4合1必刷07(原卷版)-高一英语主题语境+策略运用+素养提升4合1必刷题

高一英语主题语境+策略运用+素养提升4合1必刷题07主题语境：工作职业策略学习：阅读理解之文章大意题的解答【策略学习】文章大意题文章大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确定位文章主旨大意的能力。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。策略1：主题句法解答主旨大意题，找准文章的主题句是关键。下面介绍两种快速找出主题句的方法。(1)根据文体和写作手法来定位主题句(2)根据行文标志来定位主题句转折词如but，however，infact，actually等时，其后的内容往往是作者真正想要表达的观点。总结词如therefore，thus，inshort，conclude等，其后的内容往往是文章的主题。疑问句若首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答可能是文章的主题。策略2：高频词法全文中无明显主题句时，我们可以利用文章中的高频词。任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。策略3：逆向思维法在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有哪些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，接近的即为正确选项。1.正确选项特征：涵盖性强，覆盖全文2.错误选项特征(1)以偏概全，主次不分(2)无中生有，曲解文意【典例】(2020·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)Someparentswillbuyanyhigh－techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild，butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath－relatedskills.PsychologistSusanLevine，anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityofChicago，foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income，educationandtheamountofparenttalk，Levinesaid.Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child－parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot，ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋转)andtranslateshapes，”Levinesaidinastatement.Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould，andabouthalfofthechildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher－incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently，andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However，boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls，andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythantheparentsofgirls.ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Amathematicalmethod.B.Ascientificstudy.C.Awomanpsychologist.D.Ateachingprogram.【分析】·第一步读文章，概括文意：本文介绍了芝加哥大学的一项科学研究，该研究表明，对于2到4岁的孩子来说，玩拼图游戏对他们今后空间技能的提高有益；高收入家庭的孩子接触拼图游戏的时间更长，而且男孩子比女孩子玩的拼图更复杂。·第二步利用关键词法定主旨：文章多次出现了researchers，expert，study，findings等词，主要介绍的是一项科学研究。·第三步排除3种错误选项：选项A、D无中生有曲解文意；选项C以偏概全主次不分。【素养提升】一、阅读理解1NASAhasanewjoblisting,andit'snojoke.TheUSspaceagencyislookingfora"joker"tojointheirjourneytoMars.AjourneytoMarsisnolaughingmatter.Onaverage,theredplanetis140millionmilesaway.Atriptherewouldtakearoundeightmonthsinasmallspaceship.Asitisdifficulttocommunicate,astronautswillhavetowait20minutesforareplywhenanemergencyhappens.“Whenyou'relivingwithothersinaconfinedspaceforalongtime,suchasonamissiontoMars,problemswillhappen,”saidJeffreyJohnson,ascientistattheUniversityofFlorida.ThisisprobablywhyNASAwantsanastronautwithasenseofhumor.Thesepeoplehavetheabilitytopulleveryonetogether.Instressfulsituations,perhapshumorisawaytoknowwearen'talone.Bylaughingtogether,wesharestress,Thenwecanfocusonourjobsinsteadofjustworrying.Thereareotherexamplesofteam“jokers”.OneexampleisthejourneytotheSouthPoleledbyNorwegianexplorerRoaldAmundsen,Adolf,acookatAmundsen'steam,was"joker".Hemadepeoplelaughthroughthewholedifficultanddangerousjourney,AmundsenlaterwrotethatAdolfwasthemostvaluablememberoftheteam.Butifyou'rehopingthatyourfavoriteTVcomedianwillflytoMars,thatprobablywon'thappen.“Beingfunnywon'tbeenoughtolandsomebodythejob,”Johnsonsaid.