考研英语-试卷16-真题-无答案

考研英语-试卷16(总分142,考试时间90分钟)1.UseofEnglishSectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorD.Illiteracymaybeconsideredmoreasanabstractconceptthanacondition.WhenafamousEnglishwriterusedthe(1)_____overtwohundredyearsago,hewasactually(2)_____topeoplewhocould(3)_____readGreekorLatin.(4)_____,itseemsunlikelythatuniversityexaminershadthissortof(5)_____inmindwhentheyreportedon"creepingilliteracy"inareportontheirstudents"finalexaminationin1988.(6)_____theyears,universitylecturershavebeen(7)_____ofanincreasingtendencytowardsgrammaticalsloppiness,poorspellingandgeneralimprecision(8)_____theirstudents"waysofwriting;andsloppywritingisall(9)_____oftenareflectionofsloppythinking.Their(10)_____wasthattheyhad(11)_____todoteachingtheirownsubject(12)_____teachingtheirundergraduatestowrite.Somelecturersbelievethattheyhavea(n)(13)_____tostresstheimportanceofmaintainingstandardsofdearthinking(14)_____thewrittenwordinaworlddominatedby(15)_____communicationsandimages.They(16)_____ontheconnectionbetweenclearthinkingandaformofwritingthatisnotonlyclear,butalsosensitiveto(17)_____ofmeaning.Thesamelecturersarguethatundergraduatesappeartobethevictimsofa"softeningprocess"thatbegins(18)_____theteachingofEnglishinschools,butthispointofviewhas,not(19)_____,musedagreatdealof(20)_____.1.A.concept B.conditionC.word D.idea2.A.complaining B.referringC.talking D.addressing3.A.clearly B.merelyC.fairly D.Barely4.A.Therefore B.SoC.However D.Thus5.A.disability B.facultyC.condition D.significance6.A.Over B.ForC.During D.Within7.A.afraid B.awareC.warned D.tired8.A.about B.aroundC.with D.in9.A.very B.muchC.too D.quite10.A.complaint B.requestC.appeal D.assertion11.A.little B.nothingC.plenty D.enough12.A.with B.withoutC.for D.by13.A.duty B.aimC.plan D.engagement14.A.by B.asC.for D.via15.A.verbal B.visualC.oral D.factual16.A.focus B.pressC.elaborate D.insist17.A.accuracy B.appropriatenessC.subtleties D.differences18.A.by B.withC.through D.for19.A.surprisingly B.overwhelminglyC.exaggeratingly D.unknowingly20.A.appraisal B.admirationC.perplexity D.controversy2.ReadingComprehensionSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.Theplanet"swildcreaturesfaceanewthreatfromyuppies,emptynesters,singletonsandoneparentfamilies.Biologistsstudyingthepressureontheplanet"sdwindlingbiodiversitytodayreportonanewreasonforalarm.Althoughtherateofgrowthinthehumanpopulationisdecreasing,thenumberofindividualhouseholdsisexploding.Evenwherepopulationshaveactuallydwindled—insomeregionsofNewZealand,forinstance—thenumberofindividualhouseholdshasincreased,becauseofdivorce,careerchoice,smallerfamiliesandlongerlifespans.JianguoLiuofMichiganStateUniversityandcolleaguesfromStanfordUniversityinCaliforniareportinNature,inapaperpublishedonlineinadvance,thatagreaternumberofindividualhouseholds,eachcontainingonaveragefewerpeople,meantmorepressureonnaturalresources.Townsandcitiesbegantosprawlasnewhomeswerebuilt.Eachhouseholdneededfueltoheatandlightit;eachhouseholdrequireditsownplumbing,cookingandrefrigeration."Inlargerhouseholds,theefficiencyofresourceconsumptionwillbealothigher,becausemorepeoplesharethings,"Dr.Liusaid.Heandhiscolleagueslookedatthepopulationpatternsoflifein141countries,including76"hotspot"regionsunusuallyrichinavarietyofendemicwildlife.ThesehotspotsincludedAustralia,NewZealand,theUS,Brazil,China,India,Kenya,andItaly.Theyfoundthatbetween1985and2000inthe"hotspot"partsoftheglobe,theannual3.1%growthrateinthenumberofhouseholdswasfarhigherthanthepopulationgrowthrateof1.8%."Hadtheaveragehouseholdsizeremainedatthe1985level,"thescientistsreport,"therewouldhavebeen155mfewerhouseholdsinhotspotcountriesin2000.Paradoxically,smallerhouseholdsdonotmeansmallerhomes.InIndianRiverCounty,Florida,theaverageareaofaone-storey,singlefamilyhouseincreased33%inthepastthreedecades."Dr.Liu"sworkgrewfromthealarmingdiscoverythatthegiantpandaslivinginChina"sWolongreserveweremoreatrisknowthantheywerewhenthereservewasfirstestablished.Thelocalpopulationhadgrown,butthetotalnumberofhomeshadincreasedmoreswiftly,tomakegreaterinroadsintothebambooforests.GretchenDailyofStanford,oneoftheauthors,said:"Wealldependonopenspaceandwildplaces,notjustforpeaceofmindbutforvitalservicessuchascroppollination,waterpurificationandclimatestabilization.Thealarmingthingaboutthisstudyisthefindingthat,iffamilygroupscontinuetobecomesmallerandsmaller,wemightcontinuelosingbiodiversity—evenifwegettheaggregatehumanpopulationsizestabilised."1.ThefirstparagraphmainlytellsusthatA.theamountofwildlifeisdiminishing.B.thepopulationofhumanisdecreasing.C.NewZealandersliveanunstablelife.D.thestructureoffamiliesischanging.2.AccordingtoDr.Liu"spaper,thedwindlingofbiodiversityisduetoA.thereductioninaveragehomesize.B.theimprovementoflivingconditions.C.theincreasingnumberofresidences.D.thedeclineofpopulationgrowthrate.3.Hotspotregions(Para.2)refertoA.tropicalzones,B.placesofscenicbeauty,C.areaswithhighpopulationdensity.D.regionsrichinavarietyofcreatures.4.Thesignificanceofopenspaceand"wildplacesliesinthatA.theycanrelaxourminds.B.theyprovidedwellingsforus.C.theykeeptheecosystembalanced.D.theyactasanimalreserves.5.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.SmallerHouseholds,LargerDamage.B.Wildlife,AlsoRighttoLive.C.SoaringPopulation,RisingHazardtoWildlife.D.EnvironmentalPollution,EnormousThreattoWildlife.Browsethroughtheracksofdresses,skirts,andtopsinalmostanytrendyclothingstoreinfashion-savvyArgentina,andwhetheryoufindsomethingthatfitsdependsonyoursize.Butshopscarryfew—ifany—optionsforcurvaceouswomen.Whenyougointoastoreandfindanextralarge,youknowthatitisreallytheequivalentofamediumorevenasmallbasedonAmericanstandards.Youfeelfrustratedbemuseyoustarttothinkthateverybodyislikethis,andthatyouarebig.Butthat"snottrue.Inthisbeauty-consciousnation,whichhastheworld"ssecond-highestrateofanorexia,manyarepartiallyblarningthecountry"sclothingindustryforofferingonlytinysizesofthelatestfashions.Theresultisadangerousparadoxofgirlsandwomenadaptingtotheclothesratherthanclothesadaptingtothem.TheArgentinelegislatureisconsideringwhethertoforceclothingmanufacturerstocover"alltheanthropometricmeasurementsoftheArgentinewoman"uptoextralargesize.Thebillalsoaddressestherelatedproblemofso-called"tricky"labelinginwhichS,M,andLdesignationsvarybybrandandaresmallerthaninternationalstandards.Theproposalhasraisedeyebrowsinahistoricallyflirtatioussocietyskepticalofgovernmentandwellknownforitsobsessionwithbeauty."Argentinahastheworld"shighestratesofaestheticsurgery,"saysMabelBello,founderoftheAssociationfortheFightAgainstAnorexia."Whenyouaxetalkingabouthowpreoccupiedwithbeautyoursocietyis,thatisthemosttellingstatistic."Forexpertssuchstatisticsspellfutilityforlegalremedies."Thesetypesoflawsarenotgoingtocauselastingchanges,"saysSusanaSaulquin,asociologistoffashion."Abetterwaytoaddresstheproblemisthroughpubliceducationthatemphasizesbalancedeatinghabitsoveranunrealisticidealofbeauty."Currently,companiestrytopreservebrandimagebycateringtoyoungandextremelythincustomers,butovertime,shebelieves,amorebalancedviewofbeautywillemerge.Fortheirpart,industrygroupscondemnthebillasoverreachingstateintervening.Theysaytheirbusinessdecisionsareguidedbyconsumerdemand."Wearenotinfavorofanythingthatregulatesthemarket,"saysLauraCodda,arepresentativeofmajorclothingmanufacturers."Every**panyhastherighttomakeanythingtheycansell—anycolor,anysizes."Shesayshergroupisnotopposedtomeasuresthatwouldstandardizesizing,butshenotesthatmany,ifnotmost,clothesinArgentinestoresalreadycarrythenumericaldesignationscalledforinthehill.Ifhistoryisaguide,thefateoftheproposedlawissomewhatbleak.However,in2005,theprovincialgovernmentofBuenosAiresmanagedtopassasimilarlaw—althoughthegovernorfailedtosignit.6.Whatkindofwomendo"curvaceouswomen"(Para.1)mostprobablyreferto?A.Well-proportionedandfull-figured.B.Beautifulandcharming.C.Slenderandtall.D.Full-grownandhealthy.7.AestheticsurgeryismentionedtoshowthatA.everywomanhasherrightstopursuebeauty.B.aestheticsurgeryisterriblypopular.C.theunrealisticpursuitofbeautyispopular.D.aestheticsurgeryisjustatrickytrap.8.Accordingtothepassage,SusanaSaulquinA.disbelievesthestatisticsofaestheticsurgery.B.thinkstheproposedlawwillworkovertime.C.regardsthelegalremediesasinadvisable.D.hasdevelopedgoodandbalancedeatinghabits.9.Intheauthor"sopinion,thiskindofbillA.hasclearedthelegislature.B.stillhasafaintlightofhope.C.isactuallynotnecessary.D.isnoneofgovernment"sbusiness.10.ThebesttitleforthispassagemaybeA.WomenAdaptingtoClothsorViceVersa.B.WhoistheArbiter,ManufacturesorCustomers.C.HowtoStandardizeClothesSizing.D.WhySoFewLargeSizeClothes.TheglobalreputationofJapan"sanimationindustry—ananimatedcartoonindustry—hasneverbeenhigher,andatfirstglanceitwouldappeartobeinrudehealth.IntheopeningweekendofMiyazaki"snewfilm,Howl"sMovingCastle,arecord1.1millionJapanesecrammedintocinemasnationwide.Ithassincebeenseenathomebynearly10millionpeople,andhasmadeJapantheonlycountryinwhichTheIncredibleshasbeenkeptoutofthetopslot.YetJapan"sanimatorsarefullofgloom.TheyfearthatthefutureisbleakandthatthesuccessenjoyedbyMiyazakiandStudioGhibli,whichmakeshisfilms,isactuallymaskingasaddecline.IndustryexpertssaythatnotonlyistherealackofcreativetalentonaparwithMiyazaki,buttheoverallstandardofanimatorshasfallenoverthepastdecadeaslowpayandpoorworkingconditionsforcemanytoquit."Miyazakican"tbereplaced,he"saone-off,"saysJonathanClements,aBritishanimationexpert,"Miyazakiisn"t100percentofGhibli,butwhenhegoes,thepartyisover."Thecreative**mercialsuccessenjoyedbyGhiblihasaffordeditauniquebreathingspace.Forotherstudios,however,commercialpressuresforceworktobedoneatbreakneckspeedandonshoestringbudgets.Veteransoftheindustrysayqualityhasbeensacrificedastelevisioncartoonepisodesaremadeforaslittleas￡10,000.ManyyounganimatorsrelyonparentalsupporttoputthemthroughanimationschoolsandcontinuetoneedfinancialhelpjusttoaffordtoworkinTokyo,theworld"smostexpensivecity.Yet,remarkably,animationhaslittleproblemattractingrecruits.Dozensofstudentsporeoverdeskspainstakinglyproducingpageafterpageofdrawings.MostsaytheyareawarethatpayislowbutdesperatelywanttoworkintheindustrytheyfellinlovewithaschildrenthroughcartoonssuchasDoraemon,thebluetalkingcat,andBattleofthePlanets."Butrealityoftenbitesasanimatorsreachtheirthirties,bywhichtimetheytypicallyearnaroundathirdoftheaveragepayforJapanesetheirageandatlowerhourlyratesthansupermarketclerks.Clementsbelievesthatthesoulofanimationisatstake."Animationis,bydefinition,fromJapan,butit"sonlyamatteroftimebeforethenumberofforeigncontributorstipsthebalance,andwhatusedtobeanimationbecomesplainoldcartoons,"hesays."Itmayultimatelyremovemuchofwhatmakesanimationappealtoitscurrentforeignaudiencebase:itsexoticism."11.Forthetimebeing,Japan"sanimationindustryisA.inastateofinactivity.B.somewhatpromising.C.goingfrombadtoworse.D.seeminglyglorious.12.By"...istherealackofcreativetalentonaparwithMiyazaki..."(Paragraph2)theauthormeansA.Miyazakiisathiswitsend.B.fewareasinherentlycreativeasMiyazaki.C.Miyazaki"sachievementsareoverestimated.D.thereislackoffreshbloodinJapaneseanimation.13.InClements"eyes,JapaneseanimationA.charmsforeignerswithitsalienstyle.B.wasfoundedbyMiyazaki.C.isinlackofasoul.D.willbesubstitutedbyforeigncontributions.14.ManyyounganimatorspursuethecareerbecausetheywanttoA.answertheirparents"expectation.B.fulfilltheirchildhooddream.C.prosperanimationindustry.D.achieveeconomicsuccess.15.ThebesttitleforthepassagemightbeA.JapaneseAnimation,WhyisIttoDecline?B.JapaneseAnimation,WhoistheGiant?C.JapaneseAnimation,WhatdoesItNeed?D.JapaneseAnimation,HowtoStickOut?Itishardtoboxagainstasouthpaw,asApolloCreedfoundoutwhenhefoughtRockyBalboainthefirstofaninterminableseriesofmovies.While"Rocky"isfiction,thestrategicadvantageofbeingleft-handedinafightisveryreal,simplybecausemostfight-handedpeoplehavelittleexperienceoffightingleft-handers,butnotviceversa.Theorthodoxviewofhumanhandednessisthatitisconnectedtothebilateralspecialisationofthebrainthathasconcentratedlanguage-processingfunctionsontheleftsideofthatorgan.Because,longagointheevolutionarypast,anancestorofhumansunderwentacontortionthattwisteditsheadaround180"relativetoitsbody,theleftsideofthebraincontrolstherightsideofthebody,andviceversa.Inhumans,theleftbrainisusuallydominant.Andonaverage,left-handersaresmallerandlighterthanright-handers.Thatshould"putthematanevolutionarydisadvantage.Sportingadvantagenotwithstanding,therefore,theexistenceofleft-handednessposesaproblemforbiologists.ButCharlotteFauriethinksheknowstheanswer.Asanyschoolboycouldtellyou,winningfightsenhancesyourstatus.If,inprehistory,thistranslatedintoincreasedreproductivesuccess,itmighthavebeenenoughtomaintainacertainproportionofleft-handersinthepopulation,bybalancingthecostsofbeingleft-handedwiththeadvantagesgainedinfighting.Ifthatistrue,thentherewillbeahigherproportionofleft-handersinsocietieswithhigherlevelsofviolence,sincetheadvantagesofbeingleft-handedwillbeenhancedinsuchsocieties.Dr.Fauriesetouttotestthishypothesis.Fightinginmodernsocietiesofteninvolvestheuseoftechnology,notablyfirearms,thatisunlikelytogiveanyadvantagetoleft-handers.SoDr.Fauriedecidedtoconfinehisinvestigationtotheproportionofleft-handersandthelevelofviolenceintraditionalsocieties.Bytrawlingtheliterature,checkingwithpolicedepartments,andevengoingoutintothefieldandaskingpeople,Dr.Fauriefoundthattheproportionofleft-handersinatraditionalsocietyis,indeed,correlatedwithitshomiciderate.Oneofthehighestproportionsofleft-handers,forexample,wasfoundamongtheYanomamoofSouthAmerica.RaidingandwarfarearecentraltoYanomarnoculture.Themurderrateis4.15per1,000inhabitantsperyear.And,accordingtoDr.Faurie,22.6%ofYanomamoareleft-handed.Incontrast,Dioula-speakingpeopleofBurkinaFasoinWestAfricaarevirtualpacifists.Thereareonly0.013murdersper1,000inhabitantsamongthemandonly3.4%ofthepopulationisleft-handed.Whilethereisnosuggestionthatleft-handedpeopleaxemoreviolentthantheright-handed,itlooksasthoughtheyaremoresuccessfullyviolent.Perhapsthathelpstoexplainthedoublemeaningoftheword"sinister".16.Theexampleof"ApolloCreed"ismentionedtoshowthatA.right-handersareputatapsychologicaldisadvantage.B.right-handersdonotexcelatboxing.C.left-handersenjoyadvantageinsomesports.D.left-handersareofteninvolvedinfighting.17.Dr.FaurietakestraditionalsocietiesasthesubjectofinvestigationbecauseinthemA.highrateofcrimesofviolenceisdocumented.B.theproportionofleft-handersisrelativelyhigh.C.left-handers"advantageisgivenfullplay.D.left-handersaremuchmoreviolentthanright-handers.18.Paragraph4isusedinthispassagetoA.illustratetherelationshipbetweenleft-handersandviolence.B.indicatecausesforhighcriminalrateintraditionalsociety.C.comparemurderratesindifferenttribalregions.D.proveleft-handers"inclinationtocommitcrimes.19.Theauthor"sattitudetowardleft-handersisA.impartial. B.indifferent.C.biased. D.sympathetic.20.Thedoublemeaningoftheword"sinister"referstoA.leftandinferior.B.leftandtricky.C.leftandvulnerable.D.leftandevil.PartBThefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-G.Someoftheparagraphshavebeenplacedforyou.