湖南省部分学校2023-2024学年高三上学期入学摸底考试英语试题【含答案】

2024届高三入学摸底考试英语本试卷共8页。全卷满分150分,考试时间120分钟。注意事项：1.答题前,先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上,并将条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.请按题号顺序在答题卡上各题目的答题区域内作答,写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3.选择题用2B铅笔在答题卡上把所选答案的标号涂黑;非选择题用黑色签字笔在答题卡上作答;字体工整,笔迹清楚。4.考试结束后,请将试卷和答题卡一并上交。第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?Α.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howlonghasthemanbeenwaitingforthewoman?A.5minutes. B.15minutes. C.20minutes.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:You’re15minuteslate.Whydidyoukeepmewaitingforsolong?W:Sorry!Igotstuckinatrafficjam.M:Well,atleastyoumadeitintimeforthelecture.Itwillstartin5minutes,sowe’dbetterfindourseats.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Parkthecar. B.Turnback. C.Turnleft.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Idon'tseeanyparkingspots.ShouldIturnbackhere?M:Thisisaone-waystreet,soyou'llhavetoturnleftinstead.Wecandrivearoundandkeeplooking.Wemighthavetoparkacoupleofblocksaway.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Theirkidswillbeagreathelp.B.Theywillworkharderthannow.C.Shehardlyhastimetocleanthehouse.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Beingahomeownerisalotofextrawork.Wehavetocleantheinsideandoutsideofthehouse.Ihardlyhaveanytimeformyselfthesedays.W:Waituntilwehavekids.Thenyou'llreallyknowwhatworkis!4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howwillthemanprobablygodowntown?ABybus. B.Bytaxi. C.Bysubway.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Excuseme.What'sthebestwaytogetdowntown,bysubway?W:Actuallynot.Ifyou'reinahurry,youshouldtakeataxi,butit'sveryexpensive.M:I'minnoparticularhurry.W:Well,youcouldtakeanairportbusthen.Thatwillcostyouonlyabout$5.M:That'sagoodidea.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatisthemanofferingtodoforthewoman?A.Carryhersuitcases. B.Helphertocheckin. C.Takehertoherroom.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Wouldyoulikemetotakethosesuitcasesforyou,madam?Icantakethemuptoyourroomforyouwhileyoucheckin.W:Thankyou.Thatwouldbegreat.Here's$5foryourtrouble.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段长对话,回答小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whendoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atnight. B.Intheafternoon. C.Inthemorning.7.Whatisthewomanprobablydoing?A.Listeningtotheradio. B.Writingsomereports. C.WatchingTV.【答案】6.A7.C【解析】【原文】W:Wouldyoulikesometeaorcoffee?M:No,thankyou.It'sverylatenow.IfIdrinkanyteaorcoffee,I'llbeawakethewholenight.W:Howaboutsomewater?M:Yes,please.W:Don'tworktoolate!Yourhealthhasn'tbeenverygoodlately,sodobecareful.M:Iknow,butIhavetofinishthesereportstonight.Ourmanagerneedsthemforthemeetingtomorrowmorning.W:CanIhelpyouwithanything?M:No,I'mafraidyoucan't.CouldyoujustturntheTVdownalittlesothatit'snotsonoisy?W:Yes,ofcourse.