高考英语复习-Unit-4-Astronomy-the-science-of-the-stars-市

基础知识自测重点词汇讲练写作句型仿写1/77基础知识自测2/771.____________n.

系统;体系;制度______________adj.

系统;有系统______________adv.

系统地;有系统地systematicallysystemsystematic(al)一、单词拓展(A)单词派生3/772._________n.谜;难题v.(使)迷惑__________adj.迷惑___________adj.令人迷惑3._________vi.存在；生存__________adj.存在；生存___________n.存在；生存existencepuzzlepuzzledpuzzlingexistexistent4/774._________n.暴力;猛烈_________adj.暴力;猛烈_________adv.粗暴地;猛烈地5.____________________n.基础_____________adj.基本;基础______________adv.

根当地;从根本上fundamentallyviolenceviolentviolentlyfoundation/fundamentfundamental5/776.___________n.&vt.伤害；损害___________

adj.有害___________

adj.无害harmharmfulharmless6/771.Playingcomputergamesforalongtimeisvery_________(harm)toourhealth.作表语用形容词,beharmfulto对…有害。2.Theiruntruecomments__________(violence)hurtthefeelingofChinesepeople.(B)灵活利用harmfulviolently作状语用副词7/773.Hisanswertothequestionsounds_______(puzzle)andweareall______(puzzle)alot.位于系动词后作表语用形容词,前者表示“令人迷惑”,后者表示“感到迷惑”。

puzzlingpuzzled8/774.AsfarasIamconcerned,strongwill,diligence,anddevotionaswellasperseverancearefour__________(fundament)factorscontributingtosuccess.5.Fewpeopleunderstandthatthe_________(exist)ofrareanimalsiscloselyrelatedtoourlife.作从句主语

fundamental

existence作定语用形容词9/771.____________下蛋2.____________挡住(光钱)3.____________感到高兴;感到振奋4.____________突发;暴发二、短语翻译breakoutlayeggsblockoutcheerup10/775.________________亲密注视;当心;提防6.________________阻止;阻止7.______________产生;分娩8.______________及时intime

watchout(for)

prevent...fromgivebirthto11/779.______________轮到某人；接着10.______________既然11.______________依靠12.______________结果asaresultinone’sturnnowthatdependon12/77三、语篇填空Nooneknows1_________(exact)howtheearthbegan.However，accordingtoawidely2________(accept)theory，itbegan3_____a“BigBang”.Thentheearthexplodedloudlyandproducedwatervaporandmanygases，4_________(make)theearth’satmosphere.Andthenastheearthcooleddown，waterappearedandstayedonthesurface.makingwithaccepted

exactly

13/77Itwasthepresenceofwaterthatallowedtheearthtodissolve(溶解)5________(harm)gasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas，6______madeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.Andtheappearanceofsmallplantsencouragedthedevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next，greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedbylandanimals.Later，reptilesappearedforthefirsttime,afterwhichdinosaursdeveloped.whichharmful14/77However，theysuddenly7___________(appear).Therefore，mammalsroseon8______earth.Finally，humansappearedandspreadallovertheearth.However，theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere，makingtheearthtoohot9_________(live)on.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthwilldependonwhetherthisproblemcan10________(solve).besolvedtolive

the

disappeared15/771.exactly修饰动词know用副词，表示“完全，准确地”。2.accepted因theory与accept是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。3.with因beginwith(以……开始)是固定搭配。4.making现在分词表示伴随或结果，指水蒸气与各种气体组成了地球大气层。5.harmful在名词前作定语用形容词，表示“有害”。16/776.which引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语。7.disappeared在主格人称代词后作谓语，由语境是普通过去时，指突然“消失了”。8.the在earth,moon等世界上独一无二事物名词前通惯用the。9.tolive在too…to(太……而不能)结构中，用不定式表示结果。10.besolved问题是“被处理”。17/77四、语段改错Accordingtoawideacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”thatthrewmatterinalldirection.Forseveralbillionsyearsafterthe“BigBang”,earthwasstilljustacloudofdust.widelydirectionsbillionthe18/77Whatitwastobecomewascertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsbeforewhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthbecamesoviolentlythatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldbelastornot.uncertainagoviolent19/77Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereontimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervaporandothergases,thatweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.

