自编大一Unit1市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件

ZoomingIn:AnIntegratedEnglishCourse新世纪大学英语1外国语学院英语第一教研室厚德博学筑基建业

1/115Unit1LearningaLanguage

TextALearningaLanguage

2/115CONTENTSBeforeReadingQuotesLead-inAfterReadingUsefulExpressionsDetailedReadingTextTranslationCarefulReadingKeyWordsFastReadingTranslationExercisesWarm-upVideo3/115Watch

thevideoclip

andgiveyouraccountofit.

LearnForeignLanguage.flv4/1153.Whatsounddidthegoldenfishmakeout?1.Whatdidyouseefromthevideo?

4.Whydidthefishmakesuchasound?

Questionsonthevideo5.Whatdoesthisvideoimply?2.Whatdoesthebackgroundmusicsoundlike?5/115Inthisvideowecanseeabeautifulgoldenfishwasswimmingleisurelyandcarefree.Suddenly,afatcatcameup.Whenthecatwasabouttohavethefishasitsdinner,thesmartfishscareditaway.1.Whatdidyouseefromthevideo?

Questionsonthevideo6/115Thebackgroundmusicsoundsdangerous.2.

Whatdoesthebackgroundmusicsoundlike?

Questionsonthevideo7/115Itjustimitatedadog’svoice.

2.Whatsounddidthegoldenfishmakeout?

Questionsonthevideo8/115Becausedogsarecats’naturalenemies.AccordingtosomeChinesetalescatsarereallyafraidofdogs.3.Whydidthefishimitateadog’svoice?

Questionsonthevideo9/115Thisvideoimpliesthatknowingaforeignlanguageisveryimportant.Itevencansaveyourlifewhenyouareindanger.AnothergoodexampleisthatYangZirongsoonwontheconfidenceofZuoShandiaobybeingabletotalkintheirjargon.4.Whatdoesthisvideoimply?

Questionsonthevideo10/115IfYouDon’tWanttoLoseit,UseIt!

Languageexertshiddenpower,likethemoononthetides.——RitaMaeBrown(AnAmericanwomennovelist)假如不想忘记，就使用它。

Quotes语言有种隐含力量，如同月亮作用于潮汐。11/115Whoeverisnotacquaintedwith

foreignlanguagesknowsnothingofhisown.

——Goethe

不论是谁，不熟悉外语，就对自己语言一无所知。

Quotes12/115QuotesLanguageisnotanabstractconstruction

ofthelearned,orofdictionary-makers,butissomethingarisingoutof

thework,needs,ties,joys,affections,tastesoflonggenerationsofhumanity,andhasitsbasesbroadandlow,closetotheground.—WaltWhitman

语言并非是学者和词典编写者构建抽象概念，而是源于人类长久以来工作、需求、人际交流、幸福和情感以及品味，有着贴近民众广泛并稳固基础。

——沃尔特惠特曼

13/115

Ihaven’tconqueredSpanishyet.I’mlearningandunderstandwhat’ssaidduringtraining.I’mprogressinglittlebylittle.Spanishisverydifficultforme,althoughIamgettingusedtoit.I’mmakinganeffort.It’scomplicated.ButifIcanconquerSpanish,itwillhavebeenagreatachievement.——DavidBeckham

我还没征服西班牙语。我在学，训练中也能听懂。我在一点点地进步。西班牙语对我来说极难，但我在渐渐适应。我在努力。西班牙语极难学。不过，一旦我征服了西班牙语，那将是一个了不起成就。Quotes14/115Beforereading15/115BeforereadingEnglishlearningisveryimportant,butit’snoteasy!That’swhywehavetoputsomuchtimeonEnglishlearningfromourprimaryschooltouniversity.However,someadsaroundusareclaiminglikethis:16/115Youlearnedyourfirstlanguageinbetween10,000and30,000hoursbutyouwereunconsciousmuchofthetime.WiththeSmith

approach,youcannowlearneachofyournextlanguagesinonly15hours.Maybeyou’vealreadytriedtolearnalanguagebutrealizeditwasallinvain.Don’tgiveup.It’stimetochangeyourapproach!Inonlythirtydays,you’lllearntospeakEnglishorwe’llrefundyourmoney.Youdon’thaveanythingtolose...YoucanstarttospeakEnglishnow!Advertisement17/115ForYourEarsOnly