听下面一段长对话,回答小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemanfor?A.Hisfullname. B.Hischild’slastname. C.Hischild’spassport.9.Whatdoesthemanasktobringtothegate?A.Abluebackpack. B.Ababycarriage. C.Twobags.10.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Guideandtourist. B.Driverandpassenger. C.Airportemployeeandpassenger.【答案】8.A9.B10.C【解析】【原文】W:Hello.AreyouflyingtoSt.Martintoday?M:Yes,Ihavemypassporthere.W:Great.I'llneedtoseeyourticketaswell.M:Ihaveane-ticket.Uh...isthiswhatyouneed?W:Actually,IjustneedyourfullnamesoIcanfindyouinthecomputer.M:Oh,okay.It'sBates,FrankBates.W:Great.Hereweare.Oh,you'retravelingwithasmallchildtoday.M:Yes,mydaughterMia.She's14monthsold.W:Okay.I'llneedtoseeyourdaughter'sbirthcertificatetoprovethatsheisundertwoyearsofage.M:Hereyouare.Say,wouldwebeabletogetaseatnexttothewalkway?W:Sure.I'llputyounearthewashroom.M:Thanks.CanItakemybabycarriagetothegate?W:Yes,we'llcheckitintheover-sizedluggageafteryouboard.Areyoujustcheckingthesetwobags?M:Yes,I'lltakemybackpackasmycarry-on.W:Okay.Hereisyourboardingpass.Beatthegateonehourbeforetheboardingtime.听下面一段长对话，回答小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.Howhasthewomanbeentryingtoloseweight?A.Byeatingmorehealthyfood.B.Bytakingsomemedicine.C.Byeatingless.12.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Sheprefershamburgers.B.Shewantstofindanewjob.C.Sheisreallywealthy.13.Whatadvicedoesthemangivethewoman?A.Goingtoagymatregulartimes.B.Takingthebusonestopfewer.C.Stoppingusingtheelevator.【答案】11.C12.B13.B【解析】【原文】W:Goodmorning,Dr.Green.Ineedyourhelp.M:What’sthematter?W:It’smyweight.Everyoneinmyneighborhoodlaughsatme.M:Whathaveyoudonetoloseweight?W:I’vebeentryingtoeatlessasmyrelativestoldme,butithasn’thelped.IsthereanymedicineIcouldtaketohelpwiththis?I’mgoingtohaveaninterviewsoonforanewjob,andI’dreallyliketolookalittlebetterforit.M:Well,it’snotagoodideatoeatless.Youshouldcontinueeatingplentyoffood,butconcentrateoneatingmorehealthyfood,likefruitsandvegetables.W:Sonohamburgersandhotdogs?M:Nottoomany,andyoushouldtrytodoabitmoreexercise.W:I’mbusyatmyjobfrommorningtonight,andIcantaffordtogotoagym.M:Youdon’thavetogotoagym.Justwalkingmorewouldhelp.Wheneveryoudowalk,trytowalkmorequicklythanyouusuallydo.Wheneveryoutakeabus,trygettingoffonestopearlyandwalkingtherestoftheway.Youcouldalsotrytakingthestairssometimesinsteadoftheelevator.W:That’sagoodidea.M:Don’tloseheart!Justkeeptrying,andyou’llcertainlymanagetoloseweight.听下面一段长对话,回答小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.Wheredoesthemannoticetheredthingsfirst?A.Onthewoman’sarms. B.Onthewoman’sface. C.Onthewoman’slegs.15.Whatmightcausetheredthings?A.Oilyskin. B.Somefood. C.Aplant.16.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Gotothedrugstore. B.Eatsomethingdifferent. C.Receivemedicaltreatment.