高中化学方程式（总）

高中化学方程式一、非金属单质(F₂,Cl₂,O₂,S,N₂,P,C,Si,H)F₂+H₂===2HF(阴暗处爆炸)F₂+Xe(过量)==XeF₂nF₂+2M===2MFn(M表示大部分金属)2F₂+2H₂O===4HF+O₂(水是还原剂)2F₂+2NaOH===2NaF+OF₂+H₂OF₂+2NaCl===2NaF+Cl₂F₂+2NaBr===2NaF+Br₂F₂+2NaI===2NaF+I₂F₂+Cl₂(等体积)===2CIF(CIF属于类卤素：CIF+H₂O==HF+HC1O)(将H₂在Cl₂点燃；混合点燃、加热、光照发生爆炸Cl₂+2FeCl₂===2FeCl₃(在水溶液中：Cl₂+2Fe²+===2Fe³++3C1)Cl₂+2NaBr===2NaC1+Br₂Cl₂+2Br~=2CI^+Br₂Cl₂+2KI===2KC1+I₂CI₂+2I=2CI~+I₂3Cl₂(过量)+2KI+3H₂O===6HCl+KIO₃3Cl₂+I+3H₂O=6H¹+6CI+IO₃5Cl₂+I₂+6H₂O===2HIO₃+10HCl5Cl₂+I₂+6H₂O=10CI+IO₃+12H+Cl₂+Na₂S===2NaCl+S↓Cl₂+S²-=2CI-+S」Cl₂+SO₂+2H₂O===H₂SO₄+2HClCl₂+SO₂+2H₂O=4H⁴+SO₄²~+2CICl₂+H₂O₂===2HCl+O₂Cl₂+H₂O₂=2H¹+CI~+O₂S(既能由单质制取，又能由离子制取)S(只能由单质制取，不能由离子制取)H₂+2Li2LiH2、还原性PX₃+X₂-A-PXsSi+2NaOH+H₂O==Na₂SiO₃+2H₂↑(Si+2OH-+H₂O=SiO²-+2H₂↑)3S+6NaOH2Na₂S+Na₂SO₃+3H₂O(Cl₂+2OH=CI+CIO+H₂O)(Cl₂+2OH=CI+CIO~+H₂O)(4P+3OH+3H₂O==PH₃↑+3H₂PO₂)Mg+S=MgS2Mg+SiO₂=2MgO+Si2Al+3H₂SO₄===Al₂(SO₄)₃+3H₂12Al+6H⁴=2Al³++3H₂↑2Al+6H⁴=2Al³++3H₂12Al+6H₂SO₄(浓)===Al₂(SO₄)₃+3SO₂+6H₂OAl+4HNO₃(稀)===Al(NO₃)₃+NO↑+2H₂O2Al+2NaOH+2H₂O===2NaAlO₂+3H₂1Al+4H+NO₃=A³++NO1+2H₂O2Al+2OH+2H₂O=2AlO₂~+3H₂↑2Fe+3Br₂===2FeBr₃ (炼钢过程)(FeS既能由单质制备，又能由离子制备)Fe+2HCl===FeCl₂+H₂↑Fe+2H⁴=Fe²++H₂↑Fe+Cu²+=Fe²++Cu↓Fe+SnCl₂==FeCl₂+Sn↓Fe+Sn²+=Fe²++Sn↓4H+2CI+MnO,-Mn²++Cl₂↑+2H₂O4H+2CI+PbO₂-Pb²++Cl₂↑+2H₂O4HCl(g)+O₂⁴-2Cl₂+2H₂O16HCl+2KMnO₄===2KC1+2MnCl₂+5Cl₂↑+8H₂O16H¹+10CI+2MnO₄=2Mn²++5Cl₂1+8H₂O6HCl+KCIO₃==KCl+3Cl₂↑+3H₂O6H¹+5CI+CIO₃=3Cl₂↑+3H₂O14HCl+K₂Cr₂O₇===2KC1+2CrCl₃+3Cl₂↑+7H₂O14H+6CI+Cr₂O₇²-=2Cr³++5Cl₂1+7H₂O2H₇O+2F₇===