Learnlikeaspy!Smithcourseshelppeoplewhoneedtolearnanotherlanguagequickly.Ourcoursesspent40yearsdevelopingandarenowusedbythebusinessprofessionalseverywhere.StartspeakingEnglishin30daysorreceiveafullandcourteousrefund.Youhavenothingtoloose!YoureallycanlearneverythingyouneedtospeakEnglishfluentlyinonly15hours!Numerousstudieshaverevealedthatineverycountry,nativespeakersuseonlyabout2,500distinctwordsandphrasesonadailybasis.Dr.Smithspenthislifetimestudyingtheselanguagebuildingblocks.WiththeSmithapproach,it’snothowmanywordsyouknow,butrather,whichwordsyoucanuse.Byaimingeachlessonatteachingyoutousethose2,500words,theSmithapproachteachesyoutospeakthemostEnglishintheleastamountoftime.18/115TolearnEnglishwell,you’dbetter...BeforereadingTipsforBeginners1Listentotheradio2WatchEnglishTVprogrammes3TalktoyourselfinEnglish4Recordyourownvoice5Readsomethingeveryday6Recordvocabularyinapersonaldictionary7AlwayshaveanEnglish-Englishdictionarynearby8Readattheappropriatelevel9Keepadiary/journal10Listentoautomatedansweringmachinerecordings19/115BeforereadingDon’talwayshaveapeninhand.Sometimesithelpstojustlisten.Children’sprogrammingisveryusefulforESLlearners.RememberthatmuchofwhatyouhearonTVisslang.Talkaboutanythingandeverything.Doitintheprivacyofyourownhome.Ifyoucan’tdothisatfirst,tryreadingoutlouduntilyoufeelcomfortablehearingyourownvoiceinEnglish.20/115Thismightfeelveryuncomfortable,butitwillhelpyoufindyourweakpointsinpronunciation.Listentoyourselfafewdayslater.Whichsoundsdoyouhavedifficultyhearing?BeforereadingChildren’sbooks,simplifiedreaders,newspapers,magazines,Internetsites,novels,andmuchmuchmore...Keepthisseparatefromothernotebooks.Writesamplesentencesforyourselfandreviewyourpersonaldictionaryeverynightbeforebed.21/115BeforereadingYouwanttolearnnewvocabulary,butyoualsowanttounderstandwhatyouarereading.Ifyouarelookingupeveryword,thereadingistoodifficult.Don’talwayspayattentiontogrammar.Free-writingcanbeveryuseful.Itcanshowyouthatwritingisfun.Havefunwiththelanguage.22/115ALanguageTeacher’sPersonalOpinionTextA23/115AsEnglishisbecominganinternationallanguageandthusausefultoolforpeopleintheworldtocommunicatewithoneanother,moreandmorepeoplearelearningEnglish.Andtheynaturallyhopethattheycanbecomecompetentusersofthislanguagewithintheshortestpossibletime.Butarethereeasier,quickerwaystomasterEnglish?Readthefollowingessayandseewhatalanguageteacherhastosay.Lead-in24/115ScanPara.1andfocusonthefollowingquestions.WhatdoadvertisementsforEnglishlearningalwaysclaim?Fast-reading2.WhydothoseadsalsorefertofamouswriterslikeWilliamShakespeareorCharlesDickens?3.Whatisthewriter’sresponsetosuchads?Tips25/115ReferenceanswerstothequestionsonPara.11.TheyalwaysclaimthatitiseasytolearnEnglish;itneithertakesmuchtimenoreffort.Fast-reading2.BothWilliamShakespeareandCharlesDickensweregreatwritersandareconsideredasgreatmastersoftheEnglishlanguage.TheadsintendtousethetwoBritishwriterstoencouragestudentstojointheminlearningEnglishsothattheycouldmakemoremoney.3.It’simpossibletolearnEnglishwellinashorttime;Manypeoplemustbelievetheseads.26/115Fast-readingQuestionsonPara.22.DoestheauthorfeelsatisfiedwiththefactthateveryteacherhashisorherownwayofteachingEnglish?IsthereaperfectwayofteachingEnglishineverypossiblesituation?No.Thereareasmanygoodmethodsofteachingalanguageastherearegoodteachers.2.No.Theauthorrecognizesthefactbutdoesnotfeelhappyaboutitbecausehethinkssimplypointingoutthefactdoesnothelpstudentsmuch.27/115Whatarethetwoextremesconcerningthebeliefsoflanguagelearning?Fast-readingQuestionsonPara.32.Doesthewritersupporttheideathatalanguageisbestlearnedwhereitisspoken?Doyouagreewiththewriter?Somebelievethattheonlywaytolearnaforeignlanguageistospendmuchtimeinthetargetcountry;somelearnersclaimthattheycanmasteraforeignlanguagejustbyself-studywithonlythehelpofdictionaries.2.Yes,hedoes.Heregardsitasanadvantagetogoabroadandstudyinthetargetcountry.Inmyopinion,…28/115Whatistheauthor’sopinionaboutlearninganewlanguage?Fast-readingQuestionsonPara.52.Whatdistinguisheshumanbeingsfromparrotsandchimpanzeesaccordingtothewriter?1.Theauthorbelievesthatnoonecanlearnanewlanguagewellenoughunlessheorsheisinterestedinit.Healsothinksthatthewayoflearningtospeakandwriteinanotherlanguageisprobablysimilartothewayoflearningone’smothertongue.2.Parrotsandchimpanzeesmakenoisesthataremeaninglesswhilethespeechsoundshumanbeingsmakearemeaningfulandtheycanrelatethemtotheirownlives.Inotherwords,humanbeinguselanguagetocommunicate.29/1151.Whatdoesthewriteremphasizetowardstheendofthisessay?Fast-readingQuestionsonParas.61.Thewriterwantstoemphasizetheideathatlanguagelearningshouldbebasedon“realsituations”in“reallife’andthelanguagewelearnshouldbe“reallanguage.”30/115FindthemainideaofeachparagraphPara.1Para.2Para.3Para.4Para.5Para.6Fast-reading31/115Para.1(Page9)Accordingtotheauthor,Eng.Learningisnotaseasyasadsclaim.Fast-reading32/115Para.2Thereisnosuchthingasagoodmethodthatsuitsallstudentsineverysituation.Fast-reading33/115Para.3Peopleusedtobelievethattheonlywaytolearnalanguagewellwastospendalongtimeinitsnativecountry,butsomethinktheycanlearnaforeignlanguageathomewiththehelpofdictionaries.Fast-reading34/115Para.4Teachingmethodsbasedonthebehaviouristtheorymaynotwork,ashumanbeingsarenotparrotsorchimpanzees.Fast-reading35/115Para.5Internetisthekeytolearningalanguage,whichisameansofcommunication.Fast-reading36/115Para.6Tolearnalanguagewell,itisimportantthatwehaveotherpeopletotalktoandlistento.Fast-reading37/115CarefulReading38/115AfterReading_4.4ShakespeareorCharlesDickenstoencouragehimevenmore.WhenIseeadvertisementslikethis,Idon’tknowwhethertolaughorcry.IfitwereaseasytolearnEnglishastheysay,Iwouldhavetolookforanotherjob,becauseveryfewqualifiedteacherswouldbeneeded.Butalargenumberofpeoplemustbelievetheseridiculousclaims,orelsetheadvertisementswouldnotappear.

