欧洲肉类消费市场前景及投资研究报告-培训课件外文版2024.4

INDUSTRIES&

MARKETSMeat

trends

in

EuropeATrend

report

on

meatindustry

trends

andthefutureof

meatin

EuropeHow

will

companies

navigate

the

evolving

European

meatmarket?Executive

summaryIn2021,

the

German

meat

producer

Rügenwalder

Mühle

generated

more

revenuefrom

meat

substitutesthantraditional

meat

products.

The189-year-old

companyhassuccessfully

transformed

itself

from

ameat-exclusive

manufacturertothe

mostwell-recognized

brandname

formeat

substitutesinGermany.

Itflourishes

inaEuropean

market

thathaswitnessed

a

wave

ofvegan

andvegetarian

alternatives.•

Thearrival

of

meat

substituteshasdisruptedthe

European

food

market.

Themarket

formeat

substitutesintheEU-27

isvalued

atclose

to

two

billion

U.S.dollarsandisforecast

to

grow

byanotherbillion

over

thenextfiveyears.Thisreport

shows

howtheconsumption

of

meat

across

Europe

haschangedinthepastand

is

expected

tochangeinthefuture.Itincludesbreakdowns

formeattypes,organic

meat,

and

theimpactof

recent

inflation.Thiswill

befollowed

byanTheembrace

ofmeat

substitutesisnottheonly

changeinconsumers’

diets.Europeans

eatless

meat,changewhat

meat

theyeat,or

increasingly

cutmeat

from

examination

ofthedietary

habits

of

theEuropean

population.Thetypesof

meattheirdietsaltogether.

Catering

tothesechangingconsumer

demandswill

bethemeat

industry’smost

important

challenge

inthe

nearfuture.consumers

forgo

andforwhich

reasons

they

arecontinuingtochangetheirdietaryhabitswill

beillustrated.

Thereport

concludeswith

anexploration

of

thefutureofthe

European

meat

market.Facts

aboutconsumerdemand:•

Meat

consumption

inthe

European

Union(EU-27)

is

predicted

tofallby1.36million

metric

tonsto36.58

million

metric

tonsby2032.

In2023,

percapitameatconsumption

isalready

expected

to

fallby0.7

kilograms

compared

totheaverage

consumption

of

the

preceding

three

years.•

Alargeportion

ofEU

citizenshaveadopted

ameat-free

lifestyle.

Inthe

UnitedKingdom,about15

percent

ofconsumers

avoid

meat.

InGermany,

12

percentfollow

meatless

diets.3Sources:

Text:Rügenwalder

Mühle01Meat

consumption

trends•

Meat

consumption

inEurope•

Focuson

European

countries’

meat

markets•

Organic

meat•

Meat

price

changesA

market

past

its

primeTheEuropean

consumption

ofmeat

is

startingaslow

declineSincetheturn

of

the

21st

century,

meat

consumption

inmultipleEuropeanTheprices

oforganic

products,which

are

generally

more

expensive

thantheirmarkets

hasstagnated.Meat

consumption

inthe

European

Union

isforecast

tofall

conventional

counterparts,

continuetosoar.by0.4

percent

peryear

between

2022

and

2032,

and

per

capita

consumption

isonInflation

has

generally

negatively

impacted

consumer

spending,

which

includes

meatasimilar

trajectory.

InGermany,

meat

consumption

continued

itslong-termdownward

trend

in2022,

dropping

to

52

kilograms

per

person,

the

lowest

figuresinceconsumption

calculationsbeganin1989.products,

whether

organic

or

not.

However,

this

price

pressure

can

only

account

forthe

most

recent

changes

in

consumer

behavior.

The

overall

reduction

in

consumptionand

the

shift

from

beef

and

pork

to

poultry

require

different

explanations.Thecomposition

ofthemeat

market

ischanging,withmany

consumers

eating

lessmeat,especially

red

meat.

Total

meat

consumption

isdecreasing

asEuropeanconsumers

cutbackonbeef

and

pork.However,

thepopularityofpoultrymeat

isgrowing

across

thecontinent,and

percapitapoultry

consumption

is

expected

toincrease

inthe

coming

years.Anoticeable

exception

isCzechia,which

hasseen

anincrease

inoverall

meatconsumption.

In

recent

years,

thecountry

hasbuckedall

trendsin

Europe,

withpeople

eating

more

ofallmeat

types.

