新视野读写教程第二册教案Unit-1

TeachingPlanforUnit1Course：CollegeEnglishInstructorModuleUnit1ATime-ConsciousAmericansBCultureShockTime180mTeachingAidsMulti-mediaTeachingObjectivesTohelpthestudentshaveagoodunderstandingofthepassagesinthisunit；Tohelpthestudentsgrasptheusagesofsomeimportantwords,phrasesandexpressionsintheunit；ToenablethestudentstoanalyzethestructureofTextAandsummarizeparagraphmeaningofTextBTointroducethebasicreadingskillsofthisunit:ReadingfortheMainIdeainaParagraphTohelpthestudentsmasterhowtodevelopaparagraphageneralstatementsupportedbyspecificdetails.ChiefPoints&DifficultPointsGetthemainideaofthepassage.Mastersomeusefulexpressions&sentencestructureinthepassage.Understandthestructureofthetext.PrerequisitesBeforecomingforclass,studentsshouldidentifysomeimportantwordsforthetopic.scanthetextformainideas.visitlibrarytoresearchaboutinformationconcerningtheunit.TeachingMethodsThemixtureoflistening,speaking,reading,practicingandwritingReferenceBooksTeacher’sBookofNewHorizonCollegeEnglishLongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish(English-Chinese)OxfordAdvancedLearner’sEnglish-ChineseDictionaryLongmanDictionaryofAmericanEnglishTeachingContentsTimeAllotmentSectionAI.Warm-upActivityTopicDiscussionStudent’sDiscussionTeacher’sSummaryQuestionsontheTopicandthePassageII.BackgroundInformationIII.TextStructureAnalysisIV.StructuredWriting

V.DetailedStudyoftheTextWordsandPhrasesStudyLanguagePointsVI.TextSummaryStudent’sPresentationTeacher’sSummaryVII．After-textAExercisesSectionBI.ReadingSkillII.Warm-upActivityTopicDiscussionQuestionsontheTopicandthePassageIII.TextStructureAnalysisIV.TextStudyParagraphMeaningWordsandPhrasesStudyLanguagePointsSummaryorMainIdeaofthePassageStudent’sPresentationTeacher’sSummaryV.NewWordsDictationVI.After-textBExercisesVII．Supplementaryexercises15m5m10m5m50m5m30m5m10m5m20m5m15mAssignmentsHandintheexerciseofTRANSLATION.Finishtheotherafter-textA&Bexercisesafterclass.SupplementaryExercisesEnglish-ChineseTranslation〔5sentences〕Chinese-EnglishTranslation〔10sentences〕4.PreviewUnit2Unit1SectionATime-ConsciousAmericansWarm-upActivityTopicDiscussioni．Student’sDiscussion1)WhatpreciousresourcesdoAmericansvalue?―Timeandlabour.2)WhatisconsideredtobeawasteoftimeintheUS?―Shortconversationsorsmallexchangeswithstrangers.3)HowdoAmericanssavetime?―Doingthingsquickly,avoidingshortexchanges,inventingtime-savingdevices…ii.Teacher’sSummaryAmericansareparticularlyconcernedabouttime.Theyclearlyrealizethatlifeisshortandconsidertimeapreciousresource.VisitorsmayfindthatAmericansarealwaysinarushandundergreatpressureindailylife.Theydon’tusuallyexchangesmilesorbriefconversationsbecausetheyresentwastingtime.Americansgenerallyassessandinquireaboutothersprofessionallyratherthansocially,sotheystarttalkingbusinessdirectlywithoutopeningexchanges.Inordertosavetime,Americansusequiteafewlabor-savingdevicesliketelephones,faxes,oremails.Electroniccommunicationisbecomingmoreandmorepopular,whilemostpersonalvisiting,whichthoughpleasant,takeslonger,issavedforafter-workhoursorforsocialweekendgatherings.IntheUS,unlikeinsomeothercountries,quicklysolvingaproblemorfulfillingajobsuccessfullyisasignofskillfulnessorbeingcompetent.QuestionsontheTopicandthePassage1)Whatattituderesultsinanationofpeoplecommittedtoresearching,experimentingandexploring?