1.EverydayIseeadvertisementsinthenewspapersandonthebusesclaimingthatitiseasytolearnEnglish.Accordingtotheseadvertisements,withverylittleeffortonthestudent’spart,hewillbeabletospeakthelanguagefluentlyinthreemonthsoreventendays.Thereisoftenareference

toWilliamTextAALanguageTeacher’sPersonalOpinionWillPidcroftChinese39/115BeforeReading_leadindiscussion

2.Itisnaturalforstudentstobeattractedtomethodsthatwillteachthemasquicklyandefficientlyandcheaplyaspossible.Butitisdifficultforanyonetoexplaininsimplelanguagewhyonemethodisbetterthananother,anditisnousepretendingthatanyonehasdiscoveredaperfectwayofteachingEnglishineverypossiblesituation.Someexpertsevenarguethatthereareasmanygoodmethodsofteachingalanguageastherearegoodteachers,becauseeveryteacherisanindividualwithhisownpersonality.Nodoubt

thisistruetoacertainextent,butitisnotveryhelpfultostudents.TextAChinese40/1153.Foralongtimepeoplebelievedthattheonlywaytolearnalanguagewastospendagreatdealoftimeinacountrywhereitwasspoken.OfcourseitisclearthatstudentswhogotoEngland,America,orAustraliatolearnEnglishhavea

great

advantage

overothers,butalargenumberofstudentscannotaffordtodoso.Somestudentsgotothe

opposite

extreme

andthinktheycanteachthemselvesathomewithdictionaries.

ButitiswrongtoassumethateachwordinEnglishhasapreciseequivalent

inanotherlanguageandvice

versa,anditisimpossibleforanytranslationmethodtoprovidestudentswiththenaturalformsofalanguageinspeech,letalone

producegoodpronunciationandintonation.BeforeReading_consumerismTextAChinese41/115

5-1.Inmypersonalopinion,noonecaneverlearntospeakEnglishoranyotherlanguageunlessheisinterestedinit.Humanbeings,unlikeparrotsandchimpanzees,donotlikemakingnoisesunlesstheyunderstandwhatthenoisesmeanandcanrelatethemtotheirownlives.

Itisworthrememberingthatlanguageisameansofcommunication.

4.Agreatdealofteachingisstillbasedonbehavioristpsychology.Behavioristsarefondofmakingstudentsrepeatphrasesandmakingthemdoexerciseswheretheycontinuallyhavetochangeonewordinasentence.Ifwewereparrotsorchimpanzees,thesemethodsmightbesuccessful.Alargenumberoftheoristsseemtothinkitisapitywearen’t,becauseitwouldmakeiteasiertousetheirmethods.TextAChinese42/115BeforeReading_voluntarysimplicity1VoluntarySimplicity5-2.Whatpeoplewanttosayandwriteinanotherlanguageisprobablyverysimilartowhattheywanttosayandwriteintheirown.Whattheylistentoandreadcannotbeaformula.Itmustbereal.

6.Thereisanotherrelevantpointworthmentioninghere.Weneedotherpeopletotalktoandlistentowhenwecommunicate.Ifwhatwearelearningisstrangetous,itwillbehelpfulifthereareotherstudentsarounduswhocanworkwithusandpractisetheunfamiliarformswithusinrealsituations,talkingtoeachotheraboutreallifeinreallanguage.TextAChinese43/115Translation一位语言教师个人观点

1.

