Chapter 7 进出口商品检验与检疫 Commodity inspection and quarantine

Chapter7

CommodityInspection

&

Quarantine案例我国某制造厂进口一套设备，合同规定，货到后，由中国商检局进行检验，合同还明确规定：卖方提供的是“全新设备”。在到货检验安装过程中，发现设备中部分部件有使用过的痕迹，于是凭商检局出具的商检证书向外商索赔。起初，外商矢口否认其提供的设备有问题，拒绝理赔。后来，中方邀请外商的总裁来现场看货，经中方强调合同中订有“全新设备”条款和中国商检局出具的证明是有效的。在中方有理有据的情况下，外商终于赔偿买方50万美元。启示通过上述案例，说明进出口货物检验的重要性，只要在买卖合同中明确合理地规定检验条款，并按约定的条款认真检验，一旦发现货物不符合同规定，即可凭检验证明向责任方索赔，以维护合同当事人的合法权益。I.IntroductiontoI&QIninternationaltrade,inspectioninstitutionsmustusu.examinethequality,quantity,packing,etc.ofthegoodsdeliveredbythesellertomakesurewhetherthegoodsareinconformitywiththestipulationsofthecontractandL/C,orinspectsafetyandsanitationconditions(卫生条件),environmentalandlaborprotectionconditionsastothegoods,orquarantineplantsandanimals(动植物检疫)inaccordancewiththerelativelawsanddecreesofthecountry.Receiptmeansthatthegoodshavecomeintothecontrolofthebuyerwithoutownershiporagreementtoanyaspectofthegoods.Acceptancemeansthatthebuyerhasthecontrolofthegoodswithconsentregardingthegoodsdelivered.ReceiptandacceptanceReceiptdoesnotmeanacceptanceandacceptance

meansmorethanreceipt.Buyersareentitledtohavetherighttoinspectthegoodsbeforeacceptanceofthegoods.Therealizationofdeliveryofthegoodswillgothrough3steps:DeliveryInspectionorexaminationAcceptanceorrejectionabuyerusuallyacceptthegoodshehasreceivedafterhemakeinspectiononthegoodsandconfirmthatthegoodsareinconformitywiththecontract.AcceptanceAcceptancegenerallycanbemadeby:expressingstatementofacceptance;orgivingnorejectionafterareasonabletime.Ifabuyerdoesnotintendtoacceptthegoodshehasreceived,heshouldgiveaclearrejectionwithinareasonabletimeandshouldnotdisposethegoodsagainsttheseller’sownership.Buyer:abuyerwantstomakecertainthatthegoodsdeliveredtohimareexactlythegoodsdescribedbythecontracthehassignedwiththeseller.ReasonsofInspectionSeller:firstly,asellerwantstocontrolthequalityofthegoodssothathiscredibilitywillnotbedamagedandthemarketwillbedeveloped.Secondly,asellerwantstoprovewithaninspectiondocumentthatthegoodsdeliveredhavemettherelevantcontracttermssothathewillnotberesponsibleforanyproblemsinthegoodsafterdelivery.ReasonsofInspectionReasonsofinspectionCertainimport&exportcommoditiesaresubjecttomandatoryinspection(强制检验)underacountry’slawsandregulations,andcannotbeexemptedfrominspection(免检),eveniftheimporterorexporterwantstoapplyforanexemption.2.Inspectioninstitution3.Certificateofinspection4.InspectionclausesTimeandplaceofinspectionII.InspectionofcommodityIngeneral,therearefourwaystostipulatetheplaceandtimeofinspectionofqualityandquantity.1.Timeandplaceofinspection1)tomakeinspectionintheexportcountry2)tomakeinspectionintheimportcountry3)tomakeinspectionintheexportcountry,re-inspectionintheimportcountry4)tomakeweightinspectionattheport/placeofshipment,qualityinspectionattheport/placeofdestination1.TimeandplaceofinspectionInspectionofgoods1)tomakeinspectionintheexportcountryWiththismethod,thegoodscanbeinspectedattheseller’sfactoryorattheportofshipment-Shippingqualityandquantity(离岸品质、离岸重量).Suchanarrangementwillensuretheshipmentofqualifiedgoodsandthereforemayrelievetheselleroffurtherresponsibilitiesforthequalityandquantity.Inspectionofgoods2)tomakeinspectionintheimportcountrysuchinspectioniscarriedoutwhenthegoodshavelandedtheimportingcountry,suchasatthebuyer’splaceorattheportofdestination-Landedqualityandquantity(到岸品质、到岸重量).Underarrivaldeliverytermstheriskswillpasstothebuyeronlyintheimportingcountryandthesellerhastheresponsibilitytodeliverconforminggoodswhentheriskspassover.Inspectionofgoods3)Inspectionattheportofshipmentandre-inspectionattheportofdestination