―Theattitudeisthatifoneisnotmovingahead,heisfallingbehind.2)HowistimetreatedinAmerica?Andwhy?―Timeistreatedasifitweresomethingalmostreal.Peoplebudgetit,saveit,stealit,killit,cutit,accountforit;theyalsochargeforit.Theydothisbecausetimeisapreciousresource.3)Whatislikelytobeaforeigner’sfirstimpressionoftheUS?Andhowdoesthewriterdescribecitypeople?―Everyoneisinarush---oftenunderpressure.Citypeoplealwaysappeartobehurryingtogetwheretheyaregoing,restlesslyseekingattentioninastore,orelbowingothersastheytrytocompletetheirshopping.4)Whatisthewriter’sadviceifyou“misssmiles,briefconversations,smallexchangeswithstrangers”?Andwhy?―Don’ttakeitpersonally.Thisisbecausepeoplevaluetimehighly,andtheyresentsomeoneelse“wasting”itbeyondacertainappropriatepoint.5)WhatwillnewarrivalsinAmericamissaboutbusinesscalls?―NewarrivalsinAmericanwillmissopeningexchanges,theritualinteractionthatgoeswithacupofcoffeeorteaandleisurelychats.6)WhatexamplesdoesthewritergivetoshowthatAmericansworkhardatthetaskofsavingtime?―Americansproduceasteadyflowoflabor-savingdevices.Theycommunicaterapidlythroughfaxes,phonecalls,oremailsratherthanthroughpersonalcontacts.II.BackgroundInformationCulturalConflicts:Eachnationhasitsownconventions.Differentnationshavedifferentcultures.Whentwoculturesclash,problemsincommunicationmayoccur.Whichsideshouldcompromisewhenthereareculturalconflicts?Infact,knowingandunderstandingtheother'scultureistheresponsibilityofbothsides,andbothsidesshouldbewillingtocompromise.Educating,ratherthancomplainingandblaming,isthebestsolutiontoculturalconflicts.2.Hourglass:Aglasscontainerholdingfinesandformeasuringtime,whichisnarrowinthemiddlelikeafigure8sothatthesandinsidecanrunslowlyfromthetophalftothebottomtakingexactlyonehour.沙漏：一种装上细沙以用来测量时间的玻璃容器，其颈部细小，形状象一个8字，使得上半部的沙子能缓慢地流到下半部中，其时间正好是一个小时。3.ProverbsoftimeReadthefollowingproverbs.1.Timeworkswonders.时间创造奇迹。2.Timetriestruth.时间检验真理。3.Timeisthebesthealer.时间是治愈创伤的良药。4.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.时间不等人。〔时不我待。〕5.Alltimeisnotimewhenitispast.机不可失，时不再来。6.Aninchoftimecannotbeboughtbyaninchofgold.寸金难买寸光阴。