【答案】14.A15.C16.C【解析】【原文】M:What'swithallthelittleredthingsalloveryourarms,Lauren?Itlookslikeyouhavesomesortofdisease.W:Oh,Iknow!They'resodisgusting.Ihatethem!Andthey'renotjustthere,they'reeverywhere!Lookatmylegs.Theyarealsothere.Imustbeallergictosomething.M:Atleastyoudon'thavethemonyourface.W:So,whatdoyouthinkIshoulddo?Iwenttothedrugstore,andtheygavemesomemedicine,butitdoesn'tseemtobeworking.M:Youareallergictosomething?Ihaveknownyouforyears,andyouneversaidanythingtomeaboutthat.W:Well,butwhatelsecoulditbe?Imean,Ihaven'teatenanythingdifferentlately.M:Maybeitwassomethingyoutouched.Whatdidyoudothisweekend?W:IwentforahikeuponSnakeMountain.M:SnakeMountain?Nowonder!Thatplacehaspoisonousplantsgrowingeverywhere!W:Oh,myGod.Ineverthoughtofthat.MaybeIshouldgotoseeadoctorrightnow.听下面一段独白,回答小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.WhichfactofSydneydoesthespeakermention?A.Ithasapopulationoflessthanthreemillion.B.Itisaplaceofnaturalbeautywithgreenparkland.C.Ithastheworld’sbiggestdeepwaterharbor.18.Whatdate(s)backtotheearlynineteenthcentury?A.TheRocks. B.HousesinPaddington. C.TheKoalaBearPark.19.WhydomanypeoplethinktheOperaHouseoutstanding?A.Becauseofitshistory. B.Becauseofitssize. C.Becauseofitsdesign.20.WhatisthetemperaturedifferencebetweensummerandwinterinSydney?A.8℃. B.12℃. C.20℃.【答案】17.B18.A19.C20.A【解析】【原文】SydneyisoneofAustralia'soldest,largestandliveliestcitieswithapopulationofmorethanthreemillion.Itisacolorful,moderncitybutitisalsoaplaceofnaturalbeautywithgreenparklandandperhapstheworld'smostbeautifuldeepwaterharbor.Besidesmodernbuildingsandroads,thecityhasmanyplacesofhistoricalinterest.Forexample,Mr.Masquerade'sChair,theareacalledtheRocksdatingbacktotheearlynineteenthcentury,andattractiverowsofhousesinPaddingtonareallclosetotheharborandthecitycenter.Sydneyhasmanyotherattractionsofgreatinteresttotourists,suchasazoo,theKoalaBearParkandtheSydneyOperaHouse,locatedatthewater'sedge.ManypeoplesaythattheOperaHouseisoneofthemostoutstandingexamplesofbeautifullydesignedmodernbuildingsintheworld.Thereisalsoanexcellenttransportationnetworkaroundthecity,includinganundergroundrailway,busesandtaxis,soitiseasytogetaroundthecity.Sydney'spleasantclimatealsomakesitanattractivetouristdestination.Theaveragetemperatureinsummerisjustalittleabove20℃,andinwinternotbelow12℃.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWhySubscribetoReader’sDigest?Theworld’sbest-lovedgeneral-interestpublicationcontainssomethingforeveryone.Reader’sDigestmagazineisburstingwithstories,articles,advice,recipes,reviews,tips,jokesandanecdotes.Eachissueissmallenoughtofitinyourhandbagorpocket,butbigenoughtokeepyouentertainedforweeksonend.Fromregularcolumnspackedwithinformationtogripping(扣人心弦的)human-intereststoriesandhelpfulhow-tos,ourmagazineoffersknowledge,positivityandhumour.Inthismonth’sissueyou’llfind...AninterviewwithHughDancy:ThenewestadditiontothecastofDowntonAbbeyonNewYork,Law&Order,andthenostalgia(怀旧)ofplayinganEnglishgentleman.SavingthesoundoftheStradivaius:Meettheexpertsfightingtosavetheunbeatablesoundofhistory’sgreatestviolins,meetingtheloveofherlife.CommunityPower:AcrosstheUK,communitiesarecomingtogethertosavetheirpubs,shops,andmore.IfGraceDentruledtheworld:Therestaurantcriticshareshermanifesto(宣言)forworlddomination.SUBSCRIBETODAYFROMASLITTLEAS£22.99Ourbestpriceyet—It’sonly£