大学英语综合教程 1 unit8

Unit8educational

problemsTextAFableofthe

LazyTeenagerPre-reading·Do

you

know

any

fables?Whatarethey?Lion

and

the

Mouse,The

Hare

and

theTortoise,The

Fox

and

the

Grapes,The

Shepherd

Boy

and

the

Wolf,The

Fox

and

the

Crow,The

Dove

and

the

Ant,The

Fox

and

the

Stork.Picture

FableTalking·Directions:·1.Work

in

groups·2.Rebuild

the

fables

according

to

the

pictures

and

keyt

a

presenter

for

your

grouplecdser3

Swo··4.Tell

your

fable

to

the

class

and

the

moral

lessonPicture

FableTalkingPicture

FableTalkingDraw

a

Snake

and

Add

Feet

to

It··Long

long

ago,several

people

had

a

jar

of

wine

amongthem

and

all

of

them

wanted

to

drink

it

by

himself.So

theyset

a

rule

that

every

one

would

draw

a

snake

on

theground

and

the

man

who

finished

first

would

have

thewine.One

man

finished

his

snake

very

soon

and

he

wastd

ir

k

,

h

i

cwidh

dnt

ed

tth

foettetr

twh

r

n

kile.astseeeoseheewwaarsoheesothegnniratoyusoHowever,beforehe

could

finish

the

feet,another

manfinished

and

grabbed

the

jar

from

him,saying,"Who

hasever

seen

a

snake

with

feet?”Picture

FableTalkingPicture

FableTalkingPicture

FableTalkingThe

Fox

and

the

Crow··One

day

a

crow

stood

on

a

branch

near

her

nest

and

feltvery

happy

with

the

meat

in

her

mouth.At

that

time,a

foxsaw

the

crow

with

the

meat,so

he

swallowed

and

eagerlythought

of

a

plan

to

get

the

meat.However,whatever

thefox

said

to

the

crow,the

crow

just

kept

silent.Until

the

foxthought

highly

of

the

crow's

beautiful

voice.“I

am

sureyour

voice

is

even

more

beautiful

than

your

feathers,”saidthe

Fox.“Won't

you

sing

a

song

for

me,Queen

of

Birds?”The

Crow

was

so

pleased

she

could

hardly

sit

still.Shelifted

her

head

high,closed

her

eyes

and

opened

herbeak

to

sing:CAW-CAW-C-CAW-W-W.Themeat

fell

tothe

ground,right

in

front

of

the

Fox.Picture

FableTalkingNever

trust

a

flatter.Picture

FableTalkingPicture

FableTalkingThe

Milkmaid

and

Her

Pailcount

yourchickens

beforethey

arehatched."··A

milkmaid

was

going

to

the

market.She

carried

her

milkinapail

on

her

head.She

dreamt

about

the

eggs

shewould

buy

when

she

sold

the

milk.Theeggswillhatch;ne

he

oul

ellbuyth

inec

s

h

elf

e

shaellnI'o"mserhetrhoitfWes.hnteoklcchifedswwill,shedsrneathenew

dress,and

whenIgototheball,alltheyoungmenwill

dance

withme!"As

she

spoke

she

tossedherheadback.The

pail

immediately

fell

off

her

head,and

all

themilk

was

spilt.The

girl

went

back

without

anything.Shefelt

very

sad."ah,mychild,"saidhermother."DonotPicture

FableTalkingDonotcountyourchickensbeforethey

are

hatched.A

BriefIntroductiontoFableThe

term

fable

refers

to

a

short

story

in

whichanimals

or

inanimate

objects

speak

and

behave

likehumans,usually

to

give

a

moral

point.The

term

comesfrom

the

Latin

fabula,“a

telling.”·

The

greatest

teller

of

fables

was

Aesop.He

wasry

BtoC.

