高考英语总复习-Unit-4-Astronomy-the-science-of-the-stars-

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars1/40-2-Ⅰ.单词Ⅱ.短语Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.语篇填空积累·串记联想·归纳仿造句子【识记阅读单词】1.atomn.

原子

2.billionpron.&n.&adj.

<英>万亿;<美>十亿

3.globen.

球体;地球仪;地球

4.carbonn.

碳

5.atmospheren.

大气层;气氛

6.fundamentaladj.

基本;基础

7.acidn.

酸

8.chainn.

链子;连锁;锁链

2/40-3-Ⅰ.单词Ⅱ.短语Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.语篇填空积累·串记联想·归纳仿造句子9.multiplyvi.&vt.

乘;增加

10.oxygenn.

氧

11.dioxiden.

二氧化物

12.gravityn.

万有引力;重力

13.satelliten.

卫星;人造卫星

14.climaten.

气候

15.crashvi.&vt.

碰撞;坠落

16.spaceshipn.

宇宙飞船

3/40-4-Ⅰ.单词Ⅱ.短语Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.语篇填空积累·串记联想·归纳仿造句子【拼写高频单词】1.

system

n.系统;体系;制度

2.

theory

n.学说;理论

3.

unlike

prep.不一样;不像

4.

thus

adv.所以;于是

5.

puzzle

n.谜;难题vt.&vi.(使)迷惑;(使)为难

6.

pull

n.&vt.拉(力);拖;牵引力

【拓展关键单词】1.

astronomy

n.天文学→

astronaut

n.宇航员→

astronomer

n.天文学家

2.

religion

n.宗教;宗教信仰→

religious

adj.宗教;虔诚

4/40-5-Ⅰ.单词Ⅱ.短语Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.语篇填空积累·串记联想·归纳仿造句子3.

violent

adj.猛烈;激烈;强暴→

violently

adv.强烈地→

violence

n.暴力

4.

harmful

adj.有害→

harm

n.伤害;危害→

harm

vt.伤害;危害→

harmless

adj.无害

5.

exist

vi.存在;生存→

existence

n.存在;生活(方式)

6.

biology

n.生物学→

biologist

n.生物学家

7.

gentle

adj.温和;文雅→

gently

adv.轻轻地;温柔地,温和地

8.

physicist

n.物理学家→

physics

n.物理学→

physical

adj.物理;物理学

9.

float

vi.&vt.(使)浮动;(使)漂浮→

float

n.漂浮物

5/40-6-Ⅰ.单词Ⅱ.短语Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.语篇填空积累·串记联想·归纳仿造句子1.harmful和harm使用方法扫描doharmtosb./dosb.harm对某人有害beharmfultosb./sth.对某人/某物有害Thereisnoharmindoingsth./Itdoesnoharmtodosth.做某事并无坏处(反而可能带来一些好处)。2.“良好性格”描写gentle温和easy-going随和outgoing外向generous慷慨6/40-7-Ⅰ.单词Ⅱ.短语Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.语篇填空积累·串记联想·归纳仿造句子3.“太空”单词集锦astronomern.天文学家astronomyn.天文学astronautn.宇航员satelliten.卫星orbitn.轨道universen.宇宙gravityn.万有引力planetn.行星spaceshipn.宇宙飞船atmospheren.大气层7/40-8-Ⅰ.单词Ⅱ.短语Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.语篇填空积累·串记联想·归纳仿造句子4.由thus想到therefore所以however然而even甚至still依然ever曾经never从来没有8/40-9-Ⅰ.单词Ⅱ.短语Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.语篇填空积累·串记联想·归纳仿造句子【识记】1.solarsystem

太阳系

2.carbondioxide

二氧化碳

3.layeggs

下蛋

4.givebirthto

产生;分娩

5.blockout

挡住(光线)