“Theyalsoneedtobeanexcellentscientistandengineer.”Besides,theymustbeintopphysicalcondition.1.WhomightgetthejobofferedbyNASA?A.Agoodcook. B.Atalentedjoker.C.Ahumorousengineer. D.Apopularcomedian.2.Whatdoes"aconfinedspace"inParagraph3mean?A.asmallspace B.anopenspace C.asecurespace D.anemptyspace3.Howdoestheauthorthinkhumorcanhelpastronauts?A.Remindingthemoftheirfamily. B.Bringingthemcloseronajourney.C.Helpingthemknowthemselvesbetter. D.Helpingthemfixprofessionalproblems.4.Whydoestheauthormentiontheexampleofthecook?A.Toshowtheimportanceoftheirfood.B.Toprovetheroleofhumorindifficultsituations.C.Toargueanactorismoreimportantthanascientist.D.ToexplainajourneytotheSouthPolemattersalot.2Itiseasiertonegotiate（谈判）firstsalaryrequirementbecauseonceyouareinsider,theorganizationalconstraintsinfluencewageincreases.Onething,however,iscertain:yourchancesofgettingtheraiseyoufeelyoudeservearelessifyoudon'tatleastaskforit.Mentendtoaskformore,andtheygetmore,andthisholdstruewithotherresources,notjustpayincreases.ConsiderBeth'sstory.IdidnotgetwhatIwantedwhenIdidnotaskforit.Wehadcubicle（小隔间）officesandwindowoffices.Isatinthecubicleswithseveralmalecolleagues.Onebyonetheyweremovedintowindowoffices,whileIremainedinthecubicles,severalmaleswhowerehiredaftermealsowenttooffices.Oneinparticulartoldmehewasnextinlineforanofficeandthatithadbeenpartofhisnegotiationsforthejob.IguesstheythoughtmecontenttostayinthecubiclessinceIdidnotvoicemyopinioneitherway.Itwouldbeniceweallreceivedautomaticpayincreasesequaltoourmerit（价值）,but"nice"isn'taqualitysharedbymostorganizations.Ifyoufeelyoudeserveagoodraiseinpay,you'llprobablyhavetoaskforit.Performanceisyourbestbargainingchip（筹码）whenyouareseekingaraise.Youmustbeabletoprovethatyoudeservearaise.Timingisalsoagoodbargainingchip.Ifyoucangiveyourbosssomethingheorsheneeds（anewclientorasizablecontract,forexample）justbeforemeritpaydecisionsarebeingmade,youaremorelikelytogettheraiseyouwant.Useinformationasabargainingchipcoo.Findoutwhatyouareworthontheopenmarket.Whatwillsomeoneelsepayforyourservices?Gointothenegotiationspreparedtoplaceyourchipsonthetableattheappropriatetimeandpreparedtousecommunicationstyletoguidethedirectionoftheinteraction5.WhatcanbeinferredfromBeth'sstory?A.Prejudiceagainstwomenstillexistsinsomeorganizations.B.Ifpeoplewantwhattheydeserve,theyhavetoaskforit.C.Peopleshouldnotbecontentwithwhattheyhavegot.D.Peopleshouldbecarefulwhennegotiatingforajob.6.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A.unfairnessexistsinsalaryincreasesB.mostpeopleareoverworkedandunderpaidC.oneshouldavoidoverstatingone'sperformanceD.mostorganizationsgivetheirstaffautomaticpayraises7.Togetapayraise,apersonshould.A.advertisehimselfonthejobmarketB.persuadehisbosstosignalong-termcontactC.trytogetinsideinformationabouttheorganizationD.dosomethingtoimpresshisbossjustbeforemeritpaydecisions3Asha,TanzaniaHithere!MynameisAshaandI'mfromTanzania.Likemostteenagers,Istartmydayearlyandenditlate.Afterschool,Istudyatanightschooltopreparefortheuniversityentranceexam.WhenIhavetimeoff,Iprefertobeoutdoors.Ilovenatureandanimals.I'mquiteupsetabouthowwetreattheenvironment,soIdomybesttohelp.IvolunteertoplanttreesandI'mamemberofourschool'sNatureClub.Samika,BangladeshHi!I'mSamikaandI'm15.IwishIwereastudent,butI'mnot.IhadtoleaveschoolwhenIwas13sothatIcouldgetajobandhelpmyfamily.Iworkinagarmentfactory.It'sunbelievablyhardworkandthedaysaresolong.Althougheveryoneworkshard,westillfindtimetoplayandlaughtogether.Attimeslikethese,theworldfeelslikeawonderfulplace.Frieder,GermanyHi,Friederhere.So,I'm16andIgotoahighschoolinMunich.I'mnotcrazyaboutschool—listeningtoateacherisn'tmything—butIknowIhavetogetaneducation.It'sverydifficultforyoungpeopletofindajobinEurope,soIworryalotaboutthefuture.Oh,andI'magamingnerd.IloveInternetgamessomuchthatIhavestartedagamingclubinmyschool.MaybeI'llseeyouonline—myscreennameisFastFreddy.8.Fromthepassage,whatcanwelearnaboutSamika?A.Shehasneverfelthappybecauseofherhardwork.B.Sheworksafterschooltosupportherfamily.C.Shedreamsofgoingtoschool.D.Sheworkslonginatoyfactory.9.Fromthepassage,whichofthefollowingaboutAshaisNOTtrue?A.Hestudieshardtogetwelleducated.B.Hetrieshisbesttohelpprotecttheenvironment.C.HehasstartedtheNatureClubinhisschool.D.Hepreferstogooutdoorsandloveanimals.10.WhyisFriederworriedaboutthefuture?A.Becausejobsarehardfortheyouthtofind.B.Becausehehasnomoneytopayforhiseducation.C.BecausehecannotfindajobontheInternet.D.Becausehedoesn'tlistentohisteachers.4Istartedtoworkasaneditorforatravelmagazine.Ididn’treallymindthework,butIwantedsomethingmorechallenging.Mysistersentmesomedetailsforapositioninastart­up.Thejobwasaseeminglyperfectmixofmyskillsandinterests,soIjumpedatit.However,soonafterIjoinedthecompany,itsmodelchangedtofocusoneducation,andeverythingaboutmypositionchanged.Iwasaskedtotakeonthecompletelydifferentrolesofsellingcontentstoteachersandtrainingpeople.Ihadnoexperienceinsales,trainingoreducation.Ifeltmorealittleoutsidemycomfortzone.IknewIwantedtogrowasanindividualandmakeaseriouseffectonthecompany.Itoldmyselfthateverythingfeelsoverwhelming(巨大的)atfirstandIshouldatleasttry.Inaway,IfeltlikeIdidn’thaveachoice.Iknewjumpingoutofthenestwastherightthingforme,eventhoughitfeltprettyawful.Iwasluckytobesurroundedbyveryhelpfulpeople,bothatworkandathome.MybossneveraskedifIthoughtIcoulddoit;sheaskedifIwasinterestedintrying.Ispenthoursresearchingmycompany’sproducts.Iaskedlotsofquestionsandspoketosomanyteachersthatthereweresoonmoregoodexperiencesthandifficultones.Ilookedforchancestoputinextraeffort.ThemoreIdid,thebetterIfelt.Overtime,IdiscoveredthatthejobwassomethingIcoulddoandlikeddoing.Itwasunbelievablyrewardingtoseethecompanygrow.Ialsolearnedit’simportanttotakerisksandacceptnewopportunities,evenwhenyou’renotsureifyou’lldowell.Idon’tthinkthere’sanythingworsethanfailingtotry.I’msogladItried,anditsurelypaidoff.11.Whydidtheauthorwanttochangeherjob?A.Shegotboredofheroldboss.B.Shefollowedhersister’sadvice.C.Shewaspaidtoolittleatheroldjob.D.Sheintendedtochallengesomethingnew.12.Howdidtheauthorfeelaftersheenteredthenewcompany?A.Excited. B.Stressed.C.Curious. D.Comfortable.13.Theauthorcouldfinallyhandleherjobmainlybecause________.A.herbosstrustedhertotryB.sheknewshewoulddowellC.shewashardworkingandmadealotofeffortD.peoplearoundherhelpedhersolvethechallenge14.