英语六级听力之短文省公开课一等奖全国示范课微课金奖课件

CET4

：听力---

passage1/34二、短文部分

全真短文以普通知识型短文和人物故事为主，还包含几篇说明文和社会热门话题类短文．普通知识型短文在内容上介于科普知识和社会问题之间；人物故事普通描述历史上真人真事和常人经历或生活趣闻；说明文是对事物或现象进行说明或解释；热门话题类短文讲述人都为人们所关注热点问题．（一）主观题型

主观题型从提问性质看大致分为主旨题型和综合推断题型两种．（二）客观题型2/34主旨题型

短文中心思想是对全文概括，对全文基本了解。与事实题型相反。主旨题型主要测试考生对全文了解．这类问题要求考生从四个选择项中挑出最适当做中心思想句子或最适合做标题句子，属于主观性问题．在历年真题中，主旨题型提问方式主要有：Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?Whatdowelearnfromthestory?Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

因为表现手法不一样，主旨句位置也就不固定，或在段首，或在段尾，或者段首段尾相结合，共同表示一个完全主题．段首句为主题句文章属于演绎性文章。文章开头就明确主题，然后用演绎法，将观点展开．结尾句为主题句文章属于归纳性文章．文章是称述论点、论据，最终得出结论-------文章主题．首尾句呼应表示一个完整概念，表示文章中心思想．3/34综合推断题型

该题目测试考生推理判断能力.要求依据短文提供已知信息作出合理推测和正确判断.这类题目在全真试题中所占百分比很大.按其提问方式是非判断也包含在内。主要提问方式以下:Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?Whatdoesthepassagetellusabout…?Whatdowelearnfromthestory?WhatwasEdwardsdoingwhen?Whatisthespeaker’simpressionof…?Whatis…profession?Whathappenedintheend?WhichofthefollowingisNottrue?

综合推断题要求考生利用所学语言知识、语法知识，依据自己综合常识，结合材料中语境进行判断．判断要符合逻辑．4/34客观题型

客观题型主要测试考生对短文细节判别能力。这类题目与主观题区分在于：其答案在原文中较明确．这类题目包括面很广，提问普通以wh-question和how-question进行，所问内容包括到人名、地点、时间、年代、数字、原因、目标等方面。解题关键在于听清录音，找出正确选项出处，以排除干扰项，从而确定问题答案。综观历届考试，再应试时应注意以下几个方面：预览选项经过预览选项能够预测短文内容及提问形式。抓住主题句抓住文章主题句就轻易掌握文章中心思想．要尤其注意听清文章开头和结尾一、两句，因为它们经常是主题句．统计事实大致预测到题目标要求及短文内容，在听音过程中，就要有目标去抓听、统计与题目相关事实，比如：时间、地点、人物等．这些信息统计最好不要按选项次序，而是依据录音中提供先后次序在空白处统计。不然，会因在选项中找不到需要信息而分心，影响下文听音．

5/34４．抓住信息词即一些连接短文各个句子、表明上下文逻辑关系词，对了解短文非常主要，对于短文内容怎样发展起到信号指示作用。这类词大致可分为四类：Ａ．起次序连接作用词，即并列、递进、例示作用词，如：and,also,inaddition,forexample,furthermore,morethanthat,likewise,moreover,whatismore等;Ｂ．起逆接作用词，即表明下面内容和上面内容发生了转折词，如：but,however,inspiteof,onthecontrary,instead,although,otherwise,despite,nevertheless,yet等；Ｃ．表示因果关系词，如：because,since,asaresult,therefore,for,thus,forthisreason,so,as,since,consequently等；Ｄ．表示短文层次和先后关系词，如：first,second,last,before,after,then,accordingly,finally,next,afterward等；6/34E.表概括(summary)词

asaresult,finally,therefore,accordingly,inshortso,thus,consequently,inconclusion,inbrief,inaword等；

５．学会推断依据明示信息和录音字里行间进行综合推断。这类题目比明示信息题目难多．６．听清问题解题是听短文目标，所以听清短文后问题是解题关键．7/34关于短文听力训练方法

Step1听第一遍时认真做题Step2再精听4-5次，到达全文统计Step3对照文字材料找答案和考点Step4朗诵全文培养语感提升语速8/34考试时候语段题解题步骤

1．听之前看选项

1)看选项长短

2)找出选项中相同词：高频词汇——方便确定文章内容和范围

3)找数字题——年代，时间，数目，金钱（听到什么选什么）

9/342．抓两头1)听到结尾——>回想结尾一两句话2)什么时候结束？重复词(重复出现词就是文章所讲述重点内容)，同时提醒文章快要结束了Asaresult,so,therefore,thus均提醒文章快要结束了10/343．中间抓小词1)要切记以下七个小词：first,most,because出现，99%会出考题

only,just也会出考题but,however也会出考题

11/342)常考逻辑关系：并列：and因果：because转折：but,however

递进：themore,themore让步：despite,although,though12/34总结投机取巧标准听即标准：听见什么选什么重读标准：语音区分，读屡次。次序标准：行文次序和题目一致主题标准：头三尾二原因标准：原因最常考because,so,as转折标准：转折次常考buthoweveryet13/34光明标准：事情都向好方向发展最高级标准：形容词副词最高级形式一旦出现，则此句即成为考点，如：themostimportantreasonis……;theirbiggesttroublewas……;heworkedmostefficientlywhen……科学研究标准：科学研究表明……偏怪小标准：故事总是很稀奇古怪14/34尤其提醒：短文听力最忌讳方式不动手:忌讳闭眼、低头，伏案多而不精不愿朗诵15/34养成良好习惯只需要坚持4周，便能改变一生习惯