4HF+O,2HCl+F₂=2HF+Cl₂(F₂气与HCl、HBr、HI、H₂S、NH₃气体不能共存)2HBr+Cl₂=2HCl+Br₂(Cl₂气与HBr、HI、H₂S、NH₃气体不能共存)2H₂S+SO₂===3S↓+2H₂OH₂S+H₂SO₄(浓)===S↓+SO₂↑+2H₂O3H₂S+2HNO₃(稀)===3S√+2NO↑+4H₂O3H₂S+2H¹+2NO₃=3S√+2NO↑+4H₂O5H₂S+2KMnO₄+3H₂SO₄===2MnSO₄+K₂SO₄+5S√+8H₂O5H₂S+2MnO₄+6H⁴=2Mn²++5S↓+8H₂O3H₂S+K₂Cr₂O₇+4H₂SO₄===Cr₂(SO₄)₃+K₂SO₄+3S↓+7H₂O3H₂S+Cr₂O₇²~+8H⁴===2Cr³++3S↓+7H₂OH₂S+4Na₂O₂+2H₂O===Na₂SO₄+6NaOHH₂S+4Na₂O₂+2H₂O=8Na⁴+so?-+OH2NH₃+3Cl₂===N₂+6HCl8NH₃+3Cl₂===N₂+6NH₄ClNH₃+NaNO₂+HCl==NaCl+N₂↑+2H₂ONH₃+NO₂+H¹=N₂↑+2H₂O4NH₃+6NO===5N₂+6H₂O(用氨清除NO)NaH+H₂O===NaOH+H₂1(生氢剂)NaH+H₂O=Na¹+OH~+H₂↑CaH₂+2H₂O=Ca(OH)₂↓+2H₂↑4HF+SiO₂===SiF₄+2H₂O(可测定矿样或钢样中SiO₂的含量，玻璃雕刻)4HF+Si===SiF₄+2H₂↑2HF+CaCl₂===CaF₂+2HClH₂S+Fe===FeS√+H₂↑H₂S+CuCl₂===CuS↓+2HCl(弱酸制强酸的典型反应)H₂S+Cu²+=CuS↓+2H*H₂S+2AgNO₃===Ag₂S↓+2HNO₃H₂S+2Ag⁴=Ag₂S↓+2H*H₂S+HgCl₂===HgS√+2HClH₂S+Pb(NO₃)₂===PbS√+2HNO₃(铅试纸检验空气中H₂S)H₂S+Pb²+=PbS↓+2HH₂S+2Ag===Ag₂S+H₂↑(银器在空气中变黑的原因)2NH₃(液)+2Na==2NaNH₂+H₂↑(NaNH₂+H₂O===NaOH+NH₃↑)NH₃+HNO₃===NH₄NO₃NH₃+H¹=NH₄2NH₃+H₂SO₄===(NH₄)₂SO₄NH₃+H+=NH₄+NH₃+NaCl+H₂O+CO₂===NaHCO₃+NH₄Cl(侯德榜制碱：用于工业制备小苏打，苏打)NH₃+H₂S==NH₄HSNH₃+H₂S=NH₄⁴+HS2SO₂+O₂+2H₂O===2H₂SO₄(这是SO₂在大气中缓慢发生的环境化学反应)SO₂+NO₂===SO₃+NOSO₂+Cl₂+2H₂O===H₂SO₄+2HClSO₂+Br₂+2H₂O===H₂SO₄+2HBrSO₂+I₂+2H₂O===H₂SO₄+2HI2NO+O₂===2NO₂Cl₂+SO₂+2H₂O=4H⁴+SO₄²~+2CIBr₂+SO₂+2H₂O=4H¹+SO²~+2BrI₂+SO₂+2H₂O=4H⁴+SO₄²~+2INO+NO₂+2NaOH===2NaNO₂(用于制硝酸工业中吸收尾气中的NO和NO₂)NO+NO₂+2OH~=2NO₂SO₂+2H₂S===3S+2H₂ONO₂+2KI+H₂O===NO+I₂+2KOH(不能用淀粉KI溶液鉴别溴蒸气和NO₂)4NO₂+H₂S===4NO+SO₃+H₂OSO₂+H₂O===H₂SO₃SO₃+H₂O