杨忠-语言学概论-课后综合测试题及中文版答案

综合测试题〔一〕I.Indicatethefollowingstatementstrueorfalse.PutTfortrueandFforfalseinthebrackets：(10points)：()1.Generallinguisticsisbasedontheviewthatlanguageasasystem,whichiscomposedofthreeaspects:sound,structureandmeaning.()2.Thetotalnumberofwordsstoredinthebrainiscalledmorphology.()3.Thesentence“Thewomancan’tbearchildren”isstructurallyambiguous.()4.Categorizationreferstotheprocessbywhichpeopleuselanguagetoclassifytheworldaroundandinsidethem.()5.Metaphorscancreatesimilaritiesbetweenthetargetdomainandthesourcedomain.()6.Accordingtoreferentialcontent,deixiscanbeputintopersondeixis,placedeixis,timedeixisanddiscoursedeixis.()7.Phrasestructurerulesarerulesthatspecifytheconstituentsofsyntacticcategories.()8.ModalitycanbecategorizedintoprobabilityandUsuality.()9.Ageisnotthelearnerfactorthathasbeenanissueinsecondlanguageacquisitionresearch.()10.Register,asavarietyoflanguageinuse,isanalyzedonthreedimensions:field,modeandtenor.II.Multiplechoice:(10points)1.____________isthefirstandforemoststrikingfeatureofhumanlanguage.A.creativityB.arbitrarinessC.displacementD.interchangeability2.Syntactically,Japaneseis____________language.A.analyticB.isolatingC.syntheticD.agglutinating3.ThegeneralroleslanguageplaysaretermedA.metalanguagesB.metafunctionsC.metadiscoursesD.metagrammar4.____________isaprocessthatcreatesanewwordbydroppingarealorsupposedsuffix.A.BlendingB.EponymsC.BackformationD.Clipping5.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageiscalleda___________.A.suffixB.prefixC.morphemeD.morph6.__________theoriesarethosethatattempttoexplainacquisitiononthebasisofassuminganinnatebiologicalendowmentthatmakeslearningpossible.A.EnvironmentalistB.functionalistC.nativistD.bothaandb7.Wordsandphraseslikenow,yesterday,nextweek,inthreeday,etC.arecalled__________.A.persondeixisB.timedeixisC.placedeixisD.discoursedeixis8.Everysyllablehasa(n)__________,whichisusuallyavowel.A.nucleusB.onsetC.codeD.rhyme9.___________isdefinedasthestudyofmeaning.A.linguisticsB.semanticsC.morphologyD.pragmatics10.A___________isamixedlanguagewhichhasbecomethemothertongueofaspeechcommunity.A.pidginB.creoleC.EsperantoD.naturallanguageIII.MatchthetermsincolumnAwiththephrasesincolumnBandputa,b…jintobrackets:(10points)A()1.Socialinguistics()2.AppliedLinguistics()3.Morphology()4.Phonetics()5.Linguistics()6.Syntax()7.Psycholinguistics()8.Pragmatics()9.Phonology()10SemanticsBa.theanalysisofsentencestructureb.theanalysisofmeaningincontextc.theanalysisofmeaningd.thestudyofsoundsystemsandpatternse.theapplicationoflinguistictheoriestootherspheresf.thestudyofspeechsoundsg.thestudyoftherelationshipbetweenlanguageandsocietyh.thestudyofwordstructurei.thescientificstudyoflanguagej.thestudyoftherelationshipbetweenlanguageandmindIV.Foreachgroupofsoundslistedbelow,statethephoneticfeature(s)theyallshare:(10points)1.[t∫][dз]2.[m][n][ɡ]3.[f][θ][s][∫][h]4.[d][n][z][l][r]5.[i:][i][u:][u]V.Considerthefollowingwordsandfillintheform:(10points)WordsanalyzednumberofmorphemestroublesomefreemorphemesstepmotherpsycholinguisticsunderstatementantidisestablishmentarianismVI.Interpretatethefollowingambiguoussentences:(10points)1.Theduckistoohottoeat.(1)______________________________________(2)______________________________________2.Visitingfriendscanbeboring.