Othercountries

inCentralandEasternEurope

havereached

asaturationpoint.Organic

meat,foryears

agrowing

partofthemeat

market,

istoosmall

asegmenttocounteract

theoverall

trends,andinflationisnotdoing

the

industryanyfavors.5Sources:

Text:Agriculture

and

Horticulture

Development

Board;Bundesanstalt

für

Landwirtschaft

und

Ernährung;USDAForeignAgricultural

ServiceThe

only

way

is

downThecoming

decline

inEuropean

meat

consumptionMeatconsumption

in

the

EU-27

from

2020

to2022

withforecasts

to

2032Volume

inthousandmetrictonsMeat

consumption

inthe

European

Unionisexpectedtopeakatabout37.94

million

metric

tonsin2023,

justabove

the

2020-2022

average.

Between

2022

and2032,

there

will

likely

beless

meat

on

European

dinnerplates,with

consumption

expected

to

decrease

by0.4percent

annually.Meat

demand

isforecast

todrop

to36.58

million

metric

tonsby2032.37,93737,94637,78637,66537,35337,138The2020-2022

average

was

67.5

kilograms

of

meatperperson,

butthatfigureisexpected

to

drop

by0.7kilograms

in2023.

Europeans

areforecast

toeat

66kilograms

of

meat

perperson

by2032.

Withdemandfaltering,overall

growth

opportunities

inthemarketarehardtocome

by.37,00336,91936,85136,71136,5782020-202220232024202520262027202820292030203120326Notes:(1)

European

Union

(EU-27);

2020

to

2022;

values

for2023

onward

are

forecastsSources:

(1)

European

Commission,

ID:1409567;

Text:European

Commission,

ID:1045028Time

to

count

your

chickens?Poultry

remains

the

only

growth

segment

intheEU-27Percapita

consumption

of

meatin

the

EU-27

from

2000

to2022withaforecast

for

2032,

bymeat

type

(inkilograms)Breaking

down

developments

intheEuropean

Unionbymeat

type,onegrowth

market

appears:

poultry.Europeans

areforecast

toeat

24.1

kilograms

ofpoultry

perperson

by2032,

anincrease

of

0.7kilograms

from

2020-2022.706017.635.0Elsewhere,

lower

sales

of

beef

and

pork

are

drivingtheoverall

decline

inmeat

consumption.

From

2000-2002,

per

capita

consumption

of

pork

was

35kilograms,

butthe

most

recent

three-year

averagewas

32.4

kilograms.19.934.123.424.131.15040302010032.410.311.910.99.52000-20022010-20122020-20222032BeefPorkPoultryMutton/lamb7Notes:(1)

European

Union

(EU-27);

2000

to

2022;

value

for2032

is

a

forecastSources:

(1)

European

Commission,

ID:1045023The

one

to

blame?Thecollapse

oftheGerman

meat

marketPercapita

consumption

of

meat,bymeat

type

(inkilograms)G

E

R

M

A

N

Y

U

N

I

T

E

D

K

I

N

G

D

O

MInGermany,

demand

forpork

fell

by11.5

kilogramspercapitainthe

15

years

between

2007

and2022.Despite

thedecrease,

pork

remained

the

mostconsumed

meat

typebyfar.Beef

and

veal

sales

werealsodown,

butpoultry

consumption

increased.Overall,

Germans

consumed

52

kilograms

ofmeat

perperson

in2022,

the

lowest

figuresince

consumptioncalculationsbeganin1989.61.760.961.259.759.859.459.13.955.83.85.64.010.851.03.911.312.4SheepPoultryPork12.723.418.430.527.116.630.615.8Asthe

single

biggestmarket

intheEuropean

Union,Germany

hasasignificantinfluenceon

general

markettrends.

Thestrong

downward

trendinGerman

meatconsumption

causes

the

EUto

follow

slowly.24.616.140.538.736.129.015.9TheUnitedKingdomisexpected

to

see

astagnatingmarket.

TheUK’sannualmeat

consumption

increasedto61.7

kilograms

perperson

in2022

and

isforecast

todrop

slightlyto61.2

kilograms

by2027.