III.TextStructureAnalysisTheessaycentersonthetopichowAmericancultureisdifferentfromotherculturesintheirtreatmentoftime.ItisanexpositorywritinginthatthewritertellsushowAmericanstreattimeasifitweresomethingalmostrealandwhattheculturaldifferenceis.Theessaycanberoughlydividedintothreeparts.Thisisapieceofexposition.Thewriterbeginstheessaywithanintroduction，whichtellsuswhatintegritymeans.Thenthewriterputsforwardtheproblemthatintegrityisinshortsupplytoday—andgettingscarcer.Thisnaturallyleadstothequestionofhowtotestwhetheronehasthevalueofintegrityornot.Threeprincipleswithexamplesorwithexplanationsarepresentedonebyone.Thustheessayleadstoitsconclusionaboutintegrity.Fromthisanalysisitcanbeseenthatthewriterusesthewritingtechniquecalledageneralstatementfollowedandsupportedbyexamples.Besides,thewriteralsousesdifferentwritingskillssuchasexemplification,figurationandquotation.Allthesetechniquesmaketheessayconvincingandvivid.Thepassagecanberoughlydividedinto3parts.PartOne(Paras.1-2)IttellsusthatAmericanstreasuretwoelements:timeandlaborandtheirreasons.Paragraph1tellsusthatAmericanstreasuretwoelements:timeandlabor.Paragraph2dropsthetopicoflaborandstartstofocusonthetopicoftime:Timeisapreciousresource.Manypeoplehavearatheracutesenseoftheshortnessofeachlifetime.Oncethesandshaverunoutofaperson'shourglass,theycannotbereplaced.Everyminutecounts.PartTwo(Paras.3-7)ItmainlytellsushowAmericanstreattime.Paragraph3isaboutAmericans'dailylifewhichshowshoweveryAmericandoesthingsinarushunderthepressureoftime.Thereasonisthatpeoplevaluetimehighly,andtheyresentsomeoneelse"wasting"itbeyondacertainappropriatepoint.Paragraph4isaboutoneimportantaspectofAmericanlife:doingbusiness.Americansprefertostarttalkingbusinessveryquicklyandassesstheirbusinesspartnersprofessionallyratherthansocially.ToAmericans,timeisalwaystickingawayintheirears.Paragraphs5to7areabouthowAmericanssavetheirtimethroughlabor-savingandtime-savingdevices.Theyusefaxes,phonecallsoremailstodoallkindsofthings,includingsettlingnationalorinternationalproblems.ToAmericans,theimpersonalityofelectroniccommunicationhaslittleornorelationtothesignificanceofthematterathand.PartThree(Para.8)ItbringsouttheculturaldifferencebetweenAmericaandothernations.PeoplefromotherculturesmightthinkthatitisimpolitetoworktooquicklyandthattasksaregivenaddedweightbythepassageoftimewhileAmericansbelievethatitisasignofskillfulnessorbeingcompetenttosolveaproblem,orfulfillajobsuccessfully,withspeed.Thepurposeofputtingmorecapital,energy,andattentionintosomeimportanttasksdoesnotmeantospendmoretimebuttogetthetasksmovingwiththeshortestpossibletime.StructuredWritingAParagraphofaGeneralStatementSupportedbySpecificDetailsInthepassage,thewriterpresentshisstatementsfirstandgoesontosupporthisstatementswithspecificdetails.Thenthewriterbrieflytellsusthereason.Takeparagraphs3foranexample.InParagraph3wehavethegeneralstatement:Everyoneisinarush，moreoftenunderpressure.Tosupportthestatement,thewritertriestobringoutdetailsfromdifferentaspectstoprovehoweveryoneisinarush:shoppinginarush,takingmealsinarush,drivinginarush,nobriefexchangeswithstrangers,etc.(TurntoP.15anddoExerciseXIII.NowfillinthesamekindofchartforParagraph7,identifyingageneralprincipleandthedetailstosupportit.)V.DetailedStudyoftheTextWords&PhrasesStudy1．budgetv. plancarefullyhowmuchofsth.willbeneeded〔为...