第十一章健康心理学

Chapter11healthpsychology:Stress,Coping,andWell-BeingYonghuiWang

SchoolofPsychologyShaanxiNormalUniversity2009.2.165/9/20241Chapter11healthpsychology:stress,coping,andwell-beingOurgoalsTounderstandthecausesandconsequencesofstress.ToIdentifythewaysofcoping.Todescribemaintypesofthedefensemechanisms.Todiscussthepsychologicalandphysiologicaleffectsofstressonpeople.Todiscusshowwecanpromotehealthratherthandistress.5/9/20242Chapter11OutlineStressandcopingPsychologicalaspectsofillnessandwell-beingPromotinghealthandwellness5/9/20243StressandcopingStress（压力）Aphysicalmentalresponsetoachallengingofthreateningsituation.Stressor（压力源）Astressfulstimulus,aconditiondemandingadaption.Lifeisfullofcircumstancesandeventsknownasstressor.5/9/20244PsychoneuroimmunologyandStressPsychoneuroimmunology(PNI)心理神经免疫学StressDirectphysiologicaleffectHarmfulbehaviorsIndirecthealth-relatedbehavior5/9/20247Categorizingstressors?TherearethreegeneralclassesOfevents:1.Cataclysmicevents（灾难性事件）2.Personalstressors（个人压力源）3.Backgroundstressors（日常压力源）WhatkindsofeventstendtobeSeenasstressful?5/9/20248CategorizingstressorsCataclysmicevents（灾难性事件）Strongstressorsthatoccursuddenly,affectingmanypeopleatonce(e.g.,naturaldisasters)Suchastornadosandplanecrashes,aswellasearthquakelikeTangshanandWenchuaninChina,whichcanaffectnumerouspeoplesimultaneously.5/9/20249CategorizingstressorsPersonal

stressors（个人压力源）Majorlifeevents,suchasthedeathofafamilymember,thathaveimmediatenegativeconsequenceswhichgenerallyfadewithtime.Posttraumaticstressdisorder(PTSD)创伤后应激障碍Aphenomenoninwhichvictimsofmajorcatastrophesorstrongpersonalstressorsreexperiencetheoriginalstresseventandassociatedfeelingsinvividflashbacksordreams.5/9/202410CategorizingstressorsBackgroundstressors（日常压力源）Everydayannoyances,suchasbeingstuckintraffic,thatcauseminorirritationsthatmayhavelong-termilleffectsiftheycontinueorarecompoundedbyotherstressfulevents5/9/202411Categorizingstressors5/9/202412CopingwithstressCoping（应对）:Effortstocontrol,reduce,orlearntotoleratethethreatsthatleadtostress.Onemeansofdealingwithstressthatoccursonanunconsciouslevelistheuseofdefensemechanisms.Defensemechanisms:Unconsciousstrategiespeopleusetoreduceanxietybyconcealingitssourcefromthemselvesandothers.5/9/202413CopingwithstressDefensemechanismsDenial（否认）Repression（压抑）Projection（投射）Displacement（置换）Regression（退行）ReactionFormation（反向形成）Rationalization（合理化）Sublimation（升华）AvoidantcopingSocialsupportCopingstrategies:Emotion-focusedcopingProblem-focusedcopingOneoftheleasteffectiveformsofcoping.Inavoidantcoping,apersonmayusewishfulthinkingtoreducestressorusemoredirectescaperoutes,suchasdruguse,alcoholuse,andovereating.5/9/202414CopingstylesHardiness（耐力）Apersonalitycharacteristicassociatedwithalowerrateofstress-relatedillness,consistingofthreecomponents:commitment,challenge,andcontrolThreecomponentsofhardiness:Commitment（承诺、承担义务）Challenge（挑战）Control（控制）5/9/202415DefenseMechanismsQuiz

Maryhasanargumentwithherboss,butremainscalmwhileatwork.Whenshegetshomethatevening,sheyellsatherspouseandchildren.WhichdefensemechanismisMarydisplaying?

a)Rationalizationb)Denialc)ReactionFormationd)Displacement

5/9/202416DefenseMechanismsQuiz

Jessicadislikespublicspeaking.Shestopsgoingtoschool,changesjobs,anddeclinesmostsocialengagementstoensurethatshedoesnothavetospeakinpublic.Jessica'sbehaviorisanexampleofwhichdefensemechanism?

a)Denialb)Avoidance

c)Sublimationd)ReactionFormation5/9/202417DefenseMechanismsQuiz

Jessoftenexperiencesintensefeelingsofangerandfrustration.Inordertocopewiththesefeeling,heenrollsinakickboxingclassasanoutletforhisemotions.Jess'sactionsareanexampleofwhichtypeofdefensemechanism?

a)Projectionb)Repressionc)Regressiond)Sublimation5/9/202418Illnessandwell-beingTheA’sandB’sofcoronaryheartdiseaseTypeAbehaviorCompetitiveness,impatience,tendencytowardfrustration,andhostilityLeadfast-paced,drivenlives.TypeAbehaviorpatternlinktocoronaryheartdiseaseTypeBbehaviorCooperation,patience,noncompetitiveness,andnonaggressionTypeB-relaxed.5/9/202419PromotinghealthandwellnessFollowingmedicaladviceUncompliancesometimes