Similar

to

theEUandGermany,

poultry

consumption

is

rising.Beefandveal12.411.711.311.311.010.08.99.18.7200720122017202220072012201720222027*8Notes:(1)

Germany;2007

to2022;

excludes

waste

products

and

bones;

sheep

forGermanyincludes

mutton

and

goatmeat(values

forwhich

arebelow

1kg

forall

years);values

forentrails

and

othermeat

notdisplayed

in

graph(1kg

in

2022);

(2)

United

Kingdom;

2007

to

2022;

*forecastSources:

(1)

Bundesanstalt

für

Landwirtschaft

und

Ernährung;

Deutscher

Jagdverband;

Statistisches

Bundesamt;

Thünen-Institut,

ID:525199;

(2)

OECD,

ID:1409781A

rare

European

growth

marketMeat

consumption

inCzechia

ison

the

risePercapita

consumption

of

meatin

Czechia

from

2013

to2021,

bymeat

type

(inkilograms)Czechia

isanoticeable

exception

tothe

meat

trendsobserved

intherest

of

Europe.

Overall

consumptionhasbeen

increasing

since2013,

reaching

86

kilogramsperperson

in2021.

Furthermore,

allindividualmeattypeshaveseen

growth

inconsumption

over

theperiod.

Poultry

purchasesincreased

foreightconsecutive

years

between

2013

and

2021.

Marketswith

continuousgrowth,

likethis,havebecomeexceedingly

rare

inthe

European

Union.86.084.083.282.480.380.379.375.974.829.929.029.828.426.827.326.024.924.3Eastern

European

markets

suchasRomania

andBulgaria

appearto

havereached

pointswhere

thegrowth

curves

areflatteningout,andthe

per

capitapurchasesare

startingto

stagnate.

Bulgaria

sawporkandpoultrypeak

in2021,

withconsumption

down

for2022.

Romania’s

pork

consumption

peaked

in2018.44.642.842.343.243.043.442.940.740.38.18.79.18.89.47.57.98.58.42013201420152016Beef20172018Others201920202021PorkPoultry9Notes:(1)

Czechia;

2013

to

2021;

others

includes

veal,

mutton,

goatand

horsemeatSources:

(1)

Czech

Statistical

Office,ID:1410189;

Text:National

Institute

ofStatistics

Romania,

ID:1200189;

National

Statistical

Institute

Bulgaria,

ID:1410531Organic

meat:

Just

a

tiny

part

of

the

cutOrganic

meat

market

sharesremain

small

across

EuropeOrganicmeat

only

makes

up

asmall

fraction

of

theEuropean

meat

market.

EvenintheGerman-speakingcountries,

which

are

the

organic

meat

hotspotsofthecontinent,the

market

shares

oforganic

meat

sales

areinsingledigits.InGermany,

just5.9

percent

ofmeatsales

were

organic

in2021.

InAustriaand

Switzerland,itwas

6.2

percent.Austria6.2%6.2%SwitzerlandGermany5.9%NetherlandsFrance

(2019)Italy(2019)Sweden3.3%3.2%2.9%2.9%Sofar,organic

meat

hasalsobeen

agrowth

market.Between

2012

and

2021,

organic

meat

consumption

inFrance,

Germany,

Italy,andSpain

grew

byan

averageof

91

percent.

Atthe

same

time,

overall

meatconsumption

declined

byninepercent

inthesecountries.

Inthe

short

term,

theU.S.Department

ofAgriculture’s

Foreign

Agricultural

Service

expects

areduction

inall

organic

food

sales

inthe

EU,includingmeat,dueto

highenergy

prices,

highfood

prices,

andincreasing

inflation.UK(2020)

1.6%Market

share

for

retailsales

oforganic

meat1.2%

Spain(2017)0.4%

Czechia

(2020)inselected

European

countriesin202110

Notes:(1)

Europe;2021Sources:

(1)

AMI;

CoopSchweiz;

FiBL;NürnbergMesse;

StaatssekretariatfürWirtschaft,ID:1043414;

Text:EuromonitorInternational;

European

Commission;

USDAForeignAgricultural

ServiceRising

meat

prices

are

putting

pressureon

consumersBeef

prices

intheEuropean

Union

and

theUnitedKingdomareatnew

heightsBeefproducerpricesin

the

EU

andthe

UKfrom

2018

to2022Producerpriceineurosperkilogram

deadweightofR3

primecattleInflationhashit

consumers

hardand

isinfluencingtheirspendingpatterns.

Food

prices

havejumped,andmeat

is

no

exception.

Producer

prices

when

sellingprime

cattleinthe

EUandthe

UKhavebeen

rising.UKprices

started

to

climb

in2020

and

reached

5.09

eurosperkilogram

of

deadweight

in2022.

Prices

intheEUareslightly

lower

at4.89

euros

perkilogram.4.13.83.93.64.03.54.73.95.14.9These

price

increases

havemadetheirway

down

thesupply

chain.Comparing

the52

weeks

ending

on

July10,

2022,

to

sales

volumes

of

2021,

retail

volumes

ofnon-organic

meat,fish,

and

poultry

in

theUK

declinedby7.9

percent.