ot

e

r

kreat

s

ler

hofa

s

wi

s

an6

eLa

Fontaine.He

wroteinFranceinthe17thcentury.La

Fontainebasedmanyof

hisfables

onthose

ofAesop.dtheeJthanblelivedofwtellaverGneAbudnveliecbeSome

of

their

best-known

fables

are

The

Lion

and

theMouse,The

Hare

and

theTortoise,The

Fox

and

theGrapes,The

Shepherd

Boy

and

the

Wolf,The

Fox

and

theCrow,The

Dove

and

the

Ant,and

The

Fox

and

the

Stork.In

the

Chinese

language,some

idioms

come

fromfables

such

as

The

Frog

in

the

Shallow

Well,His

Spearagainst

His

Shield

,Making

His

Mark..Typicalfeaturesoffables·Short

tales

r

by

readersseocsusdleeldabutmoyattlcceaevfirgindodtodstatendedbasetetotoNInN---uəbeuəə⊥

Azeīəui

joəlqeH

Yjxə⊥Part

Division·Supposeyouareajournalistandyourpartner

istheauthorofthetext.Youhaveaninterviewwithhim.The-1.the

happening

in

the

drugstore

—the

reason

why

thehim·2.the

author's

feeling

to

the

happening

—theproblemsAmerican

teenagers

are

facing

such

as

ignorance,poor·3.something

about

the

son

of

the

author's

friendauthor

went

there;a

dialogue

between

the

salesgirl

andinterview

should

coverthefollowing

points:ability

of

calculations

and

other

thingsPart

1Interview1.Whydidtheauthorgotothe

drugstore

one

day?Hewantedtobuysomefilefolders.2.Howoldwasthesalesgirl?Under20yearsold.3.Whatwasthesalesgirl'sreactiontotheauthor'sShewasverysurprisedat

it.mentalarithmetic(心算)?QuestionsandAnswersQuestionsandAnswers4.Did

the

salesgirl

believe

that

the

author

did

calculationsYes.Maybe

she

believed

it

because

she

couldnever

do

that.5.Whatwastheauthor?Hewasateacherat

a

college.6.WhatdidtheauthorthinkofAmericanteenagers?

g

i

d

lacking

in

knowledgehyanandgeograpare

ignorantyytorthesthhworldthoufeoHby

magic?Why

orwhy

not?.QuestionsandAnswers7.I

r

e

u

m

ii

n

g

the

most

seriousTheywereindifferenttotheirignorance.8.Why

did

the

author

give

us

the

example

of

his

friend'sSon?He

just

intended

to

show

the

seriousness

of

the

problem.9.According

to

the

author,what

would

happen

if

therestate?rs?asewteena,whatnoaicneofor

Athor'smalebhotpnwas

an

idle,ignorant

labor

force

in

a

modern

industrialThere

would

be

many

problems

in

society

such

asplanecrashes,computer

jamsandbreakdownsofcars.QuestionsandAnswers10.Whatwastheauthor'spurposeofofferingafable?He

just

wanted

to

make

American

teenagers

understandthedangeroftheirignoranceandintellectual

laziness.run

out

of:use

up

orfinish

a

supply

of

(sth.)

To

our

disappointment,our

car

ran

out

of

gasSWhentheyranoutoffood,thesoldierssetabout

huntingformore.halfway

home.Nomodestlyeducatedadultcan

fail

to

be

upset

by

suchanexperience.1.What

is

the

meaning

ofthe

phrase"such

an

experience"?The

phrase“such

an

experience"means

"the2.Paraphrase

the

sentence.Anyadult

whohasgot

average

education

will

feelshows.worried

and

unhappy

about

the

ignorance

the

girlsalesgirl's

ignorance.”modest:adj.

immodest1)Not

very

large/expensive/important,etc.A

modest

little

house2)Not

talking

much

about

your

own

abilities

or

possessionsShe

is

very

modest

about

her

success.Adv.Modestly'You

really

must

be

very

good

at

what

you

do.'—'l

suppose

I

am,'Katesaidmodestly.