(1)______________________________________(2)______________________________________VII.Explainthefollowingterms:(10points)1.derivation2.learnerfactorsVIII.Answerthefollowingquestions?(30points)1.Whatisthedifferencebetween“aredandaredcoat”?2.Whatarethefeaturesofmodernlinguistics?3.AccordingtoAustin,whatdoesaspeechactconsistof?综合测试题〔二〕I.Indicatethefollowingstatementstrueorfalse.PutTfortrueandFforfalseinthebrackets:(10points)()1.AccordingtoM.A.K.Halliday,thethreemetafunctionsoflanguageareideationalmetafunction,interpersonalmetafunctionandlogicalmetafunction.()2.Dualityisthefirstandforemoststrikingfeatureofhumanlanguage.()3.ModalitycanbecategorizedintomodalizationandmodulationaccordingtoHalliday.()4.Morphologyisthestudyoftheinternalstructureandtheformationofwords.()5.Associativemeaningsaremeaningsthathingeonreferentialmeaning.()6.Secondlanguageacquisitionisacomplexprocesswhichinvolvessocialfactorsandlearnerfactors.()7.Varietiesofalanguageareoffourtypes:thestandardvariety,regionaldialets,sociodialectsandregisters.()8.Functionallinguisticsisbasedontheviewthatlanguageasasystem,whichiscomposedofthreeaspects:sound,structureandmeaning.()9.Euphemismisanexpressionthatsubstitutesonewhichmaybeseenasoffensiveordisturbingtotheaddressee.()10.Intonationisthevariationofpitchtodistinguishutterancemeaning.II.Multiplechoice:(10points)1.Thelanguageusedtotalkaboutlanguageiscalled__________.A.languageB.metalanguageC.naturallanguageD.artificiallanguage2.[+continuant]specifies________________.A.allthefricativesB.allthefricativesandglidesC.allthefricativesandliquidsD.allthefricatives,liquidsandglides3._________isaprocessthatcreatesnewwordsbyputtingtogethernon-morphemicpartsofexistingwords.A.CoinageB.BlendingC.AcronmymsD.Clipping4.A__________isaminimaldistinctivelinguisticunit.A.morphemeB.wordC.phonemeD.allophones5.Theword“multinationalityhas___________morphemes.A.2B.3C.4D.56._________isatermwidelyusedinsociolinguisticstoreferto“varietiesaccordingtouse”,incontrastwithregionaldialectsandsociolects,bothofwhichare“varietiesaccordingtouser”.A.fieldB.modeC.tenorD.register7.__________areafundamentalunitofconversationalstructure.A.back-channelsignalsB.adjacencypairsC.pre-sequencesD.insertionsequences8.TheideathatpeoplecooperatewitheachotherinconversingisgeneralizedbyGrice(1975)as____________.A.theprincipleofrelevanceB.cooperativeprincipleC.thepolitenessprincipleD.thetheoryofprototypes9.Beautyandsirenbothrefertoagood-lookingwoman,buttheydifferin__________.A.affectivemeaningB.styleC.collocationD.register

10.“Johnexplainedthetheory”isa___________processaccordingtoHalliday.A.materialB.mentalC.verbalD.behavioralIII.Completetheblankswithnecessarywordsbeginningwiththelettergiven:(10points)1.Specially,therearefourm__________undercooperativeprinciplegeneralizedbyGrice.2.M__________isunanimouslyacknowledgedbyresearchersandlanguageteachersasanimportantfactorinsecondlanguageacquisition.3.Aspeechactconsistsofthreedimensions.Theactofproducingameaningfullinguisticexpressioniscalledl_____________act.Theactofcommunicatingintentionthroughutteranceistermedi_____________act.Theactofbringingaboutaneffectisknownasp____________act.4.Thetransferenceofpropertiesofthesourcedomaintothetargetdomainisreferredtobysomecognitivelinguistsasm____________.5.C__________isaprocessthatshortensapolysyllabicwordbydeletingoneormoresyllables.6.Amorphememayberepresentedbydifferentforms,calleda___________,7.Thetermlanguagea___________referstothenaturalprocessofchildren’languagedevelopment.8.Ad___________isavarietyofalanguagethatisdistinctivefromotherregionalvarietiesinvocabulary,grammarandpronunciation.IV.MatchthewordsunderlinedinColumnAwiththetypesofEnglishwordformationincolumnB.Andputtheletteryouchooseinthebracketbeforethesentence:(10points)A()1.Thisvetisveryfamousinthetown.()2.Thisclassroomislargeandbright..()3.Heiswateringflowers.()4.Orlonisakindofclothmaterial.()5.Wattisthemeasurementunitofelectricity.()6.EECisanimportantorganizationintheworld.()7.Aneditorisapersonwhoeditsanewspaper.()8.Theroadwasenlargedlastyear.()9.Someyoungpeoplehavebrunchquiteoften.Ba.Conversionb.Derivationc.Blendingd.Backformatione.Acronymf.Compoundingg.Coinageh.Eponymi.ClippingV.Pickoutthesoundthatdoesnotbelongtothegroupofthesoundsaccordingtothenaturalclassofsounds.Andthennamethefeature(s)thatdefinetheonepickedoutandthegroupofsounds:(10points)Forexample:1.[2.[3.[4.[5.[[z]voiced/voiceless_______________________[f][θ][z][s][m][?][l][n][p][b][m][v][w][s][z][∫][dз][з][i:][i][?][u][e][i:][?:][e][?]]____________]____________]____________]____________]__________________________VI.Drawtreediagramstoshowtheambiguityofthesentence,“HefoundhisbookonWallStreet”:(10points)VII.Explainthefollowingterms:(10points)1.languageandlinguistics2.semanticsandpragmaticsVII.Answerthefollowingquestions:(40%)1.Howdoyouunderstandcreativity,oneofthefeaturesofhumanlanguage?2.WhatdoTabooandEuphemismmean?Whatistherelationshipbetweenthem?3.WhatarethegeneralroleslanguageplaysaccordingtoHalliday?综合测试题〔三〕I.Indicatethestatementstrueorfalse.PutTfortrueandFforfalseinthebrackets.(10points)

()1.Amorphemeisthesmallestdistinctivelinguisticunitthatcancontrastwordsinmeaningandinform.()2.Thelanguageusedtotalkaboutlanguageiscalledmetalanguage.()3.Theword“went”containstwomorphemes.()4.Theapproachthatanalyzeswordmeaningbydecomposingitintoitsatomicfeaturesiscalledcomponentialanalysis(CA).()5.Euphemismreferstoaprohibitionontheuseof,mentionof,orassociationwithparticularobjects,action,orpersons.()6.Thedistinctionbetweenafreemorphemeandaboundmorphemeiswhetheritcanbeusedindependentlyinspeechorwriting.()7.InEnglish,thetwoliquids[l]and[r]arephonemes,butinKorean,theyareallophones.()8.MoodisasyntacticconstituentmadeupoftheSubjectandthePredicate.()9.Compoundingisonetypeofwordformationbycombiningbothfreemorphemesandboundmorphemes.()10.Thetotalnumberofwordsstoredinthebrainiscalledthelexicon.II.Multiplechoice:(10points)1.Thefollowingsareallfeaturesoflanguageexcept__________.A.dualityB.productivityC.changeabilityD.displacement2.Thelexicalsenserelationbetweenflourandfloweris__________.A.synonymyB.antonymC.polysemyD.homonymy3.