〕作出安排Shehaslearnedhowtobudgethertimecarefully.她已学会了怎么精心安排自己的时间。Thegovernmenthasbudgeted10milliondollarsforeducationspending.政府在预算中拨款一千万美元作为教育经费。vi.planthespendingofmoneycarefully制定预算Asastudent,youhavetolearnhowtobudget.作为学生，你得学会如何制定开支方案。n.[C]theamountofmoneyapersonororganizationhastospendonsth.预算Itisimportanttobalanceone'sbudget.使收支平衡十分重要。Theyarepreparingthecompany'sadvertisingbudgetfor2007.他们正在制定公司2007年的广告预算。[扩展]budgetfor为……编制预算；为……作安排onabudget精打细算的，花钱不多2.chargev.asksb.foranamountofmoneyforaservice向...收费，要价Wedonotchargefordelivery.我们免费送货上门。Thedoctorchargedus400dollarsforafive-minuteexamination.医生做一次5分钟的检查要了我们400美元。3.acutea.1).quicktonoticesth.敏感的；敏锐的Dogshaveanacutesenseofsmell.狗有灵敏的嗅觉。Thecriticalprofessionalrequiresunusuallyacuteobservation.评论家需要非常敏锐的观察力。2).veryseriousorsevere严重的Thepresidentsufferedacuteembarrassmentfromthisnews.这一新闻使总统十分难堪。Hefeltacutepainonhisback.他感到背部很疼。[扩展]acute，sensitive，sensible前两词均有“敏感的”之意，区别在于：acute着重指人具有观察、发现事物细微差异的能力。sensitive着重指人感受细微感情、感觉的能力。而sensible那么指“明智的；有感觉的”。反义词：dull迟钝的；shallow浅薄的；slight轻微的4.hourglass n.[C]〔计时用的〕沙漏TheuseofthehourglassdatesbacktoalmosttwothousandyearsagoinChina.沙漏的使用在中国可追溯到差不多2千年前。5.restlessa. unabletokeepstillbecauseoneisnervous,bored,orimpatient烦躁的；不安静的Afteronemonthinthejob,hefeltrestlessanddecidedtoleave.这工作他干了一个月就感到厌倦，于是决定不干了。Thechildrengrewrestlesswiththelongwait.等的时间一长，孩子们就逐渐躁动不安起来。6.restlesslyad.inarestlessmanner;impatiently烦躁地；不安静地Shewalkedbackandforthrestlesslyinherroom.她焦躁不安地在房间里走来走去。Hemovedaboutrestlessly,lightingacigarette.他焦躁不安地走来走去，点燃了一支烟。7.elbowvt.pushsb.withtheelbows用肘推〔或撞〕人Heelbowedmeoutoftheway.他用肘把我推开了。Sheelbowedherwayforward.她用胳膊肘推挤着向前走。n.[C]thejointwherethearmbends肘Hesatwithhiselbowsonthetable.他坐着，双肘架在桌上。Hisarmwaswrappedfromtheelbowtothefingers.他的胳膊从肘部一直包扎到手指。8．abrupta.1).(ofbehavior)rough;offensive粗鲁的，无礼的Themanagerwasoffendedbyhisabruptreply.经理被他的粗鲁的答复激怒了。Theheadteacherisveryabruptwithparents.主任老师对家长们的态度很粗鲁。2).suddenandunexpected突然的，意外的Theroadisfullofmanyabruptturns.这条路有许多急转弯。Hisabruptdeparturesurprisedeveryone.他突然离去，使大家都很吃惊。9.openinga.beginning;starting开始的Heleftaftertheopeningspeechofthedebate.辩论会的开场白之后他就走了。Thequeenattendedtheopeningnightofthetheatre.女王观看了这家剧院的首夜演出。n.1).[C]anoccasionwhenanewbuilding,road,etc.isusedforthefirsttime,esp.onethatinvolvesaceremony开业典礼；落成典礼theopeningofanewhighway一条新公路的通车典礼Manyattendedtheopeningofthenewsportscenter.很多人参加了新体育中心的落成典礼。2.[C]apositionthatisavailableinabusinessorfirm空缺职位Therearefewopeningsinpublishingfornewgraduates.出版行业能为新毕业的大学生提供的空缺职位极少。I'mtryingtoapplyforanopeninginanadvertisingfirm.我正在申请广告公司的一个空缺职位。10.rituala.doneregularlyandinthesameway例行的；惯常的Everydaytheworkbeginswiththeritualgreetings.每天的工作以例行的问候开始。Theymaderitualapologyandleft.他们做了程式化的抱歉，然后就离开了。n.[C,U]sth.doneregularlyandinthesameway惯例Wivesmakearitualoftheirhouseholdduties.家庭主妇每天都是一成不变地操持家务。I'vewounduptheclocksomanytimesthatithasbecomearitual.