我天天都会在报纸上、公交车上看到各种广告，声称轻轻松松学英语。广告宣称学生无须费劲，只需三个月，乃至十天就能说一口流利英语。广告还经常提到威廉·莎士比亚和查尔斯·狄更斯等英语文学大师名号来增强吸引力。每当看到诸如这类广告时，我真是哭笑不得：假如学英语真像这些广告所说那么轻松，我恐怕得另谋出路了，因为不需要那么多合格英语教师了。不过必定有许多人相信这些可笑噱头，不然话这些广告也不可能出现。课文译文44/115

2.学生们喜欢实惠速成学习方法也在情理之中，但要用浅显易懂语言去解释为何某一方法比另一方法更有效并不是一件简单事，而且也无需装模作样地声称有什么人已经找到了一个万能适合全部学习环境教学方法。一些教授甚至认为，有多少个好老师就有多少种好教学方法，因为每一个老师都有其本身特点。这种说法无疑是有几分道理，但对学生来说不是很有帮助。

Translation课文译文45/115

3.有很长一段时间，人们认为要学好一门语言，只有去使用那种语言国家待上一段时间。当然去英国、美国、或者澳大利亚等国家学英语学生必定比那些不能去学生含有很大优势，不过很多学生支付不起那笔费用。有些学生走向另一极端：他们认为能够借助词典在家自学。假如你认为英语中每一个词在另一语言中都有完全对等词（或反之亦然），那就错了。经过翻译法来给学生讲解口语自然形式是不可能，更不要说做到语音、语气地道了。

Translation课文译文46/1154.现在大量教学活动还是建立在行为主义心理学基础之上。行为主义者热衷于让学生复述短语，不停做一些只需更换句中某个词练习。假如我们是鹦鹉或黑猩猩，那这些方法或许能奏效，可惜我们不是，这似乎让很多理论家引认为憾，不然他们提出那些方法用起来就会轻易得多了。5-1.我个人认为，假如没有兴趣，任何人都不可能学好英语或其它任何语言。与鹦鹉或黑猩猩不一样，人类不会无缘无故地发出噪音，除非他们明白这些声音是什么意思，而且能将其与自己生活联络起来。值得切记是：语言是一个交际伎俩。Translation课文译文47/1155-2.人们在母语中怎么说怎么写，用另一个语言表示时也大同小异。所以，人们所听所读不应该是程式化东西，听读材料必须真实自然。6.还有一个相关问题值得一提：在交际时我们需要有交谈或倾听对象。在学习较生疏内容时，假如有其它学生和我们在实战中一起学习和练习那些陌生语言形式，用真实语言去谈论真实生活，那一定会受益匪浅。