===H₂SO₄3NO₂+H₂O===2HNO₃+NON₂O₅+H₂O===2HNO₃SO₃+H₂O=2H⁴+SO₄²N₂Os+H₂O=2H⁴+2NO₃CO₂+H₂O===H₂CO₃Cl₂O+H₂O==2HCIOCl₂O₇+H₂O==2HC1O₄Cl₂O₇+H₂O=2H⁴+2CIO₄SO₂+2NH₃+H₂O===(NH₄)₂SO₃SO₂+(NH₄)₂SO₃+H₂O===2NH₄HSO₃2NH₄HSO₃+H₂SO₄===(NH₄)₂SO₄+2H₂O+2SO₂1(硫酸工业尾气处理)SO₃+Ca(OH)₂===CaSO₄↓+H₂OCO₂+NH₃+H₂O===NH₄HCO₃2OH+CO₂=CO₃²~+H₂OOH+CO₂=HCO₃CO₂+3H₂O+AlO₂=Al(OH)₃↓+CO₃²CO₂+2H₂O+AIO₂~=Al(OH)₃↓+HCO₃CO₂+C₆H₅ONa+H₂O===C₆H₅OH丨+NaHCO₃CO₂+C₆H₅O~+H₂O=C₆H₅OH↓+HCO₃SiO₂+CaO高温CaSiO₃(炼钢造渣)SiO₂+2NaOH===Na₂SiO₃2NO₂+2NaOH==NaNO₂+NaNO₃+H₂O2NO₂+2OH=NO₃~+NO₂~+H₂ONO+NO₂+2NaOH==2NaNO₂+H₂O(制取硝酸工业尾气吸收)NO+NO₂+2OH=2NO₃+H₂O五.金属氧化物6FeO+O₂===2Fe₃O₄FeO+4HNO₃===Fe(NO₃)₃+NO₂+2H₂OFeO+4H¹+NO₃-=Fe³++NO₂↑+2H₂ONa₂O₂+2Na---2Na₇O(此反应用于制备Na₂O)MgO,Al₂O₃几乎没有氧化性，很难被还原为Mg,Al.一般通过电解制Mg和AlFe₂O₃+3H₂2Fe+3H₂O(制还原铁粉)Fe₃O₄+4H₂3Fe+4H₂OCuO+H₂Cu+H₂O2Fe₃O₄+16HI==6FeI₂+8H₂O+2I₂2Fe₃O₄+16H⁴+4I=6Fe²++8H₂O+2I₂Fe₂O₃+Fe商温3FeO(炼钢过程中加入废钢作氧化剂)Na₂O+H₂O==2NaOHNa₂O+H₂O=2Na¹+2OH2Na₂O₂+2H₂O===4NaOH+O₂12Na₂O₂+2H₂O=4Na¹+4OH~+O₂1(此反应分两步：Na₂O₂+2H₂O===2NaOH+H₂O₂;2H₂O₂=MgO+H₂O===Mg(OH)₂(缓慢反应)Na₂O+SO₃==Na₂SO₄Na₂O+CO₂==Na₂CO₃MgO+SO₃===MgSO₄Na₂O+2HCl==2NaCl+H₂ONa₂O+2H⁴=2Na⁴+H₂O2Na₂O₂+2CO₂==2Na₂CO₃+O₂↑MgO+H₂SO₄===MgSO₄+H₂OMgO+2H⁴=Mg²⁴+H₂OAl₂O₃+3H₂SO₄===Al₂(SO₄)₃+3H₂OAl₂O₃+6H⁴=2Al³++3H₂OAl₂O₃+2NaOH===2NaA1O₂+H₂OAl₂O₃+2OH~=2AIO₂~+H₂OFeO+2HCl===FeCl₂+H₂OFeO+2H=Fe²++H₂OFe₂O₃+6HCl===2FeCl₃+3H₂OFe₂O₃+6H⁴=2Fe³++3H₂OFe₃O₄+8HCl===FeCl₂+2FeCl₃+4H₂OFe₃O₄+8H⁴=2Fe³++Fe²++4H₂O六.