)

ut

sho

oinp,e

llyof

the

w

,n

t

in

cl

he

tt

tattention.A

modest

dressracshyas,toottentheiooryn,ommuchspeciaglewpea3upset:vt.1)make(sb.)worry

or

feel

unhappy.Pattern:beupset

by/aboutTheyareterriblyupsetbythe

break-upoftheir

parents'marriage.2)make

ill

inthestomachThe

foreign

food

upset

me/my

stomach.3)knockover,causingconfusionThe

boy

upsettheglassof

milk.Herplanswere

upsetbythechange

in

theweather.ignorant:adj.knowing

littleor

nothingShewas

ignorantofherhusband's

illegalactivities.Otherwiseshe

would

havedoneeverything

possibletostop

him.Collocation:ignorant

about

/of

在…方面无知的Some

peopleare

ignorantofthefactsaboutglobalwarming.我对计算机一窍不通。I'm

ratherignorantaboutcomputer.give

a

briefsummary

(ofsth.)Myteacherwouldsum

upthemain

pointsofthe

lessonbefore

heended

the

class.Alicesummed

up

herChristmas

holidays

inoneword:"Terrible."sum

up:accumulate:v.collect,or

gather

together,esp.over

a

period

of

time;l

have

accumulated

many

books

overthe

lastfewyears.Dust

quickly

accumulates

if

we

don't

sweep

our

room.Collocation:accumulatea

hugemass

ofdatamake

or

become

greater

in

quantity

or

size积累大量资料积攒一笔财富积聚一大批藏书accumulate

experienceaccumulate

a

fortuneaccumulate

a

good

library积累经验Next

>CF:

accumulate&t

amass两者均可指积聚大量的东西。accumulate

强调经年累月地点滴积累。例如：Through

the

years

he

accumulated

sufficient

money

to

buy

a

farm

when

heretired.经过多年积攒，他有了足够的钱在退休时买下一个农场。amass

指在较短的时间内积聚到大量东西，尤指为自己而积聚。例如：Hesoonamassedsufficientevidencetosupport

hiscase.他不久便收集到足够的证据来为他的案子辩护。affect:vt.1)havean

influenceonMore

than

seven

million

people

have

been

affected

by

the

drought.2)causefeelingsofsorrow,anger,love,etc,in(sb.)Martin

LutherKing'sspeechdeeplyaffectedthe

audience.Next

>CF:

affect,effect&influence这里

这

三

个

词

都

作

为

动

词

进

行比

较

。affect表示

“影响”

,

以被影响的人或

物

作

宾

语。

大

致

可

分

为两

种

情

况：1)

“

使…起

变

化”

,

没

有

好

或

坏

的

意

思；

2

)

“对

…

…

发生不良影响”。例如：Nothingyousaywill

affect

my

decision.无论你说什么都不会影响我的决定。Thesmallamountof

rainlastyearaffectedthe

growthof

crops.去

年

雨

少

影响了

庄

稼的生

长

。Next

CF:Effect

n.have

an

effect

on用

作

及

物

动

词

表

示

“

产生，

招

致”

或

“

实

现

”

,以

“

改

进

，

变

化

”

等

类

的词作宾语

。

例如

：Thenewhairdoeffectedastartlingchangeinherappearance.这新发式使她的外貌产生了惊人的变化。Influence

n.

指对行为、性格或观点等产生潜移默化的影响

v.影

响

可

好

可

坏

。Influencesb./sth.

例

如

：Suchfilmshaveadangerous

influenceonchildren.Myteacherinfluenced

mydecisiontostudyscience.idle:adj.1)lazyThe

boy

is

really

idle;hejustsitsaroundthe

houseallday.2)not

workingMen

are

left

idle

when

machines

break

down.3)ofno

useHiswordswerejust

idlethreats;hecan't

harm

us.Collocation:stand

/lie

idle

闲

着Themachinerystood

idlefora

monthbreakdown:1)stopworkingTheelevators

inthisbuildingarealways

breaking

down.2)failTalks

between

the

two

countries

broke

down

when

the

two

sides

failed

toreachanagreement.3)destroy;reduce

or

be

reduced

to

piecesTheybrokethe

doordown.Next

>逃走，逃脱闯入，强行进入；打断；插嘴闯入，强行进入逃脱，逃出；突然发生，爆发突

破打碎；结束；解散；

(学校)开始放假breakbreakbreakbreakbreakawayinintooutthroughbreak

upCollocation:drive

home:make(sth.)clearsothat

people

understand

itPattern:

drive

sth.home(to

sb.)Peter

waslazy.Hisparents

tried

to

drivehome

tohim

theimportance

ofhard

work.我们必须使他彻底明白困难在哪里。Wemustdrive

hometo

himwherethedifficulties

lie.Each

of

the

following

pictures

stands

for

a

Kevin

Hanley

in-Matchthe

picturewiththedescriptionandthentelltheclass

how

this

Kevin

livesPart

2a

certain

year.Kevin

1835

—(B)Kevin1928

—(D)Kevin

1945

—(G)