6.cheerup

感到高兴;感到振奋

7.watchoutfor

亲密注意;当心;提防

9/40-10-Ⅰ.单词Ⅱ.短语Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.语篇填空积累·串记联想·归纳仿造句子【默写】1.及时;终于

in

time

2.轮到某人;接着

in

one’s

turn

3.阻止;阻止

prevent...from

4.既然

now

that

5.突发;暴发

break

out

10/40-11-Ⅰ.单词Ⅱ.短语Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.语篇填空积累·串记联想·归纳仿造句子1.cheer惯用短语cheeron向……欢呼,为……鼓劲加油cheerup(使)高兴起来,(使)振奋起来Cheers!干杯!2.“小心;当心”高频短语becareful小心watchoutfor小心;当心lookout当心takecare小心11/40-12-Ⅰ.单词Ⅱ.短语Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.语篇填空积累·串记联想·归纳仿造句子3.birth使用方法小结givebirthto生,引发,产生atbirth在出生时bybirth在血统上frombirth自出生以来12/40-13-Ⅰ.单词Ⅱ.短语Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.语篇填空积累·串记联想·归纳仿造句子1.Theywereintimetoproducecarbondioxide,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,which

were

to

make

theearth’satmosphere.

它们最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其它各种气体,从而形成了地球大气层。考点提炼betodosth.“计划干某事,注定干某事”。2.Thisproducedachainreaction,which

made

it

possible

forlifetodevelop.

这就产生了一系列反应,使得生命就有可能发展了。考点提炼“makeit+adj.+forsb./sth.+todosth.”结构中,it是形式宾语,代替不定式结构。13/40-14-Ⅰ.单词Ⅱ.短语Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.语篇填空积累·串记联想·归纳仿造句子3.Wewatched,amazed

as

firebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceship

as

theearth’sgravityincreased.

我们惊奇地看着,伴随地球引力增加,宇宙飞船外层燃烧起火。考点提炼第一个as引导时间状语从句,意为“当……时候”;第二个as也引导时间状语从句,意为“伴随……”。14/40-15-Ⅰ.单词Ⅱ.短语Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.语篇填空积累·串记联想·归纳仿造句子1.约翰总是乐于帮助他人,这就注定了他会受欢迎。John

is

always

ready

to

help

others,which

is

to

make

him

very

popular.2.他们团结协作,这就使得他们可能在三小时内完成这项工作。They

work

together,which

makes

it

possible

for

them

to

finish

the

work

within

three

hours.3.我一边写,笔一边颤动。My

pen

trembles

as

I

write.15/40-16-Ⅰ.单词Ⅱ.短语Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.语篇填空积累·串记联想·归纳仿造句子Noone1.

knows

(know)exactlyhowtheearthbegan.Accordingtoa2.

widely

(wide)acceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”,3.

which

explodedloudlyandproducedwatervapourandmany4.

gases

(gas)makingtheearth’satmosphere.Astheearthcooleddown,waterappearedandstayed5.

on

thesurface.Itwasthepresenceofwaterthatallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas,whichmade6.

it

possibleforlifetodevelop.First,theappearanceofsmallplantsencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland,7.

followed

(follow)bylandanimals.Soreptilesappearedforthefirsttime.16/40-17-Ⅰ.单词Ⅱ.短语Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.语篇填空积累·串记联想·归纳仿造句子Later,dinosaursdeveloped.However,theysuddenlydisappeared.Afterthat,mammalscameintobeing.Finally,humans8.

appeared

(appear)andspreadallovertheearth.However,theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,9.

making

(make)theearthtoohottoliveon.So,whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependon10.

whether

thisproblemcanbesolved.

17/40-18-关键词汇关键句式23456171.in

time及时;迟早;总有一天领悟高考·究考法「◆用in

time或者on

time填空」(1)Peoplewillonlyseeitasarealchoiceifthebusesandtrainsare

on

time

.(·山东,阅读表示)

假如公共汽车和火车按点话,人们会以为它是一个真正选择。(2)Wearrivedinthesummer,just

in

time

toenjoythemidnightsun.(·四川,阅读了解B)

我们是夏天抵达,恰好来得及享受午夜太阳。「◆单句写作」(3)假如坚持下去,总有一天你会成功。If

you

keep

on,you

will

succeed

in

time.

18/40-19-关键词汇关键句式2345617联想拓展·记考点(1)attimes有时;偶然;不时(2)ontime按时;按时(3)innotime马上;马上(4)atonetime曾经;一度(5)atnotime从不;决不(6)allthetime一直;一直(7)atatime一次;每次19/40-20-关键词汇关键句式23456172.exist

vi.存在,生存派生existence

n.存在,生存existent

adj.存在,现存领悟高考·究考法「◆翻译句子」(1)Itexistsinmilkingreatamount.(·四川,阅读了解D)它大量存在于牛奶中。(2)Jetairplanesandbigtrucksdidn’texistyet.(·北京,完形填空)然而,喷气式飞机和大卡车还不存在。20/40-21-关键词汇关键句式2345617「◆用exist适当形式填空」(3)There

exist

differentopinionsonthisquestion.