含氧酸(Al₂O₃两性氧化物)4HCIO₃+3H₂S===3H₂SO₄+4HClCIO₃+3H₂S=6H+SO₄²~+ClHCIO₃+HI===HIO₃+HClCIO₃+I⁷=IO₃+Cl3HCIO+HI===HIO₃+3HCl3HCIO+I=IO₃+3H⁴+CIHCIO+H₂SO₃===H₂SO₄+HClHCIO+H₂SO₃=3H⁴+SO₄²+CIHCIO+H₂O₂===HCl+H₂O+O₂↑HCIO+H₂O₂=H¹+CI+H₂O+O₂1-CO₂↑+2SO₂↑+2H₂OH₂SO₄(浓)+2HBr===SO₂↑+Br₂+2H₂OH₂SO₄(浓)+2HI===SO₂↑+I₂+2H₂O(不能用浓硫酸与NaI制取HI)H₂SO₄(稀)+Fe===FeSO₄+H₂↑2H¹+Fe=Fe²++H₂↑H₂SO₃+2H₂S===3S↓+3H₂O5H¹+5NO₃+3P+2H₂O3H₃PO₄+5NO↑4H¹+NO₃+Fe=Fe³++NO1+2H₂O30HNO₃+8Fe===8Fe(NO₃)₃+3N₂O↑+15H₂O30H+6NO₃+8Fe=8Fe³++3N₂O1+15H₂O36HNO₃+10Fe===10Fe(NO₃)₃+3N₂↑+18H₂O36H¹+6NO₃+10Fe=8Fe³++3N₂↑+18H₂O30HNO₃+8Fe===8Fe(NO₃)₃+3NH₄NO₃+9H₂O30H¹+3NO₃+8Fe=8Fe³++3NH₄⁴+9H₂O4Zn+10H¹+2NO₃=4Zn²++N₂O↑+5H₂O4Zn+10HNO₃(稀)==4Zn(NO₃4Zn+10H¹+NO₃=4Zn²++NH₄⁴+5H₂OH₂SO₃+X₂+H₂O=4H¹+SO²+X2H₂SO₃+O₂==2H₂SO₄H₂SO₃+H₂O₂===H₂SO₄+H₂OH₂SO₃+H₂O₂=2H¹+SO₄²+H₂O5H₂SO₃+2KMnO₄===2MnSO₄+K₂SO₄+2H₂SO₄+3H₂O5H₂SO₃+2MnO₄=2Mn²++4H¹+3SO₄²-+3H₂OH₂SO₃+2FeCl₃+H₂O===H₂SO₄+2FeCl₂+2HClH₂SO₃+2Fe³+H₂O=4H+2Fe²++SO₄²3HNO₃+Ag₃PO₄==H₃PO₄+3AgNO₃2HNO₃+CaCO₃==Ca(NO₃)₂+H₂O+CO₂↑2H¹+CaCO₃=Ca²++H₂O+CO₂↑(用HNO₃和浓H₂SO₄不能制备H₂S,HI,HBr,SO₂等还原性气体)4H₃PO₄+Ca₃(PO₄)₂3Ca(H₂PO₄)₂NaH₂PO₄+HBr1(重钙)(不挥发性酸制取挥发性酸，磷酸是非氧化性酸)H₃PO₄(浓)+NalNaH₂PO₄+HI↑H₂SO₃H₂O+SO₂↑(在加热或酸性条件下分解)H₂CO₃≈H₂O+CO₂↑(在加热或酸性条件下分解)H₄SiO₄H₂SiO₃+H₂OH₂SiO₃△SiO₂↓+H₂OH₂S₂O₃H₂O+S↓+SO₂1(在加热或酸性条件下分解)1、低价态的还原性：4Fe(OH)₂+O₂+2H₂O===4Fe(OH)₃2NaOH+SO₂(少量)==Na₂SO₃+H₂OOH+SO₂=SO₃²~+H₂ONaOH+SO₂(足)==NaHSO₃2NaOH+SiO₂==Na₂SiO₃+H₂OOH+SiO₂=SiO₃²~+H₂O2NaOH+Al₂O₃==2NaA1O₂+H₂O20H+Al₂O₃=2AlO₂+H₂O2KOH+Cl₂==KCl+KC1O+H₂OCl₂+2OH=CI+CIO~+H₂ONaOH+HCl==NaCl+H₂OH¹+OH-=H₂ONaOH+H₂S(足)==NaHS+H₂OOH+H₂S=HS~+H₂O2NaOH+H₂S