______isaprocessthatputsanexistingwordofoneclassintoanotherclass.A.ConversionB.AbbreviationC.EponymsD.Blending4.Childrenallundergo________stagesoflanguagedevelopment.A.babbling,two-word,holophrasticandthetelegraphicspeechB.babbling,two-word,telegraphicspeechandtheholophrasticC.babbling,holophrastic,two-word,andthetelegraphicspeechD.babbling,holophrastic,telegraphicspeechandthetwo-word5.Thefollowingsareacknowledgedasimportantfactorsinsecondlanguageacquisitionexcept_________.A.motivationB.nationalityC.ageD.learningstrategy6.Speakersconsiderthematteroffaceforthemselvesandothers.Basedonthisobservation,Leech(1983)proposes_____________.A.thecooperativeprincipleB.theprincipleofrelevanceC.thepolitenessprincipleD.speechacts7.Minimalpairscanbeexemplifiedby____________.A.moon/noonB.foot/foodC.she/sheetD.sea/sea8.Thefeaturesthatarefoundoverasegmentorasequenceoftwoormoresegmentsarecalled___________.A.distinctivefeaturesB.non-distinctivefeaturesC.suprasegmentalfeaturesD.freevariation9.The____________function(sometimesalsoreferredtoasexperientialfunction)isrealizedbythetransitivitysystemoflanguage.A.ideationalB.interpersonalC.textualD.logical10.Freemorphemesweretraditionallycalledroots,andboundmorphemes_________.A.prefixesB.suffixesC.affixesD.inflectionalmorphemesIII.MatchthewordsunderlinedinColumnAwiththetypesofEnglishwordformationincolumnB.Andputtheletteryouchooseinthebracketbeforethesentence:(10points)A()1.MostchildrenlikedrinkingCoca-cola.()2.UNESCOisabranchUnitedNations.()3.Thepolicemachinegunedthegang.()4.Ilikesandwichesverymuch.()5.Therearealotoffruitsinthefridge.()6.Infotechispopularnowadays.()7.Aneditorisapersonwhoeditsanewspaper.()8.Hisstepmotherisverykindtohim.()9.Thestreetwaswidenedlastyear.Ba.Conversionb.Derivationc.Blendingd.Backformatione.Acronymf.Compoundingg.Coinageh.Eponymi.ClippingIV.Writethephoneticsymbolthatcorrespondstothearticulatorydescription.(10points)1.labiodentals2.interdentals3.backvowels4.highvowels5.palatalaffricatesV.MatchthesentenceinColumnAwiththelinguisticprocessincolumnB.Andputtheletteryouchooseinthebracket.(10points)A()1.Thenoiseannoyedhim.()2.Thepolicecaughthim()3.Therearetwobooksonthetable.()4.Johnexplainedthetheorytome.()5.HewatchesTVeveryday.()6.TheconferenceisonMondayBa.Materialprocessb.Relationalprocessc.Mentalprocessd.Verbalprocesse.Behavioralprocessf.ExistentialprocessVI.Explainthefollowingterms:(10points)1.arbitrariness2.voicingVII.Drawtreediagramstoshowtheambiguityofthesentence,“Theycanfish”.(10points)VIII.Answerthefollowingquestions?(30points)1.2.Whatisthedifferencebetweenagreenhouseandagreenhouse?Whatisconversionintermsofwordformation?Illustrateitwithexamples.3.Whatarethecomponentsofmetaphors?综合测试题〔四〕I.Indicatethestatementstrueorfalse.PutTfortrueandFforfalseinthebrackets:(10points)()1.Englishisatonelanguage.()2.Boundmorphemesarealwaysattachedtofreemorphemestoformnewwords.()3.Associativemeaningsaremeaningsthathingeonreferentialmeanings.()4.Metaphorisanessentialelementinourcategorizationoftheworldandourthinkingprocess.()5.Overgeneralizationisfounduniversalinsecondlanguageacquisition.()6.AccordingtoM.A.K.Halliday,thethreemetafunctionsoflanguageareexperientialmetafunction,interpersonalmetafunctionanddiscoursemetafunction.()7.Thelanguageusedtotalkaboutlanguageiscalledmetalanguage.()8.Therearetwotypesoflanguageintheworld:naturallanguageandartificiallanguage.()9.Coinageisaprocessofinventingwordsbasedonexistingmorphemes.()10Environmentalisttheoriesholdthatexperienceisofmoreimportancethaninnatecontributionsinlearningasecondlanguage.II.Multiplechoice:(10points)1.Theword“antidisestablishmentariaism”iscomposedof______morphemes.A.sixB.sevenC.eightD.nine2.