英语国家概况-Chapter-6

Chapter6American&BritishAnthems&FlagsANINTRODUCTIONTOTHEENGLISH-SPEAKINGCOUNTRIESContentsTheStar-SpangledBannerGodSavetheQueen(orKing)TheStarsandStripes

UnionJackANTHEMAsong,ahymn,amarchorothermusicalcompositionthathasbeenofficiallyadoptedbythegovernmentandhasbecomeacceptedasthecountry’santhembypopularusage.6.1TheStar-SpangledBannerTheStar-SpangledBannerisapatrioticsongwrittenbyFrancisScottKeyonSeptember14,1814,andofficiallyadoptedonMarch3,1931,asthenationalanthemoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.6.1TheStar-SpangledBannerThelyricscomefrom"DefenceofFortMcHenry",apoemwrittenin1814bythe35-year-oldlawyerandamateurpoet,FrancisScottKey,afterwitnessingthebombardmentofFortMcHenrybytheBritishRoyalNavyshipsinChesapeakeBayduringtheBattleofFortMcHenryintheWarof1812.6.1TheStar-SpangledBannerThepoemwassettothetuneofapopularBritishsongwrittenbyJohnStaffordSmithfortheAnacreonticSociety,amen’ssocialclubinLondon.“TheAnacreonticSong”,withvariouslyrics,wasalreadypopularintheUnitedStates.SettoKey’spoemandrenamed“TheStar-SpangledBanner”,itwouldsoonbecomeawell-knownAmericanpatrioticsong.Witharangeofoneandahalfoctaves(八音度),itisknownforbeingdifficulttosing.6.1TheStar-SpangledBannerAlthoughthesonghasfourstanzas,onlythefirstiscommonlysungtoday,withthefourth(“O!thusbeiteverwhenfreemenshallstand…”)addedonmoreformaloccasions.Thefourthstanzaincludestheline“Andthisbeourmotto:InGodisourTrust”.TheUnitedStatesadopted“InGodWeTrust”asitsnationalmottoin1956.6.1TheStar-SpangledBanner“TheStar-SpangledBanner”wasrecognizedforofficialusebytheNavyin1889,andbyPresidentWoodrowWilsonin1916,andwasmadethenationalanthembyacongressionalresolutiononMarch3,1931,whichwassignedbyPresidentHerbertHoover.6.2GodSavetheQueen(orKing)GodSavetheQueen(King)isthenationalanthemoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.6.2GodSavetheQueen(orKing)6.2GodSavetheQueen(orKing)6.2GodSavetheQueen(orKing)Thefirstknownpublicperformance-attheDruryLaneTheatre,London.Theauthorshipofthethreeoriginalstanzasandthemusichasneverbeenknown.Themusic,issometimescreditedtoHenryCarey.

6.2GodSavetheQueen(orKing)TheanthemfirstdemonstratestheideaofsingingpraisesoftheKing(theQueen),whichistheout-of-ideafashion,thentherulingofthecollapsedBritishempireandfinallythekeepingofthereignoftheBritishsovereign.However,thenationalisticoriginalsecondstanzahasbeenreplaced.Theanthemshowsthespiritofthesocialsystemintermsofconstitutionalmonarchy.Buttheideaofunityamongnationsshouldbenoticedinthehymn.“Menshouldbrothersbe”istheideaexpressedinthesecondstanza.6.3TheStarsandStripes6.3TheStarsandStripesTheStarsandStripesisalsocalledOldGlory,orStar-SpangledBanner,whichisthenationalflagoftheUSA,consistingofwhitestars(50fromJuly4,1960)onabluecanton,withafieldof13alternatestripes,7redand6white.The50starsstandforthe50statesintheUSAandthe13stripesstandfortheoriginal13states.6.3TheStarsandStripesThirteenhorizontalstripesalternatingredandwhite;inthecanton,50whitestarsonabluefield

TheUSARedStrengthandbraveryWhitePurityandinnocenceBlueHardworkandjusticeStarsFiftystatesStripesTheoriginalthirteenstatesthatjoinedtogethertofightforindependencefromBritain.6.3TheStarsandStripesOldGloryisacommonnicknamefortheflagoftheUnitedStates,bestowedbyWilliamDriver,anearlynineteenthcenturyAmericanseacaptain.

ThisoriginalOldGlorywasmadeandpresentedtotheyoungCaptainDriverbyhismotherandsomeyoungladiesofhisnativeSalem,Massachusetts.Theyearisuncertain,butitwasprobablysometimeinthe1820s.6.3TheStarsandStripesItisalargeflag,measuring10feetby17feet,heavilyconstructedanddesignedtobeflownfromaship'smast.Itoriginallyhad24starsand,symbolicofitsnauticalpurpose,includesasmallanchorsewninthecornerofitsbluecanton.Thecaptainwasverypleasedwithhisgift,andalwayskeptitwithhim.Bymostaccounts,hefirsthailedtheflagas"OldGlory,"whenheleftharborforatriparoundtheworldin1831-1832,ascommanderofthewhalingvesselCharlesDoggett.

6.3TheStarsandStripesOldGloryservedastheship'sofficialflagthroughoutthevoyage.Someweatheringandfrayingalmostcertainlyoccurredduringthissevereservice,andtheflagshowsevidenceofpatchingonmorethanoneoccasion.6.3TheStarsandStripesTheFirstFlags---TheAmericanflaghasnotalwayslookedthewayitdoestoday.TheUnitedStateshaschanged.SohastheAmericanflag!---WhentheUnitedStateswasanewcountry,therewere13states.ThefirstAmericanflaghad13starsand13stripes.Thestarsandstripesstoodforthefirststatesofthecountry.6.3TheStarsandStripesEarlyFlagsdidnotalwayslookthesame.---Overtheyears,theflagchanged.Morestatesjoinedthecountry.Morestarsandstripeswereaddedtotheflag.Butthestarsandstripesdidnotlookthesameoneveryflag.Thestarswereplacedindifferentways.Somestarsevenhadadifferentnumberofpoints.Flagmakerssometimesmadethestripeslookdifferent,too.6.3TheStarsandStripes6.3TheStarsandStripesOneFlagforEveryone---In1912,PresidentTaftsaidthatallUnitedStatesflagshadtolookthesame.Eachflagneeded13stripes.Thereshouldbeastarforeverystate.Thestarsshouldbeinrows.---TodayschoolshaveAmericanflagsthatflyoverhead.Youcanalsoseetheflaginfrontofotherpublicbuildings,suchaslibrariesandfirestations.Parksandsportsfieldshaveflags,too.6.3TheStarsandStripesPledgetotheFlag---In1892,FrancisBellamywroteapledge,orpromise,totheflag.ItiscalledthePledgeofAllegiance.Thepledgewasfirstprintedinamagazineforyoungpeople.Schoolchildrenallacrossthecountrybegantosaythepledgeeveryday.Manychildrenstillsaythepledgetoday.SayingthepledgeisanotherwaytohonortheflagandAmerica.6.4UnionJack6.4UnionJackTheUnionFlag,alsoknownastheUnionJack,isthe

nationalflagoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland,whichcombinesthecrossesofSt.George(patronsaintofEngland),St.Andrew(patronsaintofScotland)andSt.Patrick(patronsaintofIreland).6.4UnionJackItretainsanofficialorsemi-officialstatusinsomeCommonwealthRealms;forexample,itisknownastheRoyalUnionFlaginCanada.ItisalsousedasanofficialflaginsomeofthesmallerBritishoverseasterritories.ThecurrentdesigndatesfromtheUnionofGreatBrit