(少量)==Na₂S+2H₂O20H+H₂S=S²~+2H₂O30H+Al³+=Al(OH)₃↓OH+Al(OH)₃=AlO₂~+2H₂ONaOH+NH₄Cl-NaCl+NH₃↑+H₂O2H⁴+2OH^+Ba²++SO₄²~=BaSO₄√2H₂OMg(OH)₂MgO+H₂O3S²+8H⁴+2NO₃=2NO↑+3S+4H₂O3SO²+2H+2NO₃=3SO₄²+2NO1+H₂ONa₂SO₃+S—Na₂S₂O₃Na₂S+Cl₂==2NaCl+S↓(在水溶液中)S²+Cl₂=2CI+S↓Ca(OH)₂+CuSO₄==Cu(OH)₂↓+CaSO₄↓(波尔多液)MgCl₂+2NH₃·H₂O===Mg(OH)₂↓+2NH₄ClMg²++2NH₃·H₂O=Mg(OH)₂↓+2NH₄A1Cl₃+3NH₃·H₂O===A1(OH)₃↓+3NH₄ClAl³++3NH₃·H₂O=Al(OH)₂↓+3NH₄+FeCl₃+3NH₃·H₂O===Fe(OH)₃√+3NH₄ClFe³++3NH₃·H₂O=Fe(OH)₃↓+3NH₄+CuSO₄+2NH₃·H₂O(不足)==Cu(OH)₂↓+(NH₄)₂SO₄Cu²++2NH₃·H₂O=Cu(OH)₂√+2NH₄+Cu(OH)₂+4NH₃·H₂O=Cu(NH₃)₄(OH)₂+4H₂OCu(OH)₂+4NH₃·H₂O=[Cu(NH₃)₄I²⁴+2OH+4H₂O铜氨溶液CuSO₄+4NH₃·H₂O(足)==Cu(NH₃)₄SO₄+4H₂O总方程式Cu²++4NH₃·H₂O=[Cu(NH₃)₄²++4H₂O铜氨溶液AgNO₃+NH₃·H₂O==AgOH↓+NH₄NO₃2AgOH=Ag₂O(灰黑色)+H₂OAg₂O+4NH₃·H₂O=2[Ag(NH₃)₂]'+2OH+3H₂O银氨溶液AgNO₃+2NH₃·H₂O==Ag(NH₃)₂NO₃+2H₂OAg⁴+2NH₃·H₂O=[Ag(NH₃)₂I⁴+2H₂O总方程式ZnSO₄+2NH₃·H₂O(不足)==Zn(OH)₂↓+(NH₄)₂SO₄Zn²++2NH₃·H₂O=Zn(OH)₂↓+2NH₄⁴总方程式Na₃PO₄+2HCl===Na₂HPO₄+2NaClNa₂HPO₄+HCl===NaH₂PO₄+NaClNaH₂PO₄+HCl===H₃PO₄+NaClNa₂CO₃+HCl===NaHCO₃+NaClNaHCO₃+HCl===NaCl+H₂O+CO₂↑PO³+2H⁴=H₂PO₄HPO₄²+H⁴=H₂PO₄H₂PO₄+H¹=H₃POCO₃²+H+=HCO₃HCO₃+H¹=CO₂↑+H₂O3Na₂CO₃+2AlCl₃+3H₂O==2Al(OH)₃↓+3CO₂↑+6NaCl3CO₃²+2Al³++3H₂O=2Al(OH)₃↓+3CO₂↑3Na₂CO₃+2FeCl₃+3H₂O===2Fe(OH)₃√+3CO₂+6NaCl3CO₃²+2Fe³++3H₂O=2Fe(OH)₃↓+3CO₂↑3NaHCO₃+A1Cl₃===Al(OH)₃↓+3CO₂↑3HCO₃+Al³+=2Al(OH)₃√+3CO₂13NaHCO₃+FeCl₃===Fe(OH)₃↓+3CO₂13HCO₃+Fe³+=2Fe(OH)₃↓+3CO₂↑3Na₂S+Al₂(SO₄)₃+6H₂O===2Al(OH)₃↓+3H₂S↑3S²+2Al³++3H₂O=2Al(OH)₃↓+3H₂S↑3NaAlO₂+A1Cl₃+6H₂O==4Al(OH)₃↓+3NaCl3AIO₂+Al³++6H₂O=4Al(OH)₃↓3NaAlO₂+FeCl₃+6H₂O==3Al(OH)₃√+Fe(OH)₃↓+3NaCl3AlO₂+Fe³++6H₂O=3Al(OH)₃↓+Fe(OH)₃√NaA1O₂+NH₄Cl+2H₂O==A1(OH)₃↓+NH₃·H₂O+NaClAlO₂+NH₄+2H₂O=Al(OH)₃↓+NH₃·H₂ONa₂CO₃+H₂O+CO₂===2NaHCO₃CO₃²+H₂O+CO₂=2HCO₃Na₂CO₃+H₂O+2SO₂==2NaHSO₃+CO₂1(1:2)CO₃²+H₂O+2SO₂=2HSO₃+CO₂12Na₂CO₃(足)+H₂O+SO₂==Na₂SO₃+2NaHCO₃(CO₂中的SO₂不能用Na₂CO₃洗气)2CO₃²+H₂O+SO₂=SO₃²+2HCO₃(2:1)Na₂CO₃+SO₂==Na₂SO₃+CO₂(1:1)CO₃²+SO₂=SO₃²+CO₂NaHCO₃+SO₂===NaHSO₃+CO₂(CO₂中的SO₂可能用NaHCO₃洗气)2HCO₃+SO₂=2HSO₃+CO₂2NaHCO₃+SO₂==Na₂SO₃+2CO₂+H₂O2HCO₃+SO₂=SO₃²+2CO₂+H₂ONa₂SiO₃+2HCl===H₂SiO₃↓+NaCl或Na₂SiO₃+2HCl+H₂O===H₄SiO₄↓+2NaClSiO₃²+2H⁴=H₂SiO₃√或SiO₃²+2H¹+H₂O=H₄SiO₄↓Na₂SiO₃+CO₂+2H₂O===H₂SiO₃↓+Na₂CO₃SiO₃²+CO₂+2H₂O=H₄SiO₄√+CO₃²Na₂SO₄+BaCl₂==BaSO₄√+2NaCl(沉淀不溶于盐酸、硝酸)SO₃²+Ba²+=BaSO₄√SO₃²+Ba²+=BaSO₃↓CO₃²+Ba²+=BaCO₃↓Na₂CO₃+CaCl₂==CaCO₃√+2NaCl(NaHCO₃不反应)CO₃²+Ca²+=CaCO₃↓AgNO₃+NaCl==AgCl↓+NaNO₃Ag⁴+CI=AgCl↓AgNO₃+NaBr==AgBr↓+NaNO₃Ag⁴+Br=AgBr↓AgNO₃+KI==AgCl↓+KNO₃Ag⁴+I=AgI↓3AgNO₃+Na₃PO₄==Ag₃PO₄↓+3NaNO₃3Ag⁴+PO₄³=Ag₃PO₄√CuSO₄+Na₂S==CuS↓+Na₂SO₄Cu²++S²=CuS↓Fe³++3SCN=Fe(SCN)₃(血红色，用于Fe³+的特性检验)NH₄Cl=NH₃↑+HCl↑NH₄I=NH₃↑+HI↑2HIH₂+I₂NH₄INH₃↑+H₂↑+I₂↑NH₄HCO;NH₃t+H₂O+CO₂↑H₃PO₄=H¹+H₂PO₄H₂PO₄=H+HPO?HF==H¹+F-H₂SO₃=H¹+HSO;HSO₃=H¹+SO²CH₃COOH—H+CH₃COO-H₂CO₃—H¹+HCO;HCq—=H¹+CO?-H₂S—H¹+HS-HS~=H¹+S²-HNO₂==H+NO?C₆H₅OH=H*+C₆H₅O(苯酚不是酸，显酸性)HCN=—H++CN-H₂O=H¹+OH2H₂O=H₃O¹+OHNH₃·H₂O=NH+2OHNaHSO₄=H¹+Na⁴+SO;Na₂CO₃=2Na⁴+co?NaHS==Na¹+HS-KI==K++INaBr==Na'+BrNaClO==Na'+ClO-十、水解反应1、单水解---可逆水解NH₄Cl+H₂O—NH₃·H₂O+HC1NH₄⁴+H₂O-H¹+NH₃·H₂OFeCl₃+3H₂OFe(OH)₃+3HClA1Cl₃+3H₂O==Al(OH)₃+3HClNa₂CO₃+H₂O==NaHCO₃+NaOHCO₃²+H₂O=-HCO₃+OHNa₂SO₃+H₂ONaHSO₃+NaOHSO₃²+H₂O=-HSO₃+OHHSO₃+H₂O==H₂SO₃+OHNa₂S+H₂O=NaHS+NaOHs²+H₂O==HS+OHHS+H₂O—H₂S+OHNa₃PO₄+H₂O==Na₂HPO₄+NaOHPO₄³+H₂O=HPO₄²+OHNa₂HPO₄+H₂O—NaH₂PO₄+NaOHHPO₄²+H₂O—H₂PO₄+OHNaH₂PO₄+H₂O—H₃PO₄+NaOHH₂PO₄+H₂O=H₃PO₄+OHCH₃COONa+H₂O—CH₃COOH+NaOHCH₃COO+H₂O—CH₃COOH+OHC₆H₅ONa+H₂O=—C₆H₅OH+NaOHC₆H₅O+H₂O==C₆H₅OH+OHCH₃COONH₄+H₂O=CH₃COOH+NH₃·HNH₄F+H₂O—HF+NH₃·H₂OMg₃N₂+6H₂O==Mg(OH)₂↓+NH₃↑(隔绝空气，密封保存)Na₃P+3H₂O==3NaOH+PH₃1(隔绝空气，密封保存)Zn₃P₂+6H₂O==Zn(OH)₂↓+PH₃↑(Zn₃P₂一种老鼠药，PH₃剧毒神经毒剂)C₂H₅ONa+H₂O==C₂H₅OH+NaOH(-)2H₂O+2e-==H₂↑+2OH(+)2Cl-2e-==Cl₂1或2H¹+2e²==H₂↑(-)Cu²++2e-==Cu|(+)2Cl-2e-==Cl₂1(-)2Cu²++4e-==2Cu!(+)2H₂O-4e-==O₂↑+4H*或：40H-4e-==O₂↑+2H₂O4H₂O==4H+4OH(-)4H⁴+4e-==2H₂1(+)4OH-4e-==O₂↑+2H₂O中性电解4H₂O==4H*+4OH(-)4H¹+4e==2H₂1(+)2H₂O-4e²==O₂↑+4H40H-4e-==O₂↑+2H₂O(-)4H₂O+4e-==2H₂↑+4OH(+)4OH-4e-==O₂↑+2H₂O或：4H¹+4e²==2H₂↑2、电镀：镀件作阴极，被镀金属作阳极，被镀金属的含氧酸盐作电解质溶液镀件(-)Cu²++2e==Cu↓镀件(-)Zn²++2e==Zn↓镀银：AgNO₃电镀液镀件(-)Ni²++2e==Ni↓纯镍(+)Ni-2e==Ni²+3、熔融状态下的电解：(-)2Na¹+2e-==2Na(+)2CI-4e==Cl,↑(+)6O²-12e-==30,1C极(+)O₂+2H₂O+4e==4OH-(还原反应)Pb极(-)Pb+H₂SO₄-2e==PbSO₄+2H+PbO₂极(+)PbO₂+H₂SO₄+2H+2e==PbSO₄+2H₂O化学方程式Pb+PbO₂+2H₂SO₄==2PbSO₄+2H₂OPb极(-)PbSO₄+2H*-2e==Pb+H₂SO₄PbO₂极(+)PbSO₄+2H₂O+2e==PbO₂+H₂SO₄+2H化学方程式2PbSO₄+2H₂O==Pb+PbO₂+2H₂SO₄(-)Li-e==Li+(+)MnO₂+Li¹+e==LiMnO₂+H₂O化学方程式Li+MnO₂==LiMnO₂Zn极(-)Zn+2OH~-2e==ZnO+H₂OCu极(+)Ag₂O+H₂O+2e==2Ag+2oH化学方程式Zn+Ag₂O==ZnO+2AgPt极(-)2H₂+4OH--4e==4H₂OPt极(+)O₂+2H₂O+4e==4OHCH₄—O₂(NaOH)