__________referstothevibratingofthevocalcordswhensoundsareproduced.A.VoicingB.VoicedC.NasalizationD.Aspiration3.Smogisa___________word.A.derivedB.clippedC.blendedD.compound4.Theideathatthelearnershaveasenseofachievementaslongastheylearnifofvitalimportance.Thiskindofmotivationmaybetermed____motivation.A.instrumentalB.integrativeC.cognitiveD.noneofthem5.[u:]possessesthefeatures_____________.A.[+high][+back][+round][-tense]B.[+high][-back][+round][+tense]C.[+high][+back][+round][+tense]D.[-high][+back][+round][+tense]6.Englishisanexampleof_________languages.A.VSOB.SVOC.SOVD.SVO7.A________isthesmallestdistinctivelinguisticunitthatcancontrastwordsinmeaningandinform.A.phonemeB.phoneC.morphemeD.morph8.Freemorphemesweretraditionallycalled_________.A.affixesB.prefixC.suffixD.root9.Thelexicalsenserelationbetweenelephantandanimalis__________.A.hyponymyB.synonymyC.antonymyD.homonymy10.Wordslikemaleandfemale,passandfail,etc.are________antonyms.A.gradableB.complementaryC.reversalD.relativeIII.MatchthesentenceinColumnAwiththelinguisticprocessincolumnB.Andputtheletteryouchooseinthebracketbeforethesentence.(10points)A()1.JohnistalkingtoJane.()2.Tomistheleader()3.Thereisacatonthebed.()4.Thebadnewsastonishedher.()5.Edwardbrokethewindow.()6.Hewavedhishands.Ba.Materialprocessb.Relationalprocessc.Mentalprocessd.Verbalprocesse.Behavioralprocessf.ExistentialprocessIV.Statewhatsemanticpropertyorpropertiesaresharedbythegroupofwords.(10points)Forexample:typewriter,ruler,notebook1.king,bachelor,son2.bull,rooster,stallion3.pine,rose,elm4.bravery,charity,devotion5.car,bike,plane[+stationary]________________________________________________V.Transcribethesoundrepresentedbytheunderlinedletter(s)inthewordsandthedescribeit.(10points)Example:far[a:]backlowvowel1.thread2.beat3.important4.live5.stop[[[[[]]]]]VI.Explaintheambiguityofthefollowingsentences.(10points)1.Shecannotbearchildren.(1)(2)(3)______________________________________________2.Hehatesoldmenandwomen.(1)(2)______________________________________________VII.Explainthefollowingtermswithexamples.(10points)1.2.CompoundingFreevariationVII.Answerthefollowingquestions?(30points)1.2.Whatisthedistinctionbetweensemanticsandpragmatics?Whatarethefourparametersthatunderlieaspeaker’scommunicativecompetenceaccordingtoHymes(1972)?3.Whatarethethreetypesofantonyms(lexicalopposition)inEnglish?综合测试题〔五〕I.Indicatethestatementstrueorfalse.PutTfortrueandFforfalseinthebrackets:(10points)()1.Languageisdefinedasasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.()2.Languagecontainstwosubsystems,oneofsoundsandtheotherofmeaning.()3.TheSwisslinguistChomskyregardedthelinguisticsignascomposedofsoundimageandreferent.()4.Languagecanbeusedtorefertothingsrealorfalse,past,presentorfuture.()5.Languageismerelygeneticallytransmittedfromgenerationtogeneration.()6.Weuselanguageassymboliccodetorepresenttheworldaroundus.()7.Theideatonalfunctionoflanguagebindsindividualstogether.()8.Whenwespeakorwriteweusuallyconfineourselvestosinglephrasesorsentences.()9.Languageismostlyanaturalphenomenon.()10.Appliedlinguisticisconcernedwiththeapplicationoflinguistictheoriesanddescriptionsinotherfields.Ⅱ.Transcribethesoundunderlinedinthewordsandthendescribeit.(5points)1.2.3.4.5.GeographicRedSongClockPsychopathy