我经常给钟上发条，以致这已成了我的习惯。interactionn.1).[C,U]communication交流Theinteractionofthetwogroupsproducedmanygoodideas.两个组通过相互交流提出了许多不错的见解。Iftherewasmoreinteractionbetweenthetwo,theirproblemswouldbesolved.如果双方有更多的沟通，他们的问题会得到解决。2).[C,U]aprocessbywhichtwoormorethingsaffecteachother相互作用；相互影响theinteractionoftwomedicines两种药之间的相互作用Theinteractionbetweendifferentpoliceforceswouldimprovetherateofsolvingcrimes.警方相互合作可以提高破案率。12.conventionn.1).[C,U]general,usu.unspokenagreementabouthowpeopleshouldactorbehaveincertainsituations习俗；惯例Byconvention,theleaderisalwaysaman.按照惯例，领导总是由男性担任。Wearingacoatandtieisanacceptedconventiononsuchanoccasion.在那种场合，穿外套系领带是约定俗成的穿着要求。2).[C]ameetingofmembersofaprofession,politicalparty,etc.会议；大会TheyholdtheannualconventioninJuly.他们每年7月召开年度会议。Theconventiondecidedonanewrule.大会就一项新规定作出决议。13.leisuren.1).[U]timefreefromworkorotherduties;sparetime空闲，闲暇We'vebeenworkingallweekwithoutamoment'sleisure.我们已整整干了一周，无一刻闲暇。Hehassomeleisurefromhisstudies.他在学习之余有些空闲时间。2).[U]ease悠闲，安逸Alifeofeasyleisuremakesamanlessadventurous.安逸的生活会使人变得不思进取。Aftersheretired,shelivedinleisureathome.她退休后闲居在家。[扩展]atleisure〔作表语〕有空的；〔作状语〕沉着地atone’sleisure当有空的时候14.leisurelya.withouthurrying沉着的；不匆忙的walkataleisurelypace迈着沉着的步伐行进Herwalkedatamoreleisurelypace.他慢悠悠地走着。15.assess vt. judgeordecidetheamount,value,quality,orimportanceofsb.orsth.评价，评估Theyassessedthevalueofthehouseat$600,000.他们估算这幢房子值60万美元。Theysaytheycanassessintelligencefromthesetests.他们声称通过这些测试能对智力进行评估。[扩展]assesssth.at…:评估某事物为……assessablea.可评估的，可征税的assessmentn.估价，评价assessorn.估价财产的人16.surroundingsn. (pl.)alltheobjects,conditions,etc.thatarearoundandmayaffectsb.orsth.;environment周围的事物；环境pleasantsurroundings令人愉快的环境Thenewsurroundingsmadethechildrenveryhappy.新的环境让孩子们很开心。17.probev.trytofindoutthetruthaboutsth.调查；探究Themattermustbeprobedtothebottom.这件事必须彻底调查。Shetriedtoprobehismindtofindoutwhathewasthinking.她试图探究他的心思，以便知道他在想些什么。n.[C]探针〔医生检查伤口用的钝头细长工具〕Thedoctorlosttheprobeduringtheoperation.手术过程中，医生弄丢了探针。18.sociala.1).relatingtosocietyandpeople'slivesingeneral社会的Governmentshavemadeeffortstoimprovewomen'ssocialandeconomicstatus.政府已作出努力以提高妇女的社会地位和经济地位。Notleastimportant,marriageisagreatsocialstabilizerofmen.很重要的是，婚姻是促使男子稳定的一大社会因素。2).relatingtomeetingpeopleandspendingtimewiththem社交的Sheoftenattendssocialgatherings.她常出席社交聚会。Hisreasonsforcallingwerepurelysocial.他来访的原因纯粹是为了社交。19.sociallyad.与社会(或社交)相关地Wehaveknowneachothersociallyforalongtime.我们相交已久。Forsociallyambitiouscouplesthisisaproblem.对社交上雄心勃勃的夫妇来说，这是一个问题。20.tickvi.(ofaclockorwatch)makeashortrepeatedsound〔钟、表等〕滴答响Theoldclocktickednoisily.那口老钟的滴答声很响。Mywatchdoesn'ttickbecauseit'selectronic.我的表不滴嗒作响，因为它是电子表。n.[sing.]theshortrepeatedsoundthataclockorwatchmakes〔钟、表的〕滴答声Thecontinualtickoftheclockgotonmynerves.钟不断地作响，令我心烦。Theticksseemtobecomingfromthatbagoverthere.滴答声似乎是从那边的袋子里发出的。21.consequentlyad.asaresult因此，所以MycarbrokedownandconsequentlyIwaslate.我的汽车半路上出了毛病，所以来晚了。