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Totellreadersthatfailureisthemotherofsuccess.B.Towarnabouttherisksandchallengeswhenchangingjobs.C.Toexposerisksandchallengesinasmallandnewlyfoundedcompany.D.Toencouragereaderstotakeonchallengesandturnrisksintoopportunities.5Ifyouareateenagerwithoutajob,youprobablydonothavemuchextramoney.Sometimesparentswillgivetheirchildrenaweeklypocketmoneyfordoingsmallhousework,butitisoftennotenoughoncethechildrengrowintoteenagersandwanttodothingswiththeirfriendsallofthetime.Howtomakemoneyisanimportantthingforteenstolearn.Ifyou’rewonderinghowateenagercanmakegoodmoney,someideasmightbe.Gettingapart-timejobatalocalrestaurantorstoreisalwaysasurewaytomakemoneyasateen.Butgettingajobsomewherelikethismightbehard,consideringmanyjobsinlocalstoresarebeingtakenbyadultsmoreandmoreoften.Babysittingisalwaysagoodwaytomakemoneyasateenager,andfindingjobsasababysitterisofteneasierthanfindingajobatastore.Doinglandscaping(绿化)issomethingthatmostadultsdonotliketodo,andteenscanusuallyfindjobsaroundtheirneighborhooddoingthelandscapingoffriendsandfamilySometeensaregoodatsomethingsuchaswritingorphotography.Theseteenscanmakemoneybydoingthingssuchaswritingarticlesfornewspapersormagazinesorsellingtheirphotosonline.Teenswholiveinacountryareacantryraisingtheirownanimalssuchaschickens,andsellingthemortheirproducts.Lookingforjobscanseemhardatfirst,butifyouhaveatry,itshouldnotbetoohardtofindajoborwaytomakemoney.15.Whatproblemdoteenagershavetofacewhenfindingajobinlocalstores?A.Lowpay. B.Competitionwithgrown-ups.C.Longworkinghours. D.Heavywork16.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Gettingapart-timejobishardforteens.B.Mostgrown-upshatedoinglandscaping.C.Pocketmoneyfromparentsisoftenenoughforteens.D.Lookingafterbabiesiseasierthanservingcustomersinarestaurant.17.Whichofthefollowingiseasierforteensfromthecountryiftheywanttoearnextramoney?A.Babysitting. B.Doinglandscaping.C.Raisinganimals. D.Sellingphotosonline.18.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheNecessarySkillstoMakeMoneyB.HowImportantIsMoneytoaTeenagerC.HowCanaTeenagerMakeExtraMoneyD.TeenagersShouldDependonThemselves二、七选五ThreeKeyStepstoMotivateYourTeamtoStriveforExcellenceItisaknownfactthatoneofthemostcompellingreasonsemployeesleavetheirjobisbecausetheyfeelunappreciated,orthattheybringnorealvaluetotheirteam.19.Inordertomotivateandbuildupateamforexcellence,therearesomekeystepsthatyoushouldfollow.20.Thisdoesnotmeanthatyoushouldhangoutwiththematthelocalbar,orbecomeoneoftheirweekendbuddies.Whatitdoesmeanisthatifyouwanttomotivateyourteamtoexcellence,thenyoushouldtakethetimetogettoknowyourteampersonallybytalkingindividuallytothematdifferenttimes,askingbasicquestions,andlettingthemseethatyouarehumanandaccessible.21.Recognizethemasaperson,notjusttheirability.Toooften,wearequicktopraisepeopleforajobwelldone,butwefailtoletthepersonknowthatweappreciatethemasaperson.Praisethemforthatjobwelldone,buttakenoticeoftheirpersonalqualitiesandtalentsandhowtheybringvaluetotheteam.22.Forexample:“HeyJohnny,thoseweresomegreatideasyoucameupwithintheteammeetingtoday,Ilikethewayyouthink!”Maketheirsuccesspublic.Taketimeinyourteammeetingseachweektorecognizeandtalkaboutthepeoplewhomadeadifferencethatweek.23.Thismakesotherswanttopushharderanddomoreastheyseethathardworkisvalued.Manytimesotherteammembersdonotknowwhathashappenedinotherdepartments,ortheaccomplishmentsthattheyhavehad,sothisisalsoagreatwayforyourteamtokeepupwiththelatestandgreatest.A.Buildarelationshipwithyourteam.B.Treatyourteamtosomethingspecial.C.Lettherestoftheteamseethatyoutooknoticeandyouappreciateit.D.Peoplewillfinditdifficultto“goalong”withyouiftheycannot“getalong”withyou.E.Somethingspecialhappenswhenwehearourname—ittellsusthatweareimportant.F.Ifyouwanttomotivateyourteamtodotheirverybest,youhavetoletthemknowthattheyareavitalpartofyourteam.G.Thisshouldbedoneinpersonrandomlysothattheycanseethatyouaretheonewhonoticedandyouknowtheyareonyourteam.