was

the

survey

completed

across

different

countries?Sunshine;Absolute

latitude;Precipitation.14.

Why

was

precipitation

measured?This

precipitation

variable

was

chosen

to

complement

the

sunshine

variable.05

Research

ArticleTask

2

Understanding

the

RAParticipants

excluded

from

the

data:Those

who

are

too

quick

or

too

slow;Those

who

seemed

not

to

engage

with

the

task;Those

who

had

missing

data

on

the

yellow-joy

association.05

Research

ArticleTask

2

Understanding

the

RAPreliminary

statistical

analysis

methods:Correlation

analysis;The

regression

model;Percentage

analysis.17.

Models

for

the

main

analysis:The

hierarchical

cumulative

link

mixed

models

[including

a)

hierarchical

nested

regmodel,

b)

a

cumulative

link

model,

and

c)

a

mixed-effects

model].05

Research

ArticleTask

2

Understanding

the

RAReasons

for

adopting

the

models:Hierarchical

regression:

to

assess

the

explained

variance

of

each

predictor

variain

the

order

of

sunshine,

absolute

latitude,

precipitation

and

daytime

hours;Cumulative

link

models:

to

account

for

the

ordinal

nature

of

the

dependentvariable;Mixed

effects

model:

to

account

for

fixed

effects

(sunshine,

absolute

latitude,precipitation,

and

daytime

hours)

and

random

effect

(country).Criteria

to

determine

the

best

model:The

significant

change

in

the

overall

goodness-of-fit

of

the

model;The

Akaike

Information

Criterion

(AIC).05

Research

ArticleTask

2

Understanding

the

RAResults:Likelihood

of

yellow-joy

associations:The

likelihood

of

yellow-joy

associations

varied

across

our

55

countries,

ranging

from

just

5.7%

in

Egyptto

87.7%

in

Finland.

The

global

average

of

the

likelihood

of

yellow-joy

associations

was

48.26%.Four

models:①

The

likelihood

ratio

test

showed

that

the

model

with

sunshine

was

significant;②

The

model

with

sunshine

and

absolute

latitude

was

superior

to

the

model

with

sunshine

alone

inexplaining

the

intensity

of

yellow-joy

associations;③

The

model

accounting

for

sunshine,

absolute

latitude,

and

precipitation

was

superior

again

to

the

modeaccounting

for

sunshine

and

absolute

latitude

alone;④

The

goodness-of-fit

of

the

model

including

sunshine,

absolute

latitude,

precipitation,

and

daytime

howas

not

superior

to

the

model

including

just

sunshine,

absolute

latitude,

and

precipitation.The

optimal

model:The

model

with

sunshine,

absolute

latitude,

and

precipitation

(Model

3).05

Research

ArticleTask

2

Understanding

the

RARevisit

of

the

research

purpose:The

purpose

of

the

research

is

to

test

whether

one"s

physical

environment

might

influeone

attaches

emotional

meaning

to

colours,

more

precisely,

to

test

whethergeographicclimatological,

and

seasonal

factors

impact

yellow-joy

associations

in

55

countriesRevisit

of

the

results:About

half

of

our

participants

endorsed

an

association

between

yellow

and

joy.

Nocomparably

compelling

associations

with

any

other

emotion

was

observed.

Yet,

the

percof

participants

endorsing

this

association

varied

widely,

from

about

6%

in

Egypt

to

abin

Finland.

Overall,

participants

rated

yellow

as

more

joyful

if

they

lived

in

rainierlocated

further

away

from

the

equator.05

Research

ArticleTask

2

Understanding

the

RAEvaluation

of

the

results:The

conclusion

is

based

on

an

analysis

in

which

the

centre

of

each

country

was

used

as

the

point

of

reference.

Although

this

provides

a

good

estimate

of

a

country"s

latitud

will

be

less

reflective

of

the

participant"s

latitude

in

large

countries.Response

to

the

hypothesis:Scarcity

of

sunshine

is

not

a

key

contributor

to

yellow-joy

associations

as

hypothes05

Research

ArticleTask

2

Understanding

the

RARevisit

of

the

findings:Joyful

connotations

of

yellow

are

stronger

when

temperatures

are

moderate

and

rainfais

ample.

These

associations

were

driven

by

a

country"s

typical

annual

climate

and

wenot

modulated

by

transient

changes.