Ispentmostofmymoneyinthefirstweekandconsequentlyhadverylittletospendonfoodduringthelastfewdaysoftheholidays.我在假期第一周就用掉了大局部钱，因此最后几天几乎没什么钱买吃的了。[扩展]consequenta.随之发生的，符合逻辑的；n.必然的结果，推论22.devicen.1).[C]amachineortoolforaspecialpurpose器械，装置Hemadeadevicetomakethedoorshutbyitself.他制作了一种能使门自动关闭的装置。Acomputerisadeviceforprocessinginformation.计算机是一种处理信息的装置。2).[C]awayofdoingsth.方法，手段Herillnessisonlyadevicetoescapeseeinghim.她所谓生病只是回避见他的一种策略。Byvariousdeviceshewasabletomakeahugefortune.他通过各种手段赚了一大笔钱。23.faxn.[C]；机I'llsendyouafaxwiththedetailsofthemeeting.我会把会议的细节用发给你。I'llsendyoutheagreementbyfax.我会把合同用发给你。24.emailn. [C,U](alsoe-mail)电子邮件Nowadayspeoplesendfarmoreemailsthanlettersbypost.现今人们发送的电子邮件远多于信件。Theykeepintouchbyemail.他们通过电子邮件保持联系。25.givenprep.takingsth.intoaccount;considering如果考虑到Giventheuncertaintyovermyhusband'sfutureIwasleftwithlittleotherchoice.鉴于我丈夫前途的不确定性，我别无选择。Giventhecircumstances,you'vedonereallywell.考虑到环境因素，你做得已经很出色了。26.gatheringn.[C]ameeting集会，聚会Imethimonceortwiceatfamilygatherings.我在家庭聚会上遇到过他一两次。Soonafterwards,thegatheringbrokeupandthegueststooktheirleave.不多久，聚会结束，客人告辞。27.impersonalityn.[U]thequalityofnotshowingorincludingpersonalfeelings不牵涉个人感情；无人情味Itwasasystemofimpersonality;itmadenodifferencewhoyouwere,solongasyoucouldmasteritsrules.这是一项不牵涉个人感情的制度，只要你掌握规那么，你是谁都无关紧要。28.electronic a.1).usingdevicessuchasradios,televisions,computers,etc.使用电子设备的Thisdictionaryisavailableinelectronicform.这部词典有电子版本。I'veonlynowbecomefamiliarwiththebenefitsofelectronicbanking.我现在才熟悉电子银行的优点。2).producedoroperatedbyaflowofelectrons电子的anelectronicaddressbook电子地址簿anelectronicgame电子游戏[扩展]electron电子electronics电子学29.significancen. [sing.,U]theimportanceofanevent,action,etc.重要性；重要意义Couldyouexplaintomethesignificanceofthispartoftheagreement?请把合同中这局部的含义给我解释一下好吗？Fewpeoplerealizedthesignificanceofthediscovery.几乎没人意识到这一发现的重要性。30.conductvt. 1).carryout进行；实施conductanexperiment做实验Wehavebeenconductingasurveyoftheregion.我们对该地区进行了调查。2).actasthepathforelectricity,heat,etc.传导〔电或热〕Copperconductselectricitywell.铜具有良好的导电性能。Hewasn'tsureifrubberconductedelectricity.他不能肯定橡胶是否导电。n.[U]thewaysb.behaves行为，举止Theprisonerwassetfreeearlybecauseofgoodconduct.那个囚犯因表现好而被提前释放。Nobodycanstandsuchshamelessconduct.没有人能容忍如此不知羞耻的行为。[扩展]conductameeting主持会议conductanexperiment做实验31.increasinglyad.moreandmore日益；愈加Increasingly,peoplearerealizingthatourbasicproblemsarenoteconomicones.人们逐渐认识到我们的根本问题并不是经济问题。Thecountrybecameincreasinglyrichandsuccessful.这个国家日趋富足兴盛。32.conferencen.[C]aformalmeeting〔正式〕会议TheInstituteofAccountantsisholdingitsconferenceinEdinburghthisyear.会计师协会正在爱丁堡举行今年的会议。She'sanorganizeroftheInternationalConferenceonAIDSthattheuniversityhaseveryyear.她是大学每年召开的爱滋病国际会议的组织者。[扩展]convention,meeting,conferenceconvention指很正式的专业人员或政党会议。meeting是最常用的一个词,可泛指任何会议、会谈。conference指就某事交换意见而进行的会议。33.teleconferencen.[C]〔通过、电视等手段召开的〕远程会议Holdingateleconferencecansavetimeandmoney.召开远程会议既省时又省钱。Thetechnicianswerebusypreparingfortoday'steleconference.