Translation课文译文48/1156.还有一个相关问题值得一提：在交际时我们需要有交谈或倾听对象。在学习较生疏内容时，假如有其它学生和我们在实战中一起学习和练习那些陌生语言形式，用真实语言去谈论真实生活，那一定会受益匪浅。Translation课文译文49/1151.Whoare“WilliamShakespeare”and“CharlesDickens”?2.Whyaretheymentionedintheadvertisements?ThereisoftenareferencetoWilliamShakespeareorCharlesDickenstoencouragehimevenmore.Thepeoplewhoruntheadvertisementsjustwanttousequotationstosupporttheirpoints.Shakespeareistheworld’smostpopularplaywrightwhileDickensisthegreatestEnglishnovelistofthe19thcentury.50/115IfitwereaseasytolearnEnglishastheysay,Iwouldhavetolookforanotherjob,becauseveryfewqualifiedteacherswouldbeneeded.Whatistheauthor’sprofession?HemustbeanEnglishteacherwhosejobistotrainqualifiedEnglishteachers.51/115…,anditisnousepretendingthatanyonehasdiscoveredaperfectwayofteachingEnglishineverypossiblesituation.1.Whatarethemeaningandtheusageofthephrase“itisnouse…”?1)Thephrasemeans“ithasnoeffect…”.2)WheneverweusethisphraseweshouldalwaysusetheV-ingformafterit.It’snousecomplaining.It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk,—he’sspentallthemoney,andthere’snothingyoucandoaboutit.Moreexamples:2.TranslatethispartintoChinese.而且也无需装模作样地声称有什么人已经找到了一个万能适合全部学习环境教学方法。52/115Nodoubtthisistruetoacertainextent,butitisnotveryhelpfultostudents.1.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexpression“Thisistruetoacertainextent,but…”?Wecanseetheauthordoesn’ttotallyagreewiththepreviousstatement.2.Then,what,intheauthor’sopinion,ishelpfultostudents?StudentsshouldhavesomegoodmethodsinlearningEnglish.53/115Somestudentsgototheoppositeextremeandthinktheycanteachthemselvesathomewithdictionaries.Whatcanweinferfromthephrase“gototheoppositeextreme”?Fromthisphrase,wecanseethattheauthordoesn’tthinklearningEnglishbyusingdictionariesonlyisagoodmethod,either.54/115ButitiswrongtoassumethateachwordinEnglishhasapreciseequivalentinanotherlanguageandviceversa.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.假如你认为英语中每一个词在另一语言中都有完全对等词（或反之亦然），那就错了。55/115Ifwewereparrotsorchimpanzees,thesemethodsmightbesuccessful.Whatcanweinferfromthesentence?Theauthorusessubjunctivemoodheretoshowhedisagreeswithbehaviorists.56/115Humanbeings,unlikeparrotsandchimpanzees,…canrelatethemtotheirownlives.Whydoestheauthorcomparehumanbeingswithparrotsandchimpanzees?TheauthordoessoinordertotellushumanbeingsspeakEnglishbecausetheyareinterestedinit.57/115Itislikelytogiveasatisfactoryorrewardingreturnforustokeepinmindthat

languageisawaytocommunicate.Itisworthrememberingthatlanguageisameansofcommunication.1.Payattentiontotheusageoftheword“worth”.WhenweusethisexpressionweshouldalwaysusetheV-ingformaftertheword“worth”,neveraninfinitive.2.Paraphrasethesentence.Thebookisworthreading/It’sworthreadingthebook.Moreexamples:58/115Whattheylistentoandreadcannotbeaformula.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.人们所听所读不应该是公式化东西。59/115personal:adj.

concerning,belongingto,orfortheuseofaparticularperson;privateMypersonalviewisthatthestudentsshouldbedoingmoreworkoutsidetheclassroom.WhenIwenttoherroomallherpersonalbelongingshadgone.60/115advertisement:n.apicture,shortfilm,song,etc.whichtriestopersuadepeopletobuyaproductorserviceatelevision/newspaperadvertisementforanewcarTheyputanadvertisementinTheMorningNews,offeringahighsalaryfortherightperson.Collocation:answeranadvertisement 应广告之聘putanadvertisementin/on 在……做广告runanadvertisement 做广告buythingsfrom/inadvertisements 购置广告上宣传商品TheorganizersoftheconcerthadtakenoutafullpageadvertisementinTheNewYorkTimes.61/115claim:Allpartieshaveclaimedsuccessinyesterday’selections.Thecompanyclaimsthattheirproduct“makesyouthinwithoutdieting”.1.vt.statethatsth.istrue,eventhoughithasnotbeenproved战斗结束后,双方均宣称获胜。Afterthebattlebothsidesclaimedvictory.2.n.astatementthatsth.istrue,eventhoughithasnotbeenprovedTheymadeclaimstheycouldn’tliveupto.她对这块土地产权提出要求最终得到法庭认可。Her

claimtotheownershipofthelandwasfinallyrecognizedbythecourt.62/115onone’spart:oforbysomeoneTherehasneverbeenanyjealousyonmypart.Itwasprobablyjustamistakeonherpart.我从没有感到忌妒。63/115fluently:adv.fluent:adj.