The

decline

in

sales

volumes

coincidedwith

therise

inprices

at

the

beginning

of

October

2021.Asaway

tosavemoney

andcombat

rising

food

costs,29

percent

ofUK

shoppers

arepurchasinglow-costmeats

or

cuts,according

toa2023

studybyDeloitte.2018201920202021202211

Notes:(1)

UK;

EU;2018

to2022;

UKdata

includes

prime

male

cattle

plus

steers;

EUdata

includes

prime

male

cattle

plus

young

bulls;

R3refers

to

cattle

overtwo

years

old

and

up

tothree

years

oldSources:

(1)

BordBia;European

Commission,

ID:1324571;

Text:Agriculture

and

Horticulture

Development

Board;Deloitte,ID:

1415070The

tide

is

highMeat

prices

remain

elevated

inGermanyMonthly

consumer

priceindexfor

meat

in

Germany

from

January

2022

toAugust

2023,

bymeat

typeIndexvalue(2020

=100)InGermany,

thebiggesteconomy

intheEuropean

Union,consumers

havebeenfaced

withincreasing

prices

across

allmeat

types.

Therising

starof

themarket,

poultry,hasbeen

hitespeciallyhard.By

November

2022,

poultrypriceshadjumpedbyover

40

percentcompared

withthe2020

baseline.

AsofAugust

2023,

thiselevated

price

hadshown

no

signsofsubsiding.15020222023140130120110100How

strongly

thesehighprices

willimpactconsumer

spending

inthefuturewill

likely

depend

on

howlong

theystayatthislevel.

Inthe

short

term,

theymake

astrong

incentiveforconsumerstolook

foralternatives

to

meat.Beef

andvealPorkPoultryLamb,sheep,andgoat

meat12

Notes:(1)

Germany;January2022

to

August

2023Sources:

(1)

Statistisches

Bundesamt,

ID:

1412968;

Text:Eurostat;

IMF;ID:68592502Consumer

behaviors•

Dietary

habits

inEurope•

Generational

habits•

Reduction

inmeat

consumption•

Consumers’

motivations

and

intentions•

Shiftsinmeat

consumptionTheEuropean

consumer

base

is

transformingConsumers

areshifting

tomeat-free

dietsor

reducing

theirmeat

intakeEuropeans

areadoptingdietsthateither

cutmeat

outaltogether,

suchaspescetarianism,

veganism,

andvegetarianism,

or

arereducing

their

meat

intake.Clearregional

hotspotsemerge

inacountry

comparison.

Western

Europe

leadsinadoption

ratesforthese

meat-free

andflexitariandiets.future,withpork,

beef,andveal

onthechoppingblock.

Theirmeat

reduction

planseven

includesausages,one

ofthecountry’smost

popularandclassicproducts.There

are

threecore

motivesforconsumers

inEuropean

countries

to

avoid

redmeat:

personal

health,animalwelfare,

and

theenvironment.

Beef’s

environmentalfootprint

and

red

meat’snegative

linktocardiovascular

healthunderscore

thesemotivations.

Shoppers

arelooking

to

increase

theirconsumption

ofwhite

meat.Ageisasignificantindicatoroftheadoptionof

meat-free

diets.

Youngerconsumers,

suchasmillennials

andmembers

ofGeneration

Z,are

more

likely

tohaveadoptedsuchadietinEurope.

Thearrival

ofGeneration

Alpha,the

agecohort

Chicken

consumption

hasalready

seen

anincrease

across

allof

Europeandwillcoming

up

rightbehindGen

Z,

will

probably

push

theenvelope

even

further.Flexitarianism

shows

no

clear

generational

tendencies

likethat.likely

see

continued

growth

ifconsumers’

intentionshold.Justduetothenormal

demographic

shift,thenumber

ofconsumers

following

avegandietwill

increase.

Overall,

meatless

dietswill

gainmore

prominence

thiswayinthecoming

decade.

Iftherest

of

Europe

follows

thepath

paved

bytheUnitedKingdomand

Germany

in

cuttingitsmeat

consumption,

the

futuredistributionofdietary

habitsinthe

European

Union

could

shiftfurther.Consumers

whostill

eatmeat

are

alsoreducing

theirintakeinkey

Europeanmarkets.