技术人员正忙着为今天的远程会议做准备工作。34.obtainvt.getsth.thatonewants获得，得到Healwaysmanagestoobtainwhathewants.他想要的他总能弄到。Furtherinformationcanbeobtainedfromourheadoffice.可以从我们的总部获得更多的资料。[扩展]obtainablea.可获得的，可买到的obtainmentn.取得，获得35.superba. extremelygood极好的Thesportscenterissuperb.这个体育中心是一流的。Theviewfrommywindowissuperb.从窗外看去，景色壮丽。36.whereas conj. incontrast;while然而；但是Heearns$8,000whereasshegetsatleast$20,000everyyear.他一年只挣八千美元；而她却至少挣两万美元。Sheishard-working,whereasheislazy.她很勤快，而他却懒惰。37.postala.relatingtopost;sentbypost邮政的；邮寄的Domesticpostalserviceswillbereviewedthisyear.今年将对国内邮政系统进行评估。38.efficienta. workingwellandwithoutwastingtime,money,orenergy效率高的averyefficientsecretary办事效率高的秘书Lightingisnowmoreenergyefficient.现在的照明更节能。39.impolitea. notpolite无礼的，失礼的Itwouldbeimpolitetoleaveinthemiddleofthemeeting.在会议中途离开会是失礼的。Shehadnowishtoappearimpolitebuttherewassomethingaboutthemanthatmadeherso.她并不想表现出有失礼仪，但那个男子的举止使她不得不如此。40.elapse vi. (oftime)pass〔时间〕过去，逝去Threeyearshaveelapsedsincewelastmet.自我们上次见面以来，已经过去三年了。Fouryearshadelapsedsinceheleftcollegeandstillhehadn'tfoundajob.他大学毕业已四年了，却仍未找到工作。41.skillfula.(BrEskilful)havingorshowingabilitytodosth.well熟练的；有技巧的Heisskillfulatinventingexcuses.他善于编造借口。Soontheybecameveryskillfulinansweringsuchquestions.他们很快变得善于答复这类问题。42.skillfulnessn.[U](BrEskilfulness)熟练；技巧Hewasadmiredbyallforhisskillfulness.他技术精湛，赢得众人交口称赞。Hisperformancetonightspeaksvolumesforhisskillfulness.他今晚的表现充分说明他技巧之熟练。43petenta.havingthenecessaryability,skill,knowledge,etc.有能力的；能干的；胜任的He'snotcompetenttolookafteryoungchildren.他不太会照管孩子。Mysecretaryisperfectlycompetent,butshedoesn'thavemuchpatience.我的秘书完全能够胜任工作，只是耐心不够。[扩展]competencen.能力，胜任competentlyad.胜任地，适合地44.fulfill(BrEfulfil)vt.1).dowhatonemustdo履行；执行fulfillanobligation履行义务Anursehasmanydutiestofulfillincaringforthesick.护士在护理病人时要履行许多职责。2).achievesth.onewantedtodo实现；完成Ihavefulfilledmanyofmyyouthfulaims.我已实现了我年轻时的许多目标。VisitingDisneylandhasfulfilledaboyhooddream.游玩迪斯尼实现了他儿时的梦想。[扩展]fulfilleda.满足的fulfillmentn.履行，执行，完成；满足45.capitaln. [sing.,U]moneyusedtoproducemorewealthorforstartingabusiness资本；资金Ourreturnoncapitalhasmorethandoubledsince2000.2000年以来,我们的投资收益翻了一番还多。Sincethestockmarketcrash,companieshavebeentryingtoraisecapitalbysellingnewstock.股市崩溃以来，不少公司一直在设法通过销售新股筹集资金。PhrasesandExpressions46.fallbehind:movemoreslowlythanotherpeoplesothatoneisbehindthem落在...后面Shehurtherankleandfellbehindtheothers.她的脚踝受伤了，所以落在了其他人后面。Hismotherwaschattinganddidn'tnoticethathehadfallenbehind.他妈妈一直在和别人聊天，都没发现他落在了后面。47.resultin makesth.happen;cause导致；造成...的结果Oureffortsresultedinsuccess.我们的努力取得了成功。Ifleftuntreated,theconditionwilleventuallyresultinblindness.这种情况如果不治疗，最终会导致失明。48.runout 1).(offood,money,etc.)thereisnoneleft用完；耗尽Theirsuppliessoonranout.他们的供应很快就用完了。Wemustactquicklybecausetimeisrunningout.时间所剩无几，我们得赶快行动。2).useallofsth.andnothaveanyleft用完；耗尽Wecanseethatthemanagerisrunningoutofhispatience.我们可以看出，经理快没耐心了。