Ⅲ.ThefollowingsetsofminimalpairsshowthatEnglish/p/and/b/contrastininitial,medial,andfinalpositions.(5points)Initialpit/bitMedialrapid/rabidFinalcap/cabFindsimilarsetsofminimalpairsforeachpairofconsonantsgiven:1.2.3.4.5./k/-/g//m/-/n//l/-/r//b/-/v//b/-/m/Ⅳ.Eachofthefollowingcolumnsillustratesadifferentmorphologicalprocess.(10points)ColumnⅠA.chairsB.widerC.lookedD.Tom’sColumnⅡA.realityB.movementC.malcontentD.stepmotherColumnⅢA.blackboardB.greenhouseC.makeshiftD.paintwork(1)WhatmorphologicalprocessisshownbyColumnⅠ,ⅡandⅢ.(2)Whatisthemorphologicaldifferencebetweena),b)andc),d)inColumnⅡ.Ⅴ.Tellwhetherpolarityormodalityisexpressedinthefollowingsentencesifmodality,thenidentifythetype(modalizationormodulation).(10points)1.Ihavenotfinishedthetask.2.Heoftencomestomyoffice.3.Iwillshowyouhowtomakeupthebed.4.Hehardlycamebacktoseehismother.5.Thecompanyoughttocutthepriceoftheproducts.Ⅵ.Analyzethesemanticpropertiesofthegivencookingterms,usingthefeatures[+/-WATER],[+/-FAT],[+/-PAN],[+/-POT],[+/-OVEN],[+/-SIEVE],etc.(10points)boil:fry:steam:stew:bake:Ⅶ.Paraphraseeachofthefollowingsentencesintwodifferentwaystoshowthatyouunderstandtheambiguityinvolved:(15points)a).Theprofessor’sappointmentwasshocking.b).Thedesignhasbigsquaresandcircles.c).Thegovernorisadirtystreetfighter.Ⅷ.WhatmaximofthepolitenessprincipleisobservedbyB?Whatistheimplicature?(5points)a).Thedressislovely,isn’tit?b).Thematerialisnice.Ⅸ.Drawtwophrasestructuretreesrepresentingthetwomeaningsofthesentencethemagiciantouchedthechildwiththewand.Besureyouindicatewhichmeaninggoeswithwhichtree.(10points)Ⅹ.Answerthefollowingquestion:(20points)1.WhatisthefunctioningofstressandintonationinEnglish?2.Howdoyouaccountfortherelationbetweenphoneticsandphonology?综合测试题〔六〕I.Indicatethestatementstrueorfalse.PutTfortrueandFforfalseinthebrackets:(20points)()1.Inthestudyofthefirststepisthetaskofauditoryphonetics.()2.Thesoundsourceisthelarynx.()3.Theoralcavitycontainsmostofthearticulators,namely,theuvula,thevelumthehardpalate.()4.Soundswhichareproducedwiththeupperteethtouchingthelowerliparelabialdentals.()5.Conversionisusuallyfoundinwordscontainingonemorpheme.()6.Abbreviationsareformedbyputtingtogetherthefinallettersofsomeorallwordsinaphraseortitle.()7.Eponymsarewordsthatoriginatefrompropernamesofindividualsorplaces.()8.Allmembers.ofaspeechcommunitycansendandtakemessages.()9.TraditionalgrammarwasinitiallybasedonEuropeanlanguage,particularlyonLatinandGerman.()10.Oneoftheimportantconceptsofstructuralgrammaristheconceptofimmediateconstituent.()11.Pragmaticsistheanalysisofmeaningincontext.()12.Themeaningscommunicatedthroughlanguageareortwotypes:conventionalmeaningsandintentionalmeanings()13.Anexpressionusedbyaspeaker/writertoidentifysomethingiscalleddeicticexpression.()14.Chomskytheoryofconversationalimplicatureisregardedasabreakthroughinpragmaticstudyoflanguageuse.()15.Relevanceisarelativenotion.Itisdeterminedbytwofactors:contextualeffectandprocessingeffort.()16.Modalitycanbecategorizedintomodalizationandintention.()17.Moodisasyntacticconstituentmadeupoftheobjectandthefinite.()18.Relationalprocessesarelinguisticprocessesthatrepresentarelationbeingsetupbetweentwoseparate.