Withthismethodofinspection,theinspectioncertificatefromtheportofshipmentwillbeusedasoneofthedocumentsforthesellertonegotiatepayment.Butthebuyerretainstherighttore-inspectthegoodsandtoclaimforcompensationifthemerchandiseisnotinconformitywiththecontract.Thisisacommonmethodusedinpractice.Inspectionofgoods4)ShippingquantityandlandedqualityWeightinspectionattheport/placeofshipmentismadebytheseller,qualityinspectionattheport/placeofdestinationismadebythebuyerShippingweightandlandedquality(离岸重量、到岸品质)2.Commodityinspectioninstitution1)thetypeofCommodityinspectioninstitution2)CommodityinspectioninstitutioninChinaanditsdutyTherearemainlythreetypesofinspectionagencies:state/officialinspectionagenciessemi-officialinspectionagenciesprivateinspectioncompanies1)thetypeofCommodityinspectioninstitutionChinaFoodandDrugAdministration(国家食品药品监督管理总局)U.S.FoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)Theseagenciesareprimarilyregulatorsbutarealsoresponsiblefortheinspectionofcertainveryimportantgoods.

①stateinspectionagenciesExamplesofsuchinspectioncompaniesincludeUnderwritersLaboratoryoftheU.S.(美国保险人实验室),

Lloyd’sSurveyoroftheUK(英国劳合氏公证行),andChinaNationalImportExportCommoditiesInspectionCorporation,whoseinspectionresultscanbesemi-officialduetogovernmentauthorization.②semi-officialinspectionagenciesMostoftheinspectionagenciesintheworldareprivatelyrunindependentcompanies.

瑞士日内瓦通用鉴定公司（SocieteGeneralDeSurveilance)日本海外货物检验株式会社（OMIC）③Privateinspectioncompanies

GeneralAdministrationofQualitySupervision,InspectionandQuarantineofP.R.C国家质量监督检验检疫总局（国家质检总局）EntryandExitInspectionandQuarantineBureau

“出入境检验检疫局”国家质检总局主管全国进出口商品检验工作。国家质检总局设在省、自治区、直辖市以及进出口商品的口岸、集散地的出入境检验检疫局及其分支机构，管理负责地区的进出口商品检验工作。2)CommodityinspectioninstitutioninChinaanditsduty2)CommodityinspectioninstitutioninChinaanditsduty1)Makinglegalinspection法定检验2)Supervisionandadministration监督管理3)Authenticattestingbusiness公正鉴定业务Themaindutiesoftheinspectionbureauareasfollows:3.Certificateofinspection1)ThefunctionofCertificateofinspection2)2)thekindsofCertificateofinspectionCertificatesareusedtoverifywhetherthegoodsareinconformitywiththetermsofcontract.Iftheverificationispositive,thecertificatesarethedocumentsforpayment.1)ThefunctionofCertificateofinspectionIfcommoditiesarefoundtobenotuptothequalitystandard,damagedorshortonweightorquantity,theconsigneeshallapplytothecommodityinspectionauthoritiesforinspectionandtheissuanceofaninspectioncertificate,andsuchacertificatemaybenecessaryforrefusalofthegoodsandclaimforcompensation.1)ThefunctionofCertificateofinspectionInspectionCertificateofQuality品质检验证书InspectionCertificateofWeight重量检验证书InspectionCertificateofQuantity数量检验证书VeterinaryInspectionCertificate兽医检验证书(frozenmeatorleather)SanitaryInspectionCertificateorInspectionCertificateofHealth卫生/健康检验证书(cannedfood,eggs,milk)(p.259)Disinfection