Kevin

1966

—(E)

Kevin

1990

—(c)Kevin2020

—F)Kevin

2050

—(A)Howthis

Kevin

lives—Kevin1835,a

poor

peasant

inIreland—Kevin

1990,acleanerinaJapanese-ownedfactory·

—Kevin2020,a

porterina

hotelforwealthy

Europeans·-Kevin2050,living

in

a

slum

and

searching

throughtrashpiles

forfood···-Kevin1928,a

steel-mill

worker

in

Pittsburgh,U.S.A.·—Kevin1945,asoldierfightingtheJapanesearmy-Kevin1966,astudentwhostudiesallthe

timesoas

to·

get

into

college

and

law

schooland

Asiansricherthanyouwerebefore;morecomfortable现在，中国人的生活比以前强多了。Nowadays

Chinese

people

are

better

off

than

theyusedto

be.It's

obvious

that

those

who

work

hard

are

better

off

than

those

whodon't.betteroff:scared:

adj.The

lady

hasalwaysbeenscaredofsnakes.I'mscaredtofly

in

a

plane.I'mscared

that

it

might

crash.frightened(oftenfollowedbyof/to

/that-clause)adequate:adj.enough(oftenfollowedbyto

orfor)Is

the

transport

system

adequate

to

deliver

the

food

to

remote

areas?Her

knowledge

of

English

was

adequate

for

the

job.CF:

adequate,enough&sufficient三词均表示“足够的”。adequate指“能够满足特定的或最起码的要求的，符合一个客观标准，兼有适当的意思；Forthe

useofbeginners,thebook

is

adequate.对于初学者来说，这本书也够用了。Next

>Fillintheblankswiththe

adequate,enoughor

sufficient.

1)Wehaven'tgotsufficient

informationfromwhichto

ii

o

n

x

.ance.4)I

hope

you

will

prove

adequate

tothejob.peopleperformor

siuateoafna.hogiouavelusngcensstcanarepiwea)Th)Thedr32enough

指“能够满足

一

种欲望或需要”,比较偏重数量，并可放在所形

容的名词后面。例如：Are

there

enough

apples

for

everyone?sufficient

具有与

enough

相同的意思，只是更为正式，并较强调程度。CF: Itcan

be

inferredthat

inthe

author's

opinion

theJapanese

are

the

symbol

of

success

because

of

theirhard

work,education

and

discipline.Kevin

2020'sfather,who

is

of

course

Kevin

1990

himself,works

as

a

cleaner

in

a

factory

owned

by

the

Japanese.What

can

we

infer

from

the

fact

that

the

factory

inwhich

Kevin

2020's

father

works

is

owned

by

theJapanese

not

the

Chinese

or

people

from

othercountries?Themanexplainsto

Kevinthatwhena

man

has

no

money,educationcansupplythe

humancapital

necessarytostart

toacquirefinancialcapital.1.Translatethesentence

intoChinese.那人跟凯文解释说，如果一个人没有钱，教育能提供

积累金融资本所必需的人力资本。2.Doyouagreewiththatman'sopinion?

Whyorwhy

not?..theyworkandstudyand

learnanddisciplinethemselves.There

are

three

words

of"discipline"in

this

text(Para.19, The

first"discipline"(Para.19)means"训练",thesecond(Para.20)means

“纪律”and

the

last

one(Para.