()19.Mentalprocessesareprocessesofsensing.()20.ATGgrammarmustaccountforalloronlygrammaticalsentences.Ⅱ.Dividethefollowingwordsbyplacinga+betweentheirseparatemorphemes.(5points)1.Retroactive2.Befriended3.Televise4.Margin5.EndearmentⅢ.WritetheoneproperdescriptionfromthelistunderBfortheitalicizedpartofeachwordinA.(5points)Aa.terrorizedb.uncivilizedc.terrorized.lukewarme.impossibleB(1)freeroot(2)boundroot(3)inflectionalsuffix(4)derivationalsuffix(5)inflectionalprefix(6)derivationalprefix(7)inflectionalinfix(8)derivationalinfixⅣ.Writeoutatleasttenstructurerulesthateachofthefollowingrulesabbreviate.(5points)VP→V(NP)(PP)(Adv)NP→(Det)(Adj)N(PP)Ⅴ.Drawphrasestructuretreesforthefollowingsentences:(10points)a)Themanfoundtheletter.b)Thestudentsputthebooksintheclassroom.Ⅵ.Writethesemanticfeaturesharedbythegivenwords.(5points)1.2.3.4.5.Bull,rooster,bachelor,boyMilk,water,alcohol,oilSquash,tennis,cricket,fencing,boxingIdea,concept,love,clarity,democracyPine,elm,willow,birch,poplarⅦ.Eachofthefollowingwordsisabasiclevelterm.Writeitssuperordinateintheleftblankandoneofitssubordinateintherightblank.(10points)1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.tablewillowcatbluedictionarypaintingdriververbchemistryjuiceⅧ.Theoppositeofanalyticiscontradictory.Asentencethatisfalseduetothemeaningofitswordsaloneiscontradictory.Kingsarefemaleisanexample.WriteaCbythecontradictorysentencesandSforsituationalbysentencesthatarenotcontradictory.(10points)1.Mysisterisaman.2.Witchesarewicked.3.Mysisterisanonlychild.4.Theeveningstarisn’tthemorningstar.5.Theeveningstarisn’ttheeveningstar.6.Babiesareadults.7.Babiescanliftoneton.8.Puppiesarehuman.9.Mybachelorfriendsareallmarried.10.Mybachelorfriendsarealllonely.Ⅸ.PigLatinisacommonlanguagegameofEnglish;butevenPigLatinhasdialects,formsofthe“languagegame”withdifferentrules.(10points)ConsiderthefollowingdatafromthreedialectsofPigLatin,eachwithitsownruleappliedtowordsbeginningwithvowels:Dialect1“eat”“arc”[itme][arkme]Dialect2[ithe][arkhe]Dialect3[ite][arke]⑴StatetherulethataccountsforthePigLatinformsineachdialect.Dialect1:Dialect2:Dialect3:⑵Howwouldyousayhonest,admire,andillegalineachdialect?GivethephonetictranscriptionofthePigLatinforms.honestadmire1.1.2.2.3.3.Illegal1.2.3.Ⅹ.Answerthefollowingquestions:(20points)1.Whatisthefunctionofphonologicalknowledge?2.Exemplifythedifferencesbetweenanaphoricandcataphoricreference.综合测试题〔七〕Ⅰ.Completetheblankswithnecessarywordsbeginningwiththelettergiven:(10points)1.2.Thetermlareferstothenaturalprocessofchildren’slanguagedevelopment.Itisfoundthatchildrenallundergocertainstagesoflanguagedevelopment,namelytheb3.4.5.6.7.stage,holophrasticstage,,thetwo-wordstage,andthetelegraphicspeechstage.Thepracticeoferroranalysisisdividedintoidescribingandexplaining.Sreferstotheanalysisofmeaning.Intheaspectofaffectivemeaning,statesmaniscommendinginsensewhilepoliticianisdDsynonymsarewordswhicharesimilarinmeaningbutusedindifferentdialectsofthelanguage.Inordertoavoidrepetitionthewriterneedstouseastoreplaceawordusedinthepreviousco-textwhenhe/shewantstocontinuetoaddressthatidea.8.9.Thesentence“Thebachelorisunmarried”isittThedomaintobeconceptualizediscalledtdomain.10.Pevent.Ⅱ.Writethesoundwhichcorrespondstoeachofthefo