The

number

of

daytime

hours

on

the

day

ofcompleting

the

survey

did

not

influence

the

intensity

of

yellow-joy

associations,suggesting

minor

seasonal

effects

on

yellow-joy

associations.Explanation

of

the

findings:While

sunshine

might

be

positive,

ample

rainfall

reduces

otherwise

harmful

effects

oheat

and

too

much

sunshine,

which

might

explain

why

yellow-joy

association

isstronger

in

rainier

areas.05

Research

ArticleTask

2

Understanding

the

RAComparison

with

previous

findings:The

stability

of

color-emotion

association

across

seasons

contrasts

with

previousstudies

on

color

preferences,

which

vary

systematically

between

autumn

and

the

othseasons.Future

study:This

research

invites

future

research

testing

mechanisms

by

which

climatologicand

geographical

factors

may

impact

colour-emotion

associations.Future

studies

should

also

investigate

whether

physical

colour

exposure

impactpsychological

functions

in

systematic

ways.05

Research

ArticleTask

2

Understanding

the

RAContribution:This

research

provides

a

better

understanding

of

how

the

physical

environmentaffects

the

human

mind.Why

was

this

research

compared

with

previous

studies?Comparing

with

previous

studies

on

color

preference

helps

to

underpin

theimportance

of

the

results

of

this

research.

Previous

studies

on

color

preference

hashown

that

natural

environment

influences

one’s

psychological

functioning.

Thisconclusion

is

further

supported

by

the

results

of

this

research

on

color-emotionassociation,

thus

showing

the

importance

of

this

present

research.05

Research

ArticleTask

3

Comparing

the

RN

and

the

RADirections:Research

news

(RN)

and

research

articles

(RAs)

are

two

distinct

types

owriting

that

differ

in

many

aspects.

Discuss

their

differences

in

generic

structureperspective,

intended

audience,and

formality

of

language

with

your

partners,

and

tcomplete

the

following

table.Genre

Generic

structureWritingperspectiveIntended

audienceFormality

of

languageRNThe

reporter

position(the

third

person)(e.g.,

vibe,

look

at,

but,

asgood

as

gold,

amber

wavesof

grain)RAAbstract

+

IMRD(e.g.,

emotion,

investigate,however)05

Research

ArticleTask

3

Comparing

the

RN

and

the

RAGenreGenericstructureWritingperspectiveIntendedaudienceFormality

oflanguageRNLead/SummaryThe

reporterposition

(the

thirdperson)General

pubMostly

informalli(ce.g.,

vibe,

look

at,

but,as

good

as

gold,

amberwaves

of

grain)RAAbstract+IMRDThe

writer

positio(the

first

person)Researchers

anspecialists

wpeers

of

thecontributorsndho

are

Formal(e.g.,

emotion,

investigate,

however)05

Research

ArticleFigure

1

Overall

shape

of

a

research

article

(Swales

&

Feak,

2012)AbstractTask

4

Learning

the

generic

structure

of

an

RAIntroductionMethodsResultsDiscussionGeneralSpecificSpecificGeneral05

Research

ArticleTask

4

Learning

the

generic

structure

of

an

RAPractice

1Directions:

Skim

over

the

RA,

analyze

how

the

“general-specific-general”

patteris

achieved,

and

then

answer

the

following

questions.1.

How

many

major

sections

does

this

RA

contain?2.

Do

all

of

these

sections

have

headings?3.

Does

this

article

conform

to

the

typical

A-IMRD

format?4.

What

kind

of

information

does

each

major

section

contain?5.

How

do

you

understand

the

symmetry

of

the

Introduction

and

the

Discussion

inthis

diagram?05

Research

ArticleTask

4

Learning

the

generic

structure

of

an

RAPractice

1Answer:1.

How

many

major

sections

does

this

RA

contain?4

major

sections.2.

Do

all

of

these

sections

have

headings?Yes.

In

this

article,

sections

are

clearly

divided

by

headings.

In

some

articles,however,

major

sections

are

not

indicated

by

headings

(e.g.

Unit

2).3.

Does

this

article

conform

to

the

typical

A-IMRD

format?Yes.05

Research

ArticleTask

4

Learning

the

generic

structure

of

an

RA4.

What

kind

of

information

does

each

major

section

contain?The

Introduction

contains

research

background,

literature

review,

research

gap,

an

purpose

of

present

research.

The

Methods

section

describes

participants,

material

aprocedure,

data

preparation,

and

statistical

analysis.