[oftenusedwithin](ofaperson)speaking,writing,orplayingamusicalinstrumentinaneasysmoothmannerThecompanywillgiveprioritytoanapplicantwhoisfluentinEnglish.HespeaksfluentSpanish.64/115areferencebook 参考书，工具书areferencelibrary (不外借书)参考书阅览室forreference 作参考in/withreferenceto 关于reference:n.Knowingwhathadhappened,Iavoidedmakinganyreferencetoweddings.他最近出书中提到了中东问题。1.amentionofsth.2.sth.thatshowsyouwhereelsetolookforinformation,forexamplethepagenumberofanotherplaceinabookHisrecentbookmakesreferencestotheissueoftheMideast.Makeanoteofthereferencenumbershownontheform.3.theactoflookingatsth.forinformationUsethedictionaryforeasyreference.Keeptheirpricelistforfurtherreference.Collocation:65/115efficiently:adv.

efficient:adj.workingwell,quickly,andwithoutwasteanefficientsecretary能干秘书anefficientheatingsystem高效能供暖系统Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.1.Thelocalgovernmenthastakensomemeasurestoreduceunemployment.2.Weneedsomeonereallywhocanorganizetheofficeandmakeitrunsmoothly.3.Thecity’stransportsystemisoneofthemostinEurope.4.Anteacherwillalwaysproducebetterexamresults.effective_______efficient_______efficient_______effective_______这两个形容词都有“有效”之意。指主动有效，效率高，效果好，节约精力。指人时，强调其能干、熟练技巧。强调产生实际效果、效力或含有取得预期效果能力，指人指物都适用。CF:efficient&effectiveefficienteffective66/115argue:1.vi.disagreewithsomeoneinwords,ofteninanangryway我们听到邻居正在争吵。Wecouldheartheneighborsarguing.They’realwaysarguingabout/overmoney.2.v.givethereasonsforone’sopinion,idea,belief,etc.Thelawyersarguedthecaseforhours.Bakerarguedagainstcuttingthemilitarybudget.arguedown 驳倒Collocation:Theyarguedhimdownfiercely.他们狠狠地驳得他哑口无言。arguethetoss

反对某项已成定局决定argueout 辩论清楚Theteacherandhisclassarguedthewholematterout.老师和学生透彻地论证了这个问题。Let’snotarguethetoss—wehavetoaccepthischoice.我们无须争论已经决定事——只好听他。67/115individual:1.n.asinglepersonorthing,especiallywhencomparedtothegrouporsettowhichtheybelong每一个人都有永远不可剥夺权利。Everyindividualhasrightswhichmustneverbetakenaway.anindividualeffort/contribution2.

adj.1)single;separateEachindividualpersonisresponsibleforhisownarrangements.foodservedinindividualportions

2)oforforoneperson;byorfromoneperson按一人一份供给食物个人努力/贡献68/115personality:n.

1.thewholenatureorcharacterofaparticularperson他是个个性很强有理想人。Hewasanambitiousmanwithastrongpersonality.2.afamouspersonEveryonelovesherforhercheerfulpersonality.personalitiesfromthefilmworld影界名流RogerFedererisoneofthebest-knownpersonalitiesintheworldoftennis.费德勒是网球界最著名人物之一。69/115主要指一个人稳定心理特征。比如：Thoughtheirpersonalitiesdiffered,theygotalongasfriends.即使他们性格迥异，但却相处友好。Whatdoesherhandwritingtellyouabouthercharacter?你从她书法中看出她有什么样个性?It’shisnaturetobekindtopeople.他天生为人厚道。Thegirlhasasweettemper.那女孩性情温婉。这些名词都有“性格、气质、性情、习性”之意。CF:personality,character,nature&tempernaturecharactertemperpersonality指天生、不可改变性格。比如：指从感情方面表达出来、决定处理问题方式性格或性情，这种性情能够是暂时也能够是长久。比如：指对个性或人格所作出客观评价，经常与道德相关。比如：70/115nodoubt:

almostcertainly,veryprobably想必你要在吃饭前打开行李休息一下。Nodoubtyou’llwanttounpackandhavearestbeforedinner.Wewill,nodoubt,discusstheseissuesagainatthenextmeeting.71/115toacertainextent:tothedegreespecified他们资金在一定程度上来自广告收入。Theyarefinancedtoacertainextentbyadvertisingrevenue.Iagreewithwhatyousaytoacertainextent.72/115haveanadvantage(over):havesth.thathelpsonetobemoresuccessfulthanothersHerexperiencemeantthatshehadabigadvantageoverheropponent.Peoplewhohavebeentouniversityhaveabigadvantagewhenitcomes

tofindingjobs.73/115gotoextremes:acttooviolentlyorbehaveinanextremeway他们往往持极端观点。Theyoftengotoextremesintheirviews.gofromoneextremetotheother 从一个极端走向另一个极端bedriven/forcedtoextremes 被迫走极端Collocation:Inthejungle,theyweredriventoextremesinordertosurvive.在丛林中，他们为了生存被迫采取极端行动。intheextreme极端，极度，非常Hermannerwasfriendlyandwelcomingintheextreme.她态度极其友好热情。74/115assume:vt.

accept(sth.)astruebeforethereisproof

我假定他说是真。Iassumedhisstorytobetrue.Thereportwasassumedtobevalid.Iassumedthatyoukneweachotherbecauseyouwenttothesameschool.这些动词均含有“假设，猜测，推测”之意。指无依据地武断推测或不合逻辑地推理。强调以过去经验或依据现实一些感觉把某事认定为是事实。惯用词，意义较广泛，指缺乏确切事实、依据一些现象进行推测，也可指为论证而提出合乎逻辑推理某种假定，有时仅表示个人意见。CF:assume,presume&supposeassumepresumesuppose75/115Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.1.Manyscientiststhenewdamagetotheforeststobetheresultofhigherlevelsofpollution.2.Ididn’tseeyourcar,soIyou’dgoneout.3.Wehavenoreasontothatthegirlisdead.assumed________presumed_________suppose_______76/115precise:adj.

exactinform,detail,measurements,time,etc.就在我昏倒之时，他一把拉住了我。HecaughtmeattheprecisemomentthatIfainted.Itwasdifficulttogetpreciseinformationonwhenthewarbrokeout.NB:

注意该词词性改变，它副词形式、名词形式与反义词分别为：

precisely，precision和imprecise。77/115equivalent:美国国会大致相当于英国议会。TheUSCongressisroughlyequivalenttotheBritishParliament.ThereisnoEnglishequivalentfor“bonappétit”sowehaveadoptedtheFrenchexpression.1.n.sth.thathasthesamevalue,purpose,function,etc.assth.else2.

adj.havingthesameamount,value,purpose,qualities,etc.Ihadnodollars,butofferedhimanequivalentamountofsterling.78/115viceversa:usedtostatethatitisalsotruewiththemainitemsintheprecedingstatementtheotherwayround男孩可能会拒绝与女孩一起玩，女孩也一样。Theboysmayrefusetoplaywiththegirls,andviceversa.Hedoesn’ttrusther,andviceversa.79/115Thisbookletprovidesusefulinformationaboutlocalservices.这本小册子提供了当地各类服务有用信息。provide:vt.

givesth.tosomeoneormakeitavailabletothem,becausetheyneeditorwantitPuttingmorepoliceonpatroldoesn’tprovidearealsolutiontotheproblemofincreasingviolence.Pattern:providesb.withsth.providesth.forsb.Theprojectisdesignedtoprovideyoungpeoplewithwork.旅馆为客人们提供擦鞋服务。Thehotelprovidesashoe-cleaningserviceforguests.80/115letalone:

nottomention;muchlessWehavenohospital,letaloneanisolationward.Hehasn’tenoughmoneyforfood,letaloneamusements.81/115The