whichintime20/771.wide→widely用副词修饰过去分词accepted(被接收)。2.direction→directions受all修饰，应用复数。3.billions→billion因billion,million,thousand,hundred等前面有数词或few,several时，不用复数。4.在earth前加the独一无二事物前要加the。5.certain→uncertain它会变成什么“不能确定”。21/776.before→ago指离现在多久以前，用ago。7.violently→violent在became后作表语，要用形容词。8.去掉last前be因last(连续，维持)是不及物动词，有了动词后，若不是进行时态或被动语态，不用be。8.ontime→intime表示“及时做某事”是intimetodosth.，而ontime是“按时”。9.that→which引导非限制性定语从句用which。22/77重点词汇讲练23/771．theoryn.学说；理论例句However，accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory，theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”thatthrewmatterinalldirections．不过,一个普遍为人们所接收理论是：宇宙起源于一次大爆炸,这次大爆炸将物质投射到四面八方。24/77搭配intheory在理论上反义inpractice在实践上25/77利用依据汉语意思完成英文句子。总之，理论必须同实践相结合。Inbrief,theorymustbecombinedwithpractice.26/772．violentadj．猛烈;激烈;强暴例句Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot．地球变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续。27/77搭配violentcrime暴力犯罪派生_______

n.猛烈，暴力(行为)________adv．猛烈地violentlyviolence28/77利用依据提醒完成英文句子。⑴Childrenshouldnotbeallowed_____________________(看暴力电影)。towatchviolentmovies29/77⑵Herhusbandis______________(一个粗暴人)．⑶Hisheartbeats____________(violence)．violentlyaviolentman30/773.unlikeprep.不一样;不像（notlike;nottypicalof）例句WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.水在其它星球上也出现过，比如在火星上就曾出现过，但和地球不一样是，这些水以后都消失了。31/77转化unlikeadj.不一样;不相同反义likeprep.像；同……一样likeadj.相同；一样利用依据汉语意思完成英文句子。她不像她妈妈；她很高，而她妈妈很矮。______________________;sheistallwhilehermotherisveryshort.Sheisunlikehermother32/774.harmfuladj.有害,伤害例句…thecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolve

harmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.……因为地球上长久有水存在，使地球能够把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。33/77beharmfulto对……有害doharmtosb.=dosb.harm对某人有坏处搭配34/77利用填入一个适当词或用所给词正确形式填空。Asweallknow,smokingis_______(harm)toourhealth.That’stosay，itdoesharm__ourhealth.Therefore,weshouldn’tsmokebuttodosomething_________(harm)toourhealth.harmlessharmfulto35/775．existvi.存在；生存；生活；继续存在例句Thiskindofrareanimalsexisted20，000yearsago．这种珍稀动物两万年前就存在了。36/77existin存在于……中existon=liveon靠……生活existas作为……而存在搭配37/77利用用适当词填空或用所给词适当形式填空。⑴Thelittleboycannotexist____themoneyheisearning．on38/77⑵Mattercanexist_____asolid，liquidorgas．⑶Wecan’texistwithoutwater．Thatmeansour_________(exist)dependsonwater．existenceas39/77原句Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggest

puzzles

thatscientistsfoundhardtosolve.生命是怎样起源这个问题是科学家极难解答最大迷惑之一。(B3P27)6.puzzlen.谜;难题v.(使)迷惑;(使)为难例句Howhepassedtheexamisstillapuzzle

tous.他是怎样经过考试对我们来说还是一个谜。40/77搭配bepuzzledby被……迷惑beapuzzletosb.对某人来说是个谜/迷惑

be／feelpuzzledabout对……感到迷惑41/77利用填入一个恰当词或完成句子。⑴Yourexplanationwasreallyapuzzle__me.⑵Hisrecentbehavior_________(使我迷惑).

to

puzzlesme

42/77原句Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,which

preventsheat

fromescapingfromtheearthintospace.他们把过多二氧化碳释放到大气层中,这使得地球上热不能释放到太空中去。(B3P26)7.prevent/stop/keep...from阻止/预防……43/77提醒在主动语态句子中,stop和prevent后from可省略,但keep后from不能省略;在被动语态中,此三个短语中from均不可省略。比较protect...from...保护……不受……例句

Thefarmerbuiltawallto

prevent

hischickensfromrunningout.那个农民建了围墙来预防鸡跑出去。44/77利用依据汉语提醒完成句子。⑴上涨河水使我们过不了河。Therisingwater__________________________________.⑵人们采取行动来预防环境恶化。Peopletookmeasures__________________________________________.preventedusfromcrossingtherivertopreventtheenvironmentfromgettingworse45/77原句Walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.重力改变了,看来走路也确实需要练一练了。(B3P31)8.nowthat因为;既然例句