22.99forafullone-yearsubscription—ASavingofover50%OFFtheusual£47.88retailprice—andwhat’smore,wewilldeliveritdirecttoyourdoorforfree!Ifyoudon’twanttocommittoafullyear,wehavetheperfecttasterpackage.TRIALNOWwith3IssuesforONLY£3!Plus,makesureyoualwayskeepuptodatewithallofthetopstories,newsandpromotionsfromReader’sDigestbysubscribingtoourweeklynewsletter.21.Ifreaderswanttoknowaboutanactor,whichoneshouldtheyread?A.CommunityPower. B.IfGraceDentruledtheworld.C.AninterviewwithHughDancy. D.SavingthesoundoftheStradivaius.22.Howmuchwillyousaveifyoutakeoutafullone-yearsubscriptiontoday?A.£22.99. B.£3. C.£47.88. D.£24.89.23.Whatkindofwritingisthepassage?A.Apartofafiction. B.Anintroduction. C.Anadvertisement. D.Aresearchreport.【答案】21.C22.D23.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。本文先简单介绍了读者文摘，以及列举了其中一期的内容，最后两部分重点介绍了订阅费用。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据AninterviewwithHughDancy部分中“ThenewestadditiontothecastofDowntonAbbeyonNewYork,Law&Order,andthenostalgia(怀旧)ofplayinganEnglishgentleman.(《纽约唐顿庄园》、《法律与秩序》的最新成员，以及扮演一位英国绅士的怀旧情怀)”可知，想了解一个演员，需要看AninterviewwithHughDancy。故选C。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据SUBSCRIBETODAYFROMASLITTLEAS£22.99部分中“Ourbestpriceyet—It’sonly£22.99forafullone-yearsubscription—ASavingofover50%OFFtheusual£47.88retailprice(我们目前最优惠的价格——只要22.99英镑。全年订阅99英镑，比通常的47.88英镑零售价节省了50%以上)”可知，可节约47.88-22.99=£24.89。故选D。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据标题“WhySubscribetoReader’sDigest?(为什么订阅《读者文摘》？)”以及本文先简单介绍了读者文摘，以及列举了其中一期的内容，最后两部分重点介绍了订阅费用，所以是通过介绍读者文摘使读者订阅的广告。故选C。BBeforetheexamsbegan,Godtoldmeinmymindseveraltimes,“Don’tcheat.”ButIdidnotlistenbecauseIknewitwasnoteasyformetogetgoodmarksinexams.Takingoutmynotebook,Icopiedtheanswersfromitandpassedtheexamswithverygoodmarks.IfeltguiltyandashamedandaskedGodtoforgiveme,whichIthoughtwasallIneededtodotogivemepeace.UsingmygoodexamresultsIwentonfurtherwithmyeducation.StudyinginKwaraStateCollegeofEducation,Icouldnothavepeaceinmymind,thinking,“Youhavedonewrong.Theresultisnotyours.”AtlastIwenttotheleadersofmychurchtoaskforhelp,whotoldmethatitisnotenoughtosaysorrytoGod.ImustshowthatIamsorrybyputtingrightwhatIdidwrong.Forme,thatmeanttellingtheprincipalofthecollegethatIcheatedintheexamsandthatIshouldnothavegotintothecollege.Iwrotealettertohim,tellinghimwhatIhaddoneandtookthelettertotheprincipal’sofficeandgaveittohissecretary,whoreaditfirst.“Ifthisgetstotheprincipalyouwillgotoprison,”shesaid,“Goawayandthinkaboutit.”IwentbacktothechurchleadersandtoldthemwhatthesecretarysaidandtheysaidImuststillgototheprincipal.Sothenextday,Iwentbacktothesecretary,whotookmetoseetheprincipalthistime.Tomysurprise,hetoldmenottobeafraidbuttogotothepersonwhowasinchargeoftheexams.Ididasrequiredandthatpersonletmetaketheexamsagain.Ipassed!NowIambackatthecollege,but,moreimportant,GodhastakenawaythefeelingsofguiltandIhavepeaceinmymind.24.Whatdoesthewritertelluswiththestory?A.Whyhecheatedinaexam.B.Whyhewrotetotheprincipal.C.Howherecoveredapeacefulmind.D.Howhepreparedforthecollegeentranceexam.25.Whatplayedthemostimportantpartincorrectingwhatthewriterdidwrong?A.Workinghardathislessons. B.Doingasthechurchleaderssaid.C.GoingtothechurchtosaysorrytoGod. D.Communicatingwiththeschoolleaders.26.Howdidtheprincipalreactwhenthewritersawhim?A.Hewasgoodtohim. B.Hewasangrywithhim.C.Herefusedtoaccepthisapology. D.Hethoughthehaddonenothingwrong.27.Whatfinallyhelpedthewriterfeelgoodagain?A.Hisgenerosity. B.Histolerance. C.Hishardwork. D.Hishonesty.【答案】24.C25.B26.A27.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者在教会领导的提示下，向校长承认自己作弊的事实，通过重考，最终可以上大学，并获得内心平和的故事。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是最后一段的“NowIambackatthecollege,but,moreimportantly,GodhastakenawaythefeelingsofguiltandIhavepeaceinmymind.(现在我回到了大学，但更重要的是，上帝带走了我的罪恶感，让我有了内心的宁静)”可知，本文主要讲述作者是如何恢复内心的宁静的。由此可知，C.Howherecoveredapeacefulmind.(他如何恢复内心的宁静)符合以上说法。故选C项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“AtlastIwenttotheleadersofmychurchtoaskforhelp,whotoldmethatitisnotenoughtosaysorrytoGod.ImustshowthatIamsorrybyputtingrightwhatIdidwrong.(最后，我去向教堂的神父寻求帮助，他们告诉我向上帝求助是不够的。我必须通过纠正我所做的错事来表示我的歉意)”可知，作者按照神父所说的来做，即纠正自己的错误，让作者最终获得内心的宁静。由此可知，B.Doingasthechurchleaderssaid.(照着神父所说的做)符合以上说法。故选B项。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段的“Tomysurprise,hetoldmenottobeafraidbuttogotothepersonwhowasinchargeoftheexams.(让我吃惊的是，他告诉我不要害怕，去找那个负责考试的人)”可知，校长的态度是温和的，并没有责备或惩罚作者。由此可知，A.Hewasgoodtohim.(他对他友好)符合以上说法。故选A项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段的Beforetheexamsbegan,Godtoldmeinmymindseveraltimes,“Don’tcheat.”(在考试之前，我脑海里一直告诉自己“不要作弊”)，倒数第二段的“Iwrotealettertohim,tellinghimwhatIhaddoneandtookthelettertotheprincipal’sofficeandgaveittohissecretary(我写了一封信给他，告诉他我所做的事情，然后把信送到校长办公室教给他的秘书)”和最后一段的“Ididasrequiredandthatpersonletmetaketheexamsagain.Ipassed!(我按要求做了，然后那个人让我再考一次。我通过了！)”可知，作者把自己作弊的事告诉校长和负责考试的人后，他有了一次重考的机会，并且通过了。由此推知，最终帮到作者的是他的诚实。故选D项。CTheword“inquiry”(orenquiry)comesfromtheLatinwords“in”,or“inward”,and“quaere”,whichistheverb“toquestion”.Soinquiryisnotjustaskingquestions,itisquestioningintosomething.Ithasthequalityofgettingintosomething,goingdeeper,soyoucanseewhatyouhaven’tbeenabletoseebefore.Whenyoubeginaninquiry,youaredeliberatelysettingouttosearchforwhatyoudon’tknow.Youhavetohavetheconfidencetosaythatyoumightbeabletofigureitoutforyourself.Andinthatprocess,yougetasenseofrealexcitementandenergy.Thatenergyisbothpartof,andcontributesto,whatweoftencall“engagement(参与)”.Butinordertouseinquirytoansweryourquestion,youhavetobecomegoodatknowingwhatyoudon’tknow.Iwouldarguethatthat’sexactlytheoppositeofwhathappensinschools.Classroomsfocusonwhatyoudoknow(oraresupposedtoknow)andleaveyouunpreparedtodealwiththethingsyoudon’tknow.Insomeways,weareallsurroundedbyabubble(气泡)oftheknown.Whenyou“know”something,youidentifyhowyourmodeloftheworldfitswithandexplainswhatyousee.Livinginthebubbleoftheknowniscomfortableandcomforting.Youseewhatyouknow,andyouknowwhatyousee.Buttodoinquiry,youhavetogetgoodatalwayslookingfortheboundariesofyourknowledge,andatthelimitationsandcontradictionswithinwhatisknown.Thatiswhatscientistsdo.Theyarealwayslookingforthelimits,theboundariesandthepointsatwhichtheirtheoriesfailtoexplaintheworld.Scientists,basically,arealwayslookingforthat“door”fromtheknowntotheunknown,wheretheycanpressforthandpushand,inasense,expandthebubbleoftheknown.Inquiryistheactionyoutakewhenyoudeliberatelychallengethelimitsofyourknowledge.28.Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus?AThemeaningofinquiry. B.Thewaytomakeaninquiry.C.Themethodofclassroomteaching. D.Thelimitationofclassroomteaching.29.Fromthefirstparagraph,wecanseetheword“inquiry”A.hasdifferentmeanings B.comesfromtheEnglishlanguageC.haslittletodowithaskingquestions D.meansexploringdeeperintosomething30.Tobegoodatinquiry,youshouldbegoodat___.A.askingforhelpfromothers B.knowingwhatyoudon’tknowC.stayingfocusedintheclassroom D.understandingwhatistaughttoyou31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“where”referto?A.Thedoortotheunknown. B.Withinthebubble.C.Intherealworld. D.Intheworldoftheunknown.【答案】28.A29.D30.B31.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了inquiry（探究）的含义，从字面含义到内在含义，作者指出要进行探究，你必须善于寻找你知识的边界，以及已知知识中的局限和矛盾。探究是当你有意挑战你的知识极限时所采取的行动。28题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Theword“inquiry”(orenquiry)comesfromtheLatinwords“in”,or“inward”,and“quaere”,whichistheverb“toquestion”.Soinquiryisnotjustaskingquestions,itisquestioningintosomething.Ithasthequalityofgettingintosomething,goingdeeper,soyoucanseewhatyouhaven’tbeenabletoseebefore.(“inquiry”（或inquiry）一词来自拉丁语“in”，即“向内”，以及动词“quaere”，即“询问”。所以探究不仅仅是提出问题，它是对事物的追问。它有一种进入某样东西的品质，更深入，所以你可以看到你以前看不到的东西)”以及最后一段“Inquiryistheactionyoutakewhenyoudeliberatelychallengethelimitsofyourknowledge.(探究是当你有意挑战你的知识极限时所采取的行动)”可推知，第一段说明了inquiry的字面含义，最后一段说了inquiry的内在含义，即作者想告诉我们探究的意义。故选A。29题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Theword“inquiry”(orenquiry)comesfromtheLatinwords“in”,or“inward”,and“quaere”,whichistheverb“toquestion”.Soinquiryisnotjustaskingquestions,itisquestioningintosomething.Ithasthequalityofgettingintosomething,goingdeeper,soyoucanseewhatyouhaven’tbeenabletoseebefore.(“inquiry”（或enquiry）一词来自拉丁语“in”，即“向内”，以及动词“quaere”，即“询问”。所以探究不仅仅是提出问题，它是对事物的追问。它有一种进入某样东西的品质，更深入，所以你可以看到你以前看不到的东西)”可知，“inquiry”这个词意思是更深入地探索某事。故选D。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Whenyoubeginaninquiry,youaredeliberatelysettingouttosearchforwhatyoudon’tknow.(当你开始探究的时候，你是在刻意地去寻找你不知道的东西)”以及“Butinordertouseinquirytoansweryourquestion,youhavetobecomegoodatknowingwhatyoudon’tknow.(但是为了用探究来回答你的问题，你必须善于知道你不知道的东西)”可知，要善于探究，就要善于知道自己不知道的事情。故选B。【31题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Scientists,basically,arealwayslookingforthat“door”fromtheknowntotheunknown”可知，此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词“door”fromtheknowntotheunknown，在从句中作地点状语，即科学家们一直在寻找从已知到未知的“门”，在通往未知的大门那里他们可以向前推进，在某种意义上，扩大已知的泡沫。故where指的是“通往未知的大门”。故选A。