Significantsharesof

consumers

from

Germany

and

theUnited

Kingdomrecently

reducedmeatintake.Germans

alsoplan

tomake

furthercutsinthe14Sources:

Text:American

HeartAssociation;

Guardian;ID:1414924;

Xuetal.

(2021)Cutting

the

meat

out

of

Europeans’

dietsSharesof

people

avoiding

and

reducing

meatTypes

of

diets

andnutritional

habitsfollowed

intheEU-27

in2023ShareofrespondentsEuropean

consumers

arethe

reason

forameatmarket

thathasreached

atipping

pointandisstartingtoshrink.Aroundninepercent

ofthose

livingintheEU-27

haveadopted

adietthatcutsmeat

outcompletely.

Consumers

who

areeating

meat

lessfrequently

account

foranother14

percent.FlexitarianismVeganismFlexitarians

systematicallyoroccasionally

reducetheir

meat

intake2%Vegans

avoid

eating

meat14%andallother

animalproductsTogether,

nearly

aquarterof

allEuropeans

areavoiding

or

lowering

theirmeat

consumption.

Theirnumbers

will

likely

grow

inthe

future,narrowing

themarket

formeat

product

sales.VegetarianismPescetarianismVegetarians

do

noteat

meat

oranimal

products

derived

fromtheprocess

ofslaughter,

i.e.,gelatine.

Theydo

eatdairyproducts

andeggs4%3%Pescetarians

eat

likevegetarians

but

incorporatefishintotheir

diets15

Notes:(1)

European

Union

(EU-27);

July

2022

to

June

2023;

18

to64

years;

results

are

an

aggregationoffour

surveyscarriedout

during

the

stated

period;

results

areweighted;

the

EU-27

countries

coveredinthe

surveys:Austria,

Belgium,

Czechia,

Denmark,Finland,

France,Germany,Greece,

Hungary,

Ireland,

Italy,

Lithuania,

Netherlands,

Poland,

Portugal,Romania,

Spain,

and

SwedenSources:

(1)ID:1404120Western

Europe

has

lost

its

appetite

for

meatWestern

European

countries

are

hotspotsforpeople

avoiding

meatDo

you

follow

one

or

more

of

the

following

nutrition

rules?ShareofrespondentsWhen

looking

atacountry

breakdown,

aclear

pictureemerges.

Western

European

countries

arefirstinlinewhen

itcomes

tocutting

meat

from

themenu.Switzerland

scores

remarkably

high,withclose

to

aquarterof

Swiss

consumers

livingmeat-free.

About15percent

of

the

populationsinthe

UKandtheNetherlands

avoid

meat.

Allthe

other

six

countriesdisplayed

stillrankabove

the

EU-27

average

of

ninepercent.25%520%15%114756Meat

avoidance

centers

very

clearly

inWesternEurope.

Elsewhere

inEurope,

countries

likeHungary,Czechia,andRomania

showvalues

muchlower

thanthe

average.

Lithuania

sticksoutasacountry

with

acomparatively

highnumberof

pescetarians

(sixpercent

of

the

population).3610%5%55354344448443332220%SwitzerlandUKNetherlandsGermanyIrelandAustriaFranceDenmarkBelgiumVegansVegetariansPescetarians16

Notes:(1)

Europe;Q2

2022

to

Q1

2023;

18

to

64

years;

depending

onthe

country,

the

surveywas

carriedoutin

Q1

2023

orthe

data

aggregates

four

surveywaves

foreach

quarterfromQ2

2022

to

Q1

2023;

forthe

following

countries,

the

data

was

aggregated:Austria,

Finland,

France,Germany,Italy,

Netherlands,

Poland,

Russia,

Spain,

Sweden,

Switzerland,

and

UK;respondent

numbers

are

generally

over2,000Sources:

(1)ID:1256518;

ID:1256588;

ID:1409996Cutting

down

on

meat

consumptionTheintentiontoreduce

meat

intakeiswidespread

among

European

consumersShareof

respondents

following

aflexitariandietinselected

European

countries

in

2023Flexitarians,

thosewho

reduce

theirconsumption

ofmeat,make

upasizeable

number

ofconsumers

inmanyWestern

European

countries.

Germany,theNetherlands,

and

Switzerland

areabove

theEuropean

average.26%

Greece12%

Belgium12%

Ireland12%

Portugal11%

Serbia10%

Italy19%

Spain19%

Germany17%

Netherlands16%

Switzerland14%

FranceBucking

the

trend,Greece

topsthiscountry

comparison.