21)means“约束”. ,Para.21).Tell

the

different

meanings

of

them

ine0s2e.nairhaCPastonish:vt.surprise

very

much;amazeTheywere

greatly

astonished

at

the

extraordinary

beauty

ofthe

picture.Wewereastonishedtohearthathehad

passed

hisdrivingtest.CF:

astonish,amaze,&surprise这三个词在表示“使…惊异”时，意义相近，

一般以事物或人作主语；

以人作主语时，

一般用被动语态。

它们的主要区别在于：astonish

特指不可能解释的事发生后使人产生较强的惊异感情。astonish

表示惊异的时间较

surprise

长久。例如：Next

>They

were

astonished

at

/by

the

news

of

his

escape

.他们对他逃跑的消息感到吃惊。CF:ama

ze

指带有迷惑或赞美的惊奇，是意义很强的词。例如：I

was

amazed

at

/by

her

calmness.我对她的冷静感到惊讶。

(含有“钦佩”之意)surprise

着重因意外之事或特殊的事而产生的突然反应。

例

如

：Her

frank

answer

surprised

him.她坦率的回答使他感到惊讶。miracle:n.an

amazing

or

wonderful

event,esp.sth.that

happensunexpectedlyTherewasasevereearthquakeinthatarea,butbyamiracle,noonewas

killed

in

it.The

teacher

told

me

that

it'd

be

a

miracle

if

I

passed

the

examination.It

was

a

miracle

that

the

pilot

landed

the

plane

in

that

snowstorm.marvel:

侧重

异乎

寻

常，

奇

怪，

从

而

使

人

好

奇

。miracle:

一

般

指

被

认

为

是

人

力

所

办

不

到

的

奇

异

之

事

。wonder:通常

指

使人惊奇的

事

迹、

人

物

或

景

观，主

要

指

人

创

造

的

奇

迹

。faculty:n.1)

mental

and

physical

abilitiesFor

a

woman

of

85,she

still

has

all

her

faculties.It

isa

myththatthefacultyofhearing

isgreatly

increased

in

blind2)alltheteachersofa

universityorcollegeAftersevenyearsofstudy,hesucceeded

injoiningthefacultyof

Columbia

University.people.“Sorry,Pop,”Kevin

1990says."I

havetostudy."1.Why

does

the

boy

say

so?t

a

e

t

n

tpoohard.2.Canyouimagine

hisfather's

reactionto

the

boy'sanswer?ycesturtadimmihepnukmades

himhe

hasm

makndreionhiseducacausefeoBUsefulexpressionsUseful

Expressionsrun

out

ofahandfulofbeupset

by

.aprivate

collegeatinyslice

ofthe

problema

chillingindifference

about.compete

with.1.用完

了2.

一大把3.

为…感到难过4.

私立大学5.

问题的一小部分6.

对…毫不在乎7.

跟…竞争Next

>8.

用不了多久的某个时候9.

生活方式10.

体力劳动11.

使彻底认识到

…12.

愚

见13.故事开始时14.

去商店买

…atsome

pointsoonwayof

lifemanualworkdrive

..homea

humblesuggestionasthestoryopensgo

shopping

for

..Next

>>15.

使某人入睡16.固定工资17.

他把希望寄托在…身上18.比…的境遇好多了19.

从废墟中站起来20.

跃入眼帘put

sb.to

sleepsteadywageshis

hope

lies

in

…befarbetter

offthan

...rise

from

the

ashescatchone's

eyeBack

>Textanalysis1.Stylestudy:parallelismfigure

of

speech·Parallelism

is

the

use

of

components

in

a

sentence

that

are·(1)Planes

will

crash.(2)Heis

always

hot,grammatically

the

same;or

similar

in

their

construction,

o

addsbalance

andrhythm

to

sentences,riegte,mienndg

mivsousmootherflowandthuspersuasiveness,becauseoftheComputers

will

jam.Cars

will

break

down.

(Line

28)repetitionit

employs.always

hungry,

l

may

steal

your

money,your

friend

maypoor.·Class

work:r:oeighamexThe

nFor

e··cheatyou,yourwifemayleaveyou,your

sonmayneglectyou,but

your

dog

will

bewith

you,whether

you

arerich

or·parallelism·atleast

3

sentences2.Cause

and

Effect

Essay

WritingCause

and

effect

essays

are

concerned

with

whythings

happen(cause)and

what

happens

as

a

result(effect).Causeandeffectis

a

common

method

oforganizing

and

discussing

ideas.The

following

tipscanhelpyoudraftthis

type

ofessay:Next

>1)Distinguishbetween