DWhenyouwalkwithabackpack,doyouknowhowthethingsinsidemovefromsidetoside?Nowscientistshavefiguredouthowtotapintothatmovementtoproduceelectricity.Pictureapendulum(摆锤)fixedtoabackpackframeandstabilizedwithspringsoneitherside.Thepack’sweightisattachedtothependulum,sothependulumswingssidetosideasyouwalk.Thenamachineisdrivenbythatswingingmovement,andproduceselectricalcurrenttochargeabattery.VolunteerscarriedthepackwhilewalkingonarunningmachineandworemaskstomeasuretheflowofO2andCO2.Whenthevolunteerswerewalkingwiththeslightlyswinging20-poundload,thedevicedidnotsignificantlyaffecttheirmetabolic(新陈代谢的)ratecomparedtowhentheycarriedthesameweightfixedinplace.Infact,theenergy-harvestingpackreducedtheforcesofaccelerationthey’dfeelinaregularpack,whichmightmeangreatercomfortforalonghike.Andthedevicedidproduceasteadytrickle(涓流)ofelectricity.Ifyouuptheloadto45pounds,itcouldfullychargeasmartphoneonlyafter12hours.ThedetailsareinthejournalRoyalSocietyOpenScience.Thedeviceproduceselectricityfromhumanmovementandhasbeenidentifiedasaworkablesolutiontoprovidingarenewableenergysourceforportableelectronicdevices.Itisparticularlyusefultothosewhoworkinremoteareas,asthesepeopleoftencarryalotofweightinabackpackfortheirexploration.Buthere’sarealconundrum:theenergy-harvestingdevicecurrentlyweighsfivepounds.Theresearcherssaythat’saboutfourpoundstoomanytobeasmartalternativetobatteries.Sotheyhopethatmoreresearchletsthemlightentheloadsothattheycanensurethepackchargesyourphoneupwithoutweighingyoudown.32.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Howthedeviceworks. B.Whatthedevicelookslike.C.Whothedeviceisdesignedfor. D.Whyscientistsdesignedthedevice.33.WhatcanweknowaboutthedevicefromParagraph3?A.Itwasuselessforalongwalk.B.Itfailedtoproducesteadyelectricity.C.Itharvestedenergyasthevolunteerswalked.D.RoyalSocietyOpenServiceconductedthestudyofthedevice.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conundrum”inthelastparagraphmean?A.bond. B.problem. C.decision. D.method.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.FindingSmarterAlternativestoBatteries B.HowCantheMovementofBackpackHelp?C.ChargingBatteriesWhenCarryingBackpacks D.SearchingforNewWaystoChargeYourPhone【答案】32.A33.C34.B35.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种可以用来发电的背包，介绍了工作原理以及存在的问题。【32题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Pictureapendulum(摆锤)fixedtoabackpackframeandstabilizedwithspringsoneitherside.Thepack’sweightisattachedtothependulum,sothependulumswingssidetosideasyouwalk.Thenamachineisdrivenbythatswingingmovement,andproduceselectricalcurrenttochargeabattery.(想象一个钟摆固定在背包框架上，两边都有弹簧来稳定。背包的重量与钟摆相连，所以当你走路时钟摆会左右摆动。然后，由摆动运动驱动机器，产生电流给电池充电)”可知，第二段主要讲了设备的工作原理。故选A。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Whenthevolunteerswerewalkingwiththeslightlyswinging20-poundload,thedevicedidnotsignificantlyaffecttheirmetabolic(新陈代谢的)ratecomparedtowhentheycarriedthesameweightfixedinplace.Infact,theenergy-harvestingpackreducedtheforcesofaccelerationthey’dfeelinaregularpack,whichmightmeangreatercomfortforalonghike.Andthedevicedidproduceasteadytrickle(涓流)ofelectricity.(当志愿者带着20磅的负重轻微摆动时，与固定负重时相比，该设备对他们的代谢率没有显著影响。