16/34EXERCISES17/34Passageone

Questions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11. A)Hewasonceafriendoftheruler.B)Hewasataxcollector.C)Hewasagovernmentofficial.D)HewasonceaschoolteacherinIndia.12. A)Todeclarenewwaysofcollectingtax.B)Toentertainthosewhohadmadegreatcontributionstothegovernment.C)Tocollectmoneyfromthepersonsinvited.D)Torewardoutstandingtaxcollectors.13. A)Theytriedtocollectmoremoneythantheruleraskedfor.B)Theyweregivensomesilverandgoldcoinsbytheruler.C)Theywereexcusedfrompayingincometax.D)Theyenjoyedbeinginvitedtodinnerattheruler’spalace.18/34DAC19/34PassageOne

Afriendofminetoldmethatwhenhewasayoungman,hewenttoworkasateacherinoneofthestatesofIndia.Onedayhereceivedaninvitationtodinnerattheruler'spalace.Verypleased,hewenttotellhiscolleagues.Theylaughedandtoldhimthemeaningoftheinvitation.Theyhadallbeeninvitedandeachpersonwhowasinvitedhastobringwithhimacertainnumberofsilverandgoldcoins.Thenumberofcoinsvariedaccordingtotheperson'spositionintheserviceofthegovernment.

Myfriend'sincomewasnothigh,sohedidnothavemuchtopay.Eachpersonboundbeforetheruler,hisgoldwentontoonehip,hissilverwentontoanotherhip,andinthiswayhepaidhisincometaxfortheyear.Thiswasasimplewayofcollectingincometax.

Thetaxonpropertywasalsocollectedsimply:Therulergaveamanthepowertocollectataxfromeachowneroflandorpropertyinacertainareaifthismanpromisedtopaytheruleracertainamountofmoney.Ofcoursethetaxcollectormanagedtocollectmoremoneythanhepaidtotheruler.Thedifferencebetweenthesumofmoneyhecollectedandthesumofmoneyhegavetotherulerwashisprofit.20/34Questions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

11.Whatdoweknowaboutthespeaker'sfriend?

12.Whatwastherealpurposeoftheruler'sinvitation?

13.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutthetaxcollectors?21/34PassageTwoQuestions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14. A)Theylikedtraveling.B)Theywantedtofindabetterplacetolivein.C)Theyweredrivenoutoftheirhomes.D)Thereasonsareunknown.15. A)TheytrytoputupwithGypsies.B)TheyareenviousofGypsies.C)TheyareunfriendlytoGypsies.D)TheyadmirethemusicaltalentoftheGypsies.16. A)Specialschoolshavebeensetupforthem.B)Permanenthomeshavebeenbuiltforthem.C)Theyarenowtaughtintheirownlanguage.D)Theyarenowallowedtoattendlocalschools.22/34BAC23/34Passagetwo

Aroundtheyear1000A.D.,somepeoplefromNorthwestIndiabegantotravelwestwards.Nobodyknowswhy.Afterleavingtheirhomes,theydidnotsettledownagainbutspenttheirlivesmovingfromoneplacetoanother.TheirlatergenerationsarecalledtheRomanypeopleorGypsies.ThereareGypsiesallovertheworld.Andmanyofthemarestilltravelingwithnofixedhomes.Thereareabout8millionofthem,including3millioninEasternEurope.

Gypsiessometimeshaveahardtimeinthecountrieswheretheytravel,becausetheyaredifferent.Peoplemaybeafraidofthem,lookdownonthemorthinkthattheyarecriminals.TheNazistreatedtheGypsiescruelly,liketheJews.AndnobodyknowshowmanyofthemdiedinHitler'sdeathcamps.

Gypsieshavetheirownlanguage,Romany.Theylikemusicanddancing,andtheyoftenworkinfairsandtravelingshows.

TravellingisveryimportanttothemandmanyGypsiesareunhappyiftheyhavetostayinoneplace.Becauseofthis,itisdifficultforGypsieschildrentogotoschool.AndGypsiesareoftenunabletoreadandwrite.Insomeplaces,theeducationauthoritiestrytoarrangespecialtravellingschoolsforGypsychildrensothattheycangetthesameeducationasotherchildren.24/34Questions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

14.WhydidtheancestorsofGypsiesleavetheirhome?

15.WhatistheattitudeofsomepeopletowardsGypsies?

16.WhatmeasurehasbeentakentohelpGypsychildren?25/34PassageThree

Questions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.17. A)Thecausesareobvious.B)Thecausesareverycomplicated.C)Thecausesarefamiliar.D)Thecausesarenotwellunderstood.18. A)Regulardrivertraining.B)Improvedhighwaydesign.C)Strictertrafficregulations.D)Betterpublictransportation.19. A)Highwaycrime.B)Poortrafficcontrol.C)Confusingroadsigns.D)Drivers’errors.20. A)Designingbettercars.B)Buildingmorehighways.C)Increasingpeople’sawarenessoftrafficproblems.D)Enhancingdrivers’senseofresponsibility.26/34DABD27/34Passagethree

Asthecarindustrydevelops,trafficaccidentshavebecomeasfamiliarasthecommoncold.Yettheircauseandcontrolremainaseriousproblemthatisdifficulttosolve.

Expertshavelongrecognizedthatthisdiscouragingproblemhasmultiplecauses.Attheveryleastitisaproblemthatinvolvesthreefactors:thedriver,thevehicleandtheroadway.Ifalldriversexercisedgoodjudgementatalltimes,