Over

aquarterof

Greeks

follow

aflexitarian

diet

thatencourages

meat

tobeconsumedless

frequently.8%8%8%7%6%5%NorwayFinlandLithuaniaPoland13%

Sweden13%

Austria13%

UnitedKingdom12%

Denmark12%

RomaniaCentral

European,

Eastern

European,

andNordic

countries

show

a

below-averagenumber

of

people

reducing

meat

intake.Czechia

and

Hungary

have

the

lowestshares

of

flexitarians,

while

Romanialands

much

closer

to

the

average.HungaryCzechia17

Notes:(1)

Europe;Q2

2022

to

Q1

2023;

18

to

64

years;

depending

onthe

country,

the

surveywas

carriedoutin

Q1

2023

orthe

data

aggregates

four

surveywaves

foreach

quarterfromQ2

2022

to

Q1

2023;

forthe

following

countries,

the

data

was

aggregated:Austria,

Finland,

France,Germany,Italy,

Netherlands,

Poland,

Russia,

Spain,

Sweden,

Switzerland,

and

UK;respondent

numbers

are

generally

over2,000Sources:

(1)ID:1064068Gen

Z

charges

ahead

on

avoiding

meatYounger

consumers

aremore

likely

to

avoid

meat

intheirdietsDo

you

follow

one

or

more

of

the

following

nutrition

rules?ShareofrespondentsEurope’s

younger

generations

are

becoming

importantconsumer

groups,drivingthemovement

of

vegan

andvegetarian

lifestyles.

About15

percent

of

Gen

Zershaveswitched

away

from

meat,while

11

percent

ofmillennials

havedonethe

same.15%5At

the

other

end

of

the

spectrum,

older

generationsshow

little

interest

in

living

meat-free.

They

are

stillimportant

consumer

groups

but

are

destined

to

bereplaced

by

their

children

and

grandchildren.

Thereis

a

more

even

split

of

adults

embracing10%46flexitarianism,

with

shares

between

13

and

15percent

across

all

generations.5%0%432322411GenZMillennialsVegansGenXBabyBoomerVegetariansPescetarians18

Notes:(1)

EU-27;

July

2022

to

June

2023;

31,614

respondents;

18

to

64

years;

results

arean

aggregationoffoursurveyscarriedoutduring

the

stated

period;

results

are

weighted;

the

EU-27

countriescoveredin

the

surveys:Austria,

Belgium,

Czechia,

Denmark,Finland,

France,Germany,Greece,

Hungary,

Ireland,

Italy,

Lithuania,

Netherlands,

Poland,

Portugal,Romania,

Spain,

and

SwedenSources:

(1)ID:1405616;

ID:1405615;

ID:1405551;

Text:ID:1405606Veganism

is

about

totakeoff

in

EuropeMore

andmore

people

areexpected

to

follow

avegan

dietForecast

numberof

consumers

following

ameatless

dietinselected

parts

of

theEU-27

from

2023

to2033,

bytypeInthe

future,the

incoming

generationswill

influence

dietary

habitsintheEuropean

Union.

Ofthethree

dietsthatreduce

or

cutmeat,

veganismisforecast

tosee

the

biggest

increase.

By2033,

thenumber

ofveganswill

rise

toanestimated

8.25

million

inthe

18

EUcountries

covered

inthisforecast.10,851,8288,752,37510,594,2939,350,1898,252,353+24.23%6,642,963Thenumberof

vegetarians

will

growslightly,butfewer

people

will

follow

apescetarian

diet.

Additionally,there

willlikely

bearound

44

to

45

millionflexitariansover

the

analyzed

period.Thispurely

demographic-based

forecastcannotpredict

otherwise

motivatedshiftsindietary

habits.20232024202520262027202820292030203120322033VegansVegetariansPescetarians19

Notes:(1)

European

Union

(EU-27);

adults;

based

onsurveydata

fromthe

European

Union

(Austria,

Belgium,

Czechia,

Denmark,Finland,

France,

Germany,Greece,

Hungary,

Ireland,

Italy,

Lithuania,

Netherlands,

Poland,Portugal,Romania,

Spain,

and

Sweden);

only

countries

named

coveredSources:

(1)ID:1414905;

Text:ID:1414924How

many

peopleare

cutting

down

on

meat?Consumers

inGermany

and

theUKreduce

meat

consumption

across

the

boardChangesin

meat

consumption

withinthe

last

sixmonthsamong

consumers

in

Germany

andtheUKin

2023Dietary

habits

are

notstatic.InGermany

andtheUnited

Kingdom,thefrequency

with

which

meat

iseaten

continues

to