Theprinterhasrunoutofpaper.打印机的纸用完了。49.inarush inahurry匆忙地I'minsucharushthatIcan'tstop.我忙得手脚不闲，停不下来。Everybodyisalwaysinarushtogetreadyinthemornings.早上，每个人的准备工作都总是很匆忙的。50.gowith existortakeplaceatthesametimewithsth.else同时发生；伴随Moneydoesnotalwaysgowithhappiness.有钱并不一定就幸福。Responsibilitygoeswithbecomingafather.做父亲就得有责任。51.workat puteffortintosth.ordoingsth.致力于；从事I'vebeenworkingatmyessayallday.我整天都在不停地写文章。YouwillhavetoworkattheweakpointsinyourEnglishifyouwanttopasstheexamination.你如果想通过考试，就得在你英语薄弱的环节上下功夫。52.inperson doingsth.byoneself亲身；亲自Thewinnerwillbethereinpersontocollecttheprize.获胜者将亲自去那里领奖。IhadseenherbeforeonTV,butshelookedverydifferentwhenImetherinperson.我以前在电视上见过她，但当面相见，她却看上去很不一样。53.duetobecauseofsth.由于Hislatenesswasduetotheveryheavytrafficontheway.他迟到是因为路上车辆太多。Hishungerwasduetonoteatingfortheentireday.他整天没吃东西，因此感到饿。54.pourinto givealotofeffort,money,etc.tosth.大量投入〔精力或金钱等〕They'vepouredthousandsofdollarsintodevelopingthebusiness.他们已投入数千美元开展业务。Alotofhistimewaspouredintohisresearch.他的很多时间用在LanguagePointsAmericansbelievenoonestands.(Para.1)Meaning:Americansbelievenoonekeepsmotionless;everyonemoves.Thisattituderesultsinanationofpeoplecommittedtoresearching,experimentingandexploring.(Para.1)resultin:makesthhappen;causeAndtwoyellowcardsresultindisqualification.还有，如果被罚两张黄牌就会被取消比赛资格。Compulsionwillneverresultinconvincingthem.强迫永远不会使他们信服。Ill-consideredactionssuretoresultindisaster.必然导致灾难的不明智之举。Compare:resultfrom:becausedbysomethingthathashappenedpreviouslyTheincreaseindebtresultfromtheexpansionprogramme.由于扩建方案造成债务的增加。Theverdictresultfromhisimpeachmentdestroyedhispoliticalcareer.他遭弹劾後得到的判决毁了他的政治生涯。3.TimeisoneofthetwoelementsthatAmericanssavecarefully,theotherbeinglabor.(Para.l)Meaning:Americansusetwothingswithgreatcare(or:Americansneverwastetwothings):Oneistimeandtheotherislabor.Noticeherewehaveaspecialtypeofadverbialclause:"theotherbeinglabor".Thestructureis:subject+V-ing(or:V-ed).Thistypeofclausecanalsobeputatthebeginningofthewholesentence.Nofurtherdiscussionsarising,themeetingwasbroughttoanend.会议没有作进一步讨论就结束了。Lunchfinished,alltheguestsreturnedtothesittingroom.吃完午饭，所有客人都回到起居室。4.Weareslavestonothingbuttheclock...(Para.2)Meaning:Weareunderthecontroloftimeonlyandnothingelse,orweareonlydominatedbytime...slavetosth.:apersonwhoisbeingcompletelyinfluencedordominatedbysomethingaslavetodrink酒鬼aslavetomoney金钱的奴隶nothingbut:onlyHe'snothingbutacriminal.他只不过是个罪犯。Hedidnothingbutcomplain.他只是抱怨，别的什么都不干。5.Webudgetit,saveit,wasteit,stealit,killit,cutit,accountforit;wealsochargeforit.(Para.2)Meaning:Weplanhowtospendit,saveit,wasteit,spenditmoreefficiently,findwaystopassitquickly,reduceit,explainhowweuseit;wealsoaskmoneyforit.Inthissentence,"time"isusedmetaphoricallyassomethingofrealvalue.6.Manypeoplehavearatheracutesenseoftheshortnessofeachlifetime.(Para.2)Meaning:manypeoplehaveastrongfeelingthatlifeisshort.Noticetheuseof"sense"inthefollowingexamples:asenseofhum