(10points)A.Althoughitdoesnotlookappealing,inrealitythesepeoplehavegoodlives.Theirjobsdonotpayafortunebuttheylovethemandtheirlivesarestress-free.Andnoonewouldguessthattheymakesolittlebecausetheylivemuchbetterthanmanyoftheirfriendswhomakealotmore.Soifyouwantmoremoneyyouhavetocountyourpennies;thereisnootherwaythantospendwisely.B.Whenitcomestomoneymanagementyouneedtothinklongterm.Moneymanagement"isnotonlyhowyoumanageyourmoneyrightnow;itishowyouwillmakesureyourincomeandwealthwillincreaseovertime.Inordertomakemoremoney,mostAmericanstaketheeasiestroute:getasecondjob.Thisiseasy;itwillgivemoremoneyimmediately,butit**eataveryhighcost.C.LookatthecaseofMelissaandherhusband.Theyownanicehome,beautifullydecoratedinaniceneighborhood,theyhaveregularcarsingoodcondition(thoughwithmorethan100Kmilesoneachcar),theydresswellandtraveltoexoticdestinationsonceayear.Howdotheydoit?Theylivewisely.Theydonotbuyanewcarjustbecausepeoplesaythatafter100Kmilesacarisgoodfornothing.Theircarslookgoodandrunwellbecausetheytakecareofthem.Theyarenotplanningonbuyinganewcaranytimesoon.Thisisahugeexpensethattheydonotwanttotake;theyowntheircarsrightnowandtheydonotwantadditionaldebt.D.Ifyouhavechildren,it**eatthecostofprecioustimewiththemoryourfamily.Ifyouaresingleandhavenochildren,itmaycostyoupeaceandtimeforrelaxation.Butbeyondthat,itmaycostyoulongterm:notbeingabletopursuebiggerdreams.E.Youcansavemoneyinmanywaysincludingbuyingless,orbuyingcheaper,orevenbuyingsmarter.Peoplewhoseemtohavemoneyforeverythingandstilldonotcarrycreditcarddebtshouldbeadmired.F.Moneyandcareerwiseyouhavetobesmartandnottaketheshortestpath,butthebest,highvaluepath.Besidewhatyoudoforaliving,themoneyyousavehastobeinvestedwellsothatyouhavegoodreturns.Oneofthebestinvestmentsyoucanhaveisahome(unlessyouneedtorentsinceyouwillbeinaspecificlocationonlyforaveryshorttime).Topayrentistoliterallyputmoneydownthedrain.Thehomeyoubuyhastobesuchthatyoucanmakeprofitinafewyearssothatyoucanbuyabiggerhomeorasimilarhomeandsavetherest.G.Inotherwords,ifyoudevoteyourtimetolearnanewskillorstartyourownbusiness,thiswillnotgiveyoumoneyimmediately,butinthelongtermitwillgivemoremoneyandpersonalsatisfactionthanastupidsecondjob.Order:BisthefirstparagraphandAisthelast.21.22.23.24.PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.ToliveintheUnitedStatestodayistogainanappreciationforDahrendorfsassertionthatsocialchangeexistseverywhere.Technology,theapplicationofknowledgeforpracticalends,isamajorsourceofsocialchange.Yetwewoulddowelltoremindourselvesthattechnologyisahumancreation;itdoesnotexistnaturally.Aspearorarobotisasmuchaculturalasaphysicalobject.(46)Untilhumansuseaspeartohuntgameorarobottoproducemachineparts,neitherismuchmorethanasolidmassofmatter.Forabirdlookingforanobjectonwhichtorest,aspearorrobotservesthepurposeequallywell.TheexplosionoftheChallengerspaceshuttleandtheRussiannuclearaccidentatChernobyldrivehomethehumanqualityoftechnology:theyprovidecasesinwhichwell-plannedsystemssuddenlygotintoamessandtherewasnoreadyhandtosetthemright.Sincetechnologyisahumancreation,weareresponsibleforwhatisdonewithit.Pessimistsworrythatwewilluseourtechnologyeventuallytob