对于这个问题存在着不一样意见。(4)Thechangeendangersthevery

existence

ofcertainanimalsandbirds.(·陕西,阅读了解C)

这种改变威胁到了一些动物和鸟生存。(5)Ifpeoplehadnormallives,thesecafeswouldn’t

exist

.(·课标全国Ⅰ,阅读了解D)

假如人们过正常生活,这些咖啡店就不会存在。21/40-22-关键词汇关键句式2345617联想拓展·记考点(1)Thereexists/existed...某地存在有……(2)existon靠……为生(3)comeintoexistence开始存在,成立(4)oexistence使发生,产生22/40-23-关键词汇关键句式23456173.in

one’s

turn轮到某人;接着领悟高考·究考法「◆完成句子」(1)When

it’s

in

my

turn

,I’mtooexcitedtospeak.

当轮到我时,我太兴奋以至于讲不出话来了。(2)Hecookedthemeal

in

his

turn

thisweek.

本周轮到他做饭了。联想拓展·记考点(1)inturn轮番地;挨个;依次;反过来(2)outofturn不依次序地(3)taketurns依次;轮班;轮番(4)byturns轮番地;交替地23/40-24-关键词汇关键句式23456174.prevent

sb.

from

doing

sth.阻止某人做某事领悟高考·究考法「◆介词填空或用所给词适当形式填空」(1)Thedestructionofsuchspeciescouldpreventresearchers

from

findingcuresforcertaindiseases.(·陕西,阅读了解C)

这些物种毁灭会阻止研究者们找到治愈一些疾病方法。(2)Beehives—eitherrecordedorreal—mayevenpreventelephantsfrom

damaging

(damage)farmers’crops.(·安徽,阅读了解B)

不论是记载还是事实,蜂窝甚至能阻止大象损坏农民庄稼。24/40-25-关键词汇关键句式2345617联想拓展·记考点preventsb.fromdoingsth.同义短语有stopsb.fromdoingsth.和keepsb.fromdoingsth.。不过需要注意是:在主动语态中,prevent/stopsb.fromdoingsth.中from能够省略,但keepsb.fromdoingsth.中from则不能省略;在被动语态中,三个结构中from都不能省略。Inordertokeep

the

children

from

swimminginthesea,hekeepsthemstayingathomeallday.为了不让孩子们去海里游泳,他把孩子们整天关在家里。25/40-26-关键词汇关键句式23456175.pull

n.&vt.拉(力);拖;牵引力领悟高考·究考法「◆用适当介词或者副词填空」(1)Larrypulled

over

,setthebrakeandgotholdofthefireextinguisher.(·全国乙,完形填空)

Larry把车停到路边,拉了手刹,拿起灭火器帮忙灭火。(2)Onafamilycartrip,herAuntDedepulled

out

a

copyofHarry

Potter,asasurpriseforhernice.(·四川,完形填空)在一次家庭自驾游途中,她姑妈Dede掏出一本《哈利·波特》作为给侄女惊喜。26/40-27-关键词汇关键句式2345617(3)Hearinghercoughingbitterlyonenight,Idecidedtopullher

from

itall.(·天津,完形填空)

一天晚上听到她痛苦地咳嗽,我决定不让她去训练了。(4)Isatdownonthefloorandpulledafewbooks

off

theshelfatrandom.(·天津,阅读了解C)

我坐在地板上,随手从架子上拖过来几本书。「◆翻译句子」(5)Theywrappedoneendofaropearoundtheblockandpulled.(·四川,阅读了解E)他们把绳子一头绕缠在木头上然后拉。(6)Wouldyoumindgivingthebellapull?不介意话,请拉一下铃好吗?27/40-28-关键词汇关键句式2345617联想拓展·记考点(1)pulldown拆除,摧毁(建筑物)(2)pullin(火车)进站停靠(3)pulloff驶向路边短暂停车;完成(4)pullup停顿(5)pullout(火车)出站;驶离路边(6)pullover向路边停靠(或让车)28/40-29-关键词汇关键句式23456176.break

out(战争、火灾等)突然发生;暴发领悟高考·究考法「◆单句写作」(1)一天晚上,战争暴发了。(·重庆,阅读了解A)War

broke

out

one

evening.