Nowthat

youareastudent,youmustobeyschoolrules.既然你是学生,你必须恪守学校规则。46/77利用(1)既然大家来了,我们就开会吧。______________________________,let’sbeginourmeeting

(2)既然已完成了工作,你就应该好好休息。Yououghttohaveagoodrest_______________________________________.now

that/asyouhavefinishedtheworksince/Nowthat/Sinceeverybodyishere47/779．intime及时；终于；迟早例句Themanintimecaughtthebagfallingfromupstairs．那个人及时接住了从楼上掉下来包。48/77innotime立刻,马上atnotime绝不atatime每次,一次atonetime曾经；一度atthesametime同时fromtimetotime有时,偶然联想49/77利用填入一个恰当词。⑴Whenourguestsarriveatourhome,weshouldservetea__time．⑵Withmanysubjectstoconcentrateon，Ifailedtofinishhomework____time．onin50/7710．breakout(火灾／战争／地震等)暴发；发生例句Theteacherstayedathomewhenthebigfirebrokeoutinthetallbuilding.当那场高楼大火发生时，那个老师正待在家里。51/77breakinto破门而入breakup(组织、企业等)解散breakawayfrom脱离联想52/77利用依据汉语意思完成英文句子。⑴昨天晚上，两个小偷破门而入小李家，并偷走了一块手表。Lastnight，twothieves___________XiaoLi’shomeandstoleawatch．brokeinto53/77⑵当地震发生时,大家都在睡觉。Whentheearthquake,_________everyonewassleepinginbed．⑶ABA乐队去年解散了，这是我们没有料想到。BandABA___________lastyear，whichwasbeyondourexpectation．brokeupbrokeout54/7711.givebirthto产生；分娩；引发；造成例句Theygavebirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandproducedmilktofeedthem.它们能产出幼仔并给幼仔哺乳。55/77利用依据汉语意思完成英文句子。⑴She___________________________(生了一个健康男婴)lastnight.⑵这段奇特经历促成了他最新一部小说诞生。Theextraordinaryexperience____________________________.tohislatestnovelgavebirthtoahealthybabyboygavebirth56/7712.inone’sturn轮到某人;接着例句Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最主要动物。57/77联想It’ssb.’sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事inturn轮番，依次byturns轮番；交替地taketurnstodosth.轮番做某事58/77翻译将以下句子译成英文。⑴轮到我时候,我给他们讲了一个笑话。⑵轮到你看医生啦。It’syourturntoseethedoctor.Inmyturn,Itoldthemajoke.59/7713.watchout注意,当心(单独用于祈使句)watchoutfor亲密注意，提防利用依据汉语意思完成英文句子。⑴当心，别把桌子上纸弄脏了。__________!Don’tdirtythepaperonthedesk.⑵我们必须提防公共汽车上小偷。Wemust_____________________onthebus.watchoutforthethievesWatchout60/7713．watchout注意，当心(单独用于祈使句)watchoutfor亲密注意，提防61/77利用依据汉语意思完成英文句子。⑴当心，别把桌子上纸弄脏了。______________！Don’tdirtythepaperonthedesk．Watchout62/77⑵我们必须提防公共汽车上小偷。Wemust______________________onthebus．watchoutforthethieves63/77写作句型仿写64/77原句

Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.水对于生命发展会起关键作用,这一点在当初并不显著。(B3P26)1.Itisobviousthat...显然……65/77例句

Itwasobviousthat

hehadbeenlateforschoolagain.很显著他又迟到了。同义obviously/apparently,…/Itisquiteclearthat...短语befundamentalto对……是必要;对……是根本66/77仿写(1)很显然他没有成功。Itisobviousthathehasn’tbeensuccessful.(2)显然断电了。(3)很显著你学生明天没有说实话。_______________________________________________yesterday.Itwasobviousthatyourstudentdidn’ttellyouthetruthItisobviousthatelectricityhasbeencutoff.67/77原句Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.这就产生了一系列反应,使得生命就有可能开始发展了。(B3P26)2.makeit+adj.+forsb.todo使某人做某事……68/77例句Thepresentsituationmakesitdifficultforustoaccomplishthetaskontime.当前情况使我们极难按时完成任务。说明it是形式宾语,后面todo是真正宾语。69/77仿写依据汉语意思，完成英文句子。⑴因特网使我们有可能用很短时间获知世界上发生全部事。TheInternethas___________________________