事实上，能量收集包减少了他们在普通背包中感受到的加速度，这可能意味着长距离徒步旅行更舒适。而且这个装置确实产生了稳定的电流)”可知，这个设备在志愿者行走时收集能量。故选C。【34题详解】词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Itisparticularlyusefultothosewhoworkinremoteareas,asthesepeopleoftencarryalotofweightinabackpackfortheirexploration.(这对那些在偏远地区工作的人特别有用，因为这些人经常在背包里携带很多重物进行探险)”以及划线词后文“theenergy-harvestingdevicecurrentlyweighsfivepounds.Theresearcherssaythat’saboutfourpoundstoomanytobeasmartalternativetobatteries.(这种能量收集装置目前重5磅。研究人员表示，这比电池的智能替代品多了大约4磅)”且but表示转折关系，后文说的是这个装置的不足之处，显然，conundrum指的便是这一“不足”，故problem符合语境。故选B。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Whenyouwalkwithabackpack,doyouknowhowthethingsinsidemovefromsidetoside?Nowscientistshavefiguredouthowtotapintothatmovementtoproduceelectricity.(当你背着背包走路时，你知道里面的东西是如何左右移动的吗？现在科学家们已经找到了如何利用这种运动来发电的方法)”结合文章主要介绍了一种可以用来发电的背包，介绍了工作原理以及存在的问题。可知，C选项“背包时充电”符合标题。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Nearlyeveryoneisshyinsomeways.___36___Youcanbuildyourconfidencebyfollowingsomesuggestionsfromdoctorsandpsychologists.___37___Whatyouhavetosayisjustasimportantaswhatotherpeoplesay.Anddon’tturndownpartyinvitationsjustbecauseofyourshyness.Prepareyourselfforbeingwithothersingroups.___38___Thenmakealistofideas,experiences,andskillsyouwouldliketosharewithotherpeople.Thinkaboutwhatyouwouldliketosayinadvance.Thensayit.Ifyoustartfeelingself-consciousinagroup,takeadeepbreathandfocusyourattentiononotherpeople.Remember,youarenotalone.___39___Nooneevergetsoverbeingshycompletely,butmostpeopledolearntolivewiththeirshyness.___40___Theyworkatfightingtheirshyfeelingssothattheycanfacethecamerasandthepublic.Justmakingtheefforttocontrolshynesscanhavemanyrewards.Butperhapsthebestreasontofightshynessistogiveotherpeopleachancetoknowmoreaboutyou.A.Friendsareworthtrusting.B.Makealistofthegoodqualitiesyouhave.C.Evenentertainersadmitthattheyoftenfeelshy.D.Makeadecisionnottoholdbackinconversations.E.Whatyouneedtodoispracticeinfrontofamirroroften.F.Otherpeopleareconcernedabouttheimpressiontheyaremaking,too.G.Ifshynessismakingyouuncomfortable,itmaybetimeforafewlessonsinself-confidence.【答案】36.G37.D38.B39.F40.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些克服害羞的方法。【36题详解】根据上文“Nearlyeveryoneisshyinsomeways.(几乎每个人都在某些方面害羞)”以及后文“Youcanbuildyourconfidencebyfollowingsomesuggestionsfromdoctorsandpsychologists.(你可以按照医生和心理学家的建议来建立自信)”可知，后文提到了建立自信，可知本句是在说明害羞带来的缺点以及应该怎么做，故G选项“如果害羞让你感到不舒服，也许是时候学习一些自信的课程了”符合语境，故选G。【37题详解】根据后文“Whatyouhavetosayisjustasimportantaswhatotherpeoplesay.Anddon’tturndownpartyinvitationsjustbecauseofyourshyness.(你要说的话和别人说的话一样重要。不要因为害羞而拒绝派对邀请)”可知，后文提到“你要说的话和别人说的话一样重要”，可知本段的主旨是对于谈话不能害羞退缩。故D选项“决定在谈话中不退缩”符合语境，故选D。【38题详解】根据上文“Prepareyourselfforbeingwithothersingroups.(准备好与他人在一起)”以及后文“Thenmakealistofideas,experiences,andskillsyouwouldliketosharewithotherpeople.Thinkaboutwhatyouwouldliketosayinadvance.Thensayit.(然后列出你想与他人分享的想法、经历和技能。提前想好你想说什么。那就说出来)”可知，本句是在说明列出的事物，与后文“列出你想与他人分享的想法、经历和技能”并列。故B选项“把你所拥有的优秀品质列一个清单”符合语境，故选B。【39题详解】根据上文“Ifyoustartfeelingself-consciousinagroup,takeadeepb