The

Results

section

present

research

results

and

interpretation

of

the

results.

The

Discussion

includes

referen

research

purpose,

a

summary

of

major

findings,

possible

explanations

for

the

findin

limitations

and

implications

of

the

study,

and

recommendations

for

future

research.05

Research

ArticleTask

4

Learning

the

generic

structure

of

an

RA5.

How

do

you

understandthe

symmetry

of

the

Introductionand

the

Discussion

in

thisdiagram?The

Introduction

section

follows

the

“general-specific”

pattern,

moving

from

a

con

setting

about

a

research

area

to

the

specific

research

problems

of

the

present

study.

Discussion

section

follows

the

“specific-general”

pattern,

leading

the

reader

back

specific

information

reported

in

the

methods

and

the

results

sections

to

a

more

genera

of

how

the

findings

should

be

interpreted

in

the

larger

context

of

the

field.05

Research

ArticleTask

4

Learning

the

generic

structure

of

an

RA

Practice

2Directions:

Some

formulaic

expressions

are

typically

used

in

a

particular

section

ofof

an

RA.

Please

match

the

following

expressions

with

the

sections

in

which

they

possiappear.

Notice

that

some

overlaps

are

possible.05

Research

ArticleTask

4

Learning

the

generic

structure

of

an

RA

Practice

2I:

a,

b,M:

c,

d,

k,

lR:

f,

jD:

e,

g,

h,

i05

Research

ArticleTask

5

Understanding

the

researchDirections:

This

article

is

based

on

a

survey,

a

research

method

used

for

collecting

dfrom

a

set

of

respondents.

The

following

chart

is

based

on

the

generic

structure

of

th

and

can

help

us

better

understand

the

research.

Read

the

article

again

and

complete

th

chart

with

information

from

the

text.To

test

the

influence

of

physical

environmentson

color-emotion

association.ParticipantsGEW05

Research

ArticleTask

5

Understanding

the

researchStating

the

main

goal,

provide

ethical

informatand

collect

informed

consent;Explaining

the

task

and

the

tool

used

(GEW);Asking

the

participants

to

complete

a

practicetrial

to

ensure

that

they

understand

the

task;Asking

the

participants

to

complete

the

experimAsking

the

participants

to

report

demographicinformation

such

as

age,

gender,

colour

blindness,country

of

residence,

native

language.05

Research

ArticleTask

5

Understanding

the

researchCorrelationThe

regression

model05

Research

ArticleTask

5

Understanding

the

researchsunshine;

significant.sunshine

and

absolutelatitude;

superior

tomodel

1.sunshine,

absolutelatitude,

and

precipitation;superior

to

model

2.sunshine,

absolutelatitude,

precipitation,and

daytime

hours;

notsuperior

to

the

model

3.05

Research

ArticleTask

5

Understanding

the

researchResultsSunshine

was

not

a

keyfactor

as

hypothesized.

Itbecame

redundant.This

research

provides

abetter

understanding

of

how

tphysical

environment

affectshuman

mind.05

Research

ArticleTask

6

Writing

in

academic

styleDirections:

Compared

with

general

English,

academic

English

is

usually

more

formal,objective,

precise,

explicit,

complex

and

cautious.

Rewrite

the

following

sentences

iacademic

style

with

the

help

of

the

clues

in

the

brackets.

You

can

scan

the

QR

code

for

minformation

about

how

to

write

in

academic

style.05

Research

ArticleTask

6

Writing

in

academic

style

I

think

you

need

to

analyze

all

the

data

and

create

the

graphs

with

R

(v3.4.0)

statistprogramming

language

after

you’ve

collected

the

data.

(Objectivity)All

data

are

analysed

and

graphs

are

created

by

using

R

(v.

3.4.0)

statistical

programmilanguage

after

data

collection.This

precipitation

variable

was

chosen

to

complement

the

sunshine

variable

for

someFirst,

fewer

sunshine

hours

indicate

more

clouded

hours,

which

may

or

may

not

beaccompanied

by

rain/snow.

Second,

precipitation

provides

information

about

the

amountrainfall/

snowfall

that

reached

the

ground.

(Precision)This

precipitation

variable

was

chosen

to

complement

the

sunshine

variable

for

two

reasFirstly,

fewer

sunshine

hours

indicate

more

clouded

hours,

which

may

or

may

not

beacco