(2)夜间突然发生了火灾。Fire

broke

out

during

the

night.

29/40-30-关键词汇关键句式2345617联想拓展·记考点(1)breakawayfrom脱离;摆脱;甩掉(2)breakdown毁掉;把……分解;(身体)垮下来;抛锚(3)breakin非法闯进;打断;插嘴(4)breakinto破门而入;非法闯进(5)breakoff折断;中止;突然停顿(6)breakthrough突围;突破(7)breakup分解;打坏;驱散;结束30/40-31-关键词汇关键句式23456177.now

that既然;因为领悟高考·究考法「◆诵读或翻译句子」(1)Now

thatChicago’swastewaterwasdrainingefficientlyintotheChicagoRiver,thecity’snextstepwastocleanthepollutedriver.(·湖南,阅读了解B)既然芝加哥废水都有效地排到了这条芝加哥河里,那么这个城市下一步工作就是净化这条污染了河。(2)Now

thatthekidshavelefthome,wehavegotalotofextraspace.孩子们都离开家了,我们住着就更宽绰了。31/40-32-关键词汇关键句式2345617联想拓展·记考点惯用引导原因状语从句连词有because,since,as,considering等。Consideringitiseighto’clock,we’llwaitnolonger.因为已经八点了,我们不再等了。32/40-33-关键词汇关键句式211.This

produced

a

chain

reaction,which

made

it

possible

for

life

to

develop.这就产生了一系列反应,使得生命就有可能发展了。分析提炼·究考法“make+it+宾语补足语+真正宾语(宾语从句或动词不定式等)”是固定句式。宾语补足语能够由形容词、名词、分词等充当。惯用于此结构动词还有think,feel,find,consider,take等。33/40-34-关键词汇关键句式21领悟考法·用考点「◆翻译句子」(1)Hemade

it

his

duty

to

take

care

of

the

old

man.他把照料这位老人看成自己责任。(2)Unfortunately,thetreesmade

it

impossibleforpeopleto

seeherfromtheabove.(·10浙江,写作)不幸是,这些树木使得人们无法从上方看到她。34/40-35-关键词汇关键句式212.But

when

I

tried

to

step

forward,I

found

I

was

carried

twice

as

far

as

on

the

earth

and

fell

over.而当我试着向前迈步时,我发觉我被送出去很远,步子跨度竟是在地球上两倍,因而我摔倒了。分析提炼·究考法twiceasfaras...是一个倍数表示方法,意为“是……两倍远”。英语中惯用倍数表示法有:(1)A+be+倍数+as+adj./adv.原级+as+B(2)A+be+倍数+adj./adv.比较级+than+B(3)A+be+倍数+the+名词(size/weight/length...)+ofB35/40-36-关键词汇关键句式21领悟考法·用考点「◆完成句子」(1)Jessicadevotedthree

times

as

much

time

and

energyasshedidbefore,soIbelieveshewillsucceedthistime.

杰西卡付出是以前时间和精力三倍,所以我相信她这次能成功。(2)Thosegivennightmilkcontained

10

times

the

amount

ofmelatonin.(·四川,阅读了解D)

那些参加试验“夜间牛奶”包含了10倍褪黑素量。36/40-37-关键词汇关键句式21「◆一句多译」(3)据报道,最近发觉了一颗行星,它几乎是地球三倍大。①Itisreportedthatanewplanethasbeendiscoveredrecently,whichisalmost

three

times

as

large

astheearth.

②Itisreportedthatanewplanethasbeendiscoveredrecently,whichisalmost

three

times

bigger

thantheearth.

③Itisreportedthatanewplanethasbeendiscoveredrecently,whichisalmost

three

times

the

size

oftheearth.

37/40-38-ⅠⅡⅠ.单句填空1.Aftersheclosedthedoorwith

violence

,shefeltherheartbeat

violently

.(violent)

2.Shegotinterest