三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上.Areporterwasinterviewinganastronaut.Sheaskedhim,"Howhaveyoubecomeanastronautand,24.（general）speaking,whataretherequirementstobecomeanastronaut?"Theastronautanswered,"MyexperienceasanastronautwasbornthankstotheAeronauticaMilitare.WhenI25.（enter）theAirForcein1995,myprojectwastobecomeapilotoftacticalaircraft.After26.（complete）mytrainingattheEuro-NATOJointJetPilottrainingschool,atSheppardAirForceBase,Texas,IreturnedtoItalytobeafighterpilot.Then,Iwasallowed27.（become）anexperimentalpilotandIgraduatedfromtheEPNER,theFrenchtestpilotschool,inIstres.In2008,withtheexperimentalpilotidentity,Icouldapply28.acareerasanESAastronaut.Therewere（andtherestillare）two29.（path）tomakeoneselfbecomeanastronaut:apilotmethod,forthosewhohavepilotexperience,andanon-pilotmethodforthosewhohaveascience（engineering,physics,medical,etc）background.Ifyouareinthepilotpath,beingatestpilotgivesyoumorepointsintheselection（选拔）becausethere30.（be）muchsimilaritybetweenthepilot'sworkand31.oftheastronaut.WhenIapplied,backin2008,twoastronauts32.（choose）fromthepilotmethodandfour-actuallyfive,includingone33.waslateradded-camefromthenon-pilotmethod."四、完形填空1KatieWhetsellhasbeenenjoyingDisneymoviesfromanearlyageandwouldoftenwatchthemwithhermom,Karen.Confidentaboutherself,Katieknewshe34wouldbeaperformerinthefuture.WhenKatiewasnineyearsold,herfamilywereshockedbyanunexpected35.Katie’smotherwasdiagnosed(诊断）withcancer.WhenthedoctortoldtheWhetsellfamilythatKaren'sdiseasewasserious,andthatshewas36togetwellagain,theymadea(n)37.DisneyWorldhadbeenalongtimedreamforKaren.SothefamilyheadedtoDisneyWorldforatripthatnoneofthemwouldever38.Whiletheywerewatchingalightshow,aperformerputherhandsonKaren'sshoulder.Theyexchangedsmilesand,tothisday,Katiestillremembershow39hermomlooked.ThiswasthedayKatiedecidedshewantedto40forDisney.Sadly,Katie'smomKarenlosther41.Herfamilymembers42hereverydayandoftenthinkofthatDisneyvacation.Katiewentontopursue(追求）performingforaliving.She43foryears,workingasawaitressandtryingtomakeitasa(n)44.Hereffortfinally45whenshewashiredasaperformerinDisney.Katiesaysshecouldhelpotherfamiliesgetawayfromthe46intheirlives,whetherit'sabattlewithcancerorsimplyhelpingadultsfeellikekidsagain.“Everythingwedoattheparksmakesa47.Wegivepeopleanopportunityto48withtheirchildhood.”34.A.fortunately B.surely C.normally D.hardly35.A.proposal B.target C.turn D.detail36.A.unnecessary B.unusual C.unwise D.unlikely37.A.decision B.rule C.judgment D.choice38.A.expect B.imagine C.enjoy D.forget39.A.surprised B.delighted C.concerned D.awkward40.A.answer B.head C.account D.work41.A.battle B.confidence C.balance D.anger42.A.remind B.consider C.remember D.comfort43.A.struggled B.rented C.survived D.pressed44.A.volunteer B.performer C.star D.operator45.A.gotoff B.paidoff C.paidback D.gotback46.A.tension B.failure C.suffering D.loss47.A.difference B.effort C.response D.adventure48.A.agree B.compare C.live D.reconnect2I'mstandinginaclassofwild14-year-oldgirlsastheythrowpaperandhowlwithlaughter.Theywon'tlistentome.Ineverwantedto49.Iwantedtobeawriter.ButwhenIarrivedinLondon,theywere50ofteachers.Myeffortsatteachingwere51.Whenthebellfinallyrang,I52tothestaffroom,redwithanger.Theotherteachersweren't53.“T