小升初小学英语总复习：句子成分和基本句型

小升初小学英语总复习：句子成分-基础句型（一）这两句话的翻译正确吗？Howareyou？怎么是你?Howoldareyou?怎么老是你?不可以完全按照中文的表达习惯学习英语哦！我们需要了解中英文表达习惯的差异。Howareyou？你好吗?Howoldareyou?你几岁啦?中文句子偏线形英文句子偏树形我爱学英语。主语+谓语宾语补语e.g.Igotoschoolbybikeeveryday.状语定语什么是句子呢？我，是句子吗？你，是句子吗？我爱你，是句子吗？请思考：我，是句子吗？你，是句子吗？我爱你，是句子吗？句子是指由词和词组通过句法构成的、能够表达完整意思的语言单位。那么，句子成分又是什么呢？Iloveyou.主语：谓语：宾语：Iloveyou.主语：I谓语：love宾语：youIloveyou.主语：动作的发出者。谓语：动作本身。宾语：动作的承受者。主语(S)：动作的发出者,主要叙述对象或主要内容,多在句首1.名词作主语：

Englishismyfavouritesubject.2.代词作主语：That'sOK.3.数词作主语：

Twowillbeenough.

……谓语(V)：简单动词/动词短语（助动词/情态动词+主要动词）构成Lisateaches

usEnglish.Lisa教我们英语。谓语动词系动词Iamastudent.情态动词(不可单独作谓语)Hecanspeak

English.实义动词Sherunsfast.主+系+表主+谓+宾主+谓/主+谓+宾实义动词主+谓+宾主+谓及物动词(必须跟宾语意义才完整)Ibuy

abook.不及物动词(本身意义完整，不必跟宾语)Iwork.010205031.主语(S)+谓语(Vi不及物动词)I

swim.我游泳。010205031.主语(S)+谓语(Vi不及物动词)e.g.Timeflies.Thecarstopped.Youwillsee.Iamdancing.时态的改变都体现在动词上哦！掌握主语和谓语动词，距离掌握句型就成功了一半哦！010205032.主语(S)+谓语(Vt及物动词)+宾语(O)I

watch

TV.我看电视。宾语(O)：动作行为的对象或承受者，放在及物动词或介词之后。WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。010205032.主语(S)+谓语(Vt及物动词)+宾语(O)e.g.IcanspeakEnglish.Hewillgotoschool.Lilylostherbag.Thechildrenareplayingfootball.连词成句1.basketball,he,play,can(.)____________________________步骤：1.找主语2.找谓语动词

3.找宾语连词成句1.basketball,he,play,can(.)____________________________步骤：1.找主语2.找谓语动词

3.找宾语主语动词宾语连词成句1.basketball,he,play,can(.)____________________________步骤：1.找主语2.找谓语动词

3.找宾语Hecanplaybasketball.010205033.主语(S)+系动词(Link.V)+表语(P)I

am

astudent。我是一名学生。位于系动词之后系动词：1.状态系动词：be动词(am/is/are/was.were)

e.g.Fiveplustwoisseven.2.持续系动词：keep,stay,seem等

e.g.Istay

quiet.

3.感官系动词：look,sound,smell,taste,feel等

e.g.Ittastes

good.4.变成系动词：get,grow,turn,become等

e.g.Hebecame

madafterthat.Myhobbyisreading.表语：也叫主语补语，用来说明主语的特征、状态等,补充说明主语的意义,一般用在系动词后面请选出下列句子中的表语1.Theoldmanisfeelingverytired.A.theoldmanB.isC.feelingD.tired2.Hisjobwastopaintthewall.A.hisjobB.wasC.paintthewallD.paint()()请选出下列句子中的表语1.Theoldmanisfeelingverytired.A.theoldmanB.isC.feelingD.tired2.Hisjobwastopaintthewall.A.hisjobB.wasC.paintthewallD.paint(D)(C)010205033.主语(S)+系动词(Link.V)+表语(P)e.g.Thatsoundsgood.Yourdreamwillcometure.Theweatherbecamewindy.Wegrowsolderandolder.连词成句1.These,good,are,carrots(.)____________________________2.not,am,thirsty,I(.)___________________________步骤：1.找主语2.找系动词连词成句1.These,good,are,carrots

(.)______________________________________2.not,am,thirsty,I(.)______________________________________系动词系动词主语主语连词成句1.These,good,are,carrots

(.)____________________________2.not,am,thirsty,I(.)_____________________________Therearegoodcarrots.Iamnotthirsty.010205034.主语(S)+谓语(V)+间接宾语(O)+直接宾语(O)I

sendyouagift.我给你一个礼物。010205034.主语(S)+谓语(V)+间接宾语(O)+直接宾语(O)I

sendyouagift.我给你一个礼物。人间物直010205034.主语(S)+谓语(V)+间接宾语(O)+直接宾语(O)Iwillgivethebooktoyou.SheteachesusEnglish.Pleaselendmesomemoney,willyou?Myfatherboughtmeanewdressyesterday.e.g.请划出句子中的直接宾语,圈出间接宾语。1.Pleasetellusastory.2.Mybrotherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.3.Mr.LiisgoingtoteachusMathsnextterm.4.Hereisapen,giveittoTom.5.Didheleaveanythingforme?请划出句子中的直接宾语,圈出间接宾语。1.Pleasetellusastory.2.Mybrotherbought

anewbikeformelastweek.3.Mr.LiisgoingtoteachusMathsnextterm.4.Hereisapen,giveittoTom.5.Didheleaveanythingforme?010205035.主语(S)+谓语(V)+宾语(O)+补语(C)Readingmakes

mehappy.阅读使我快乐。010205035.主语(S)+谓语(V)+宾语(O)+补语(C)Readingmakes

mehappy.阅读使我快乐。010205035.主语(S)+谓语(V)+宾语(O)+补语(C)Readingmakes

mehappy.阅读使我快乐。dad

mom

baby

babysitterIfoundEnglisheasy.我发现英语不难。补语：起补充说明的作用。有主语补足语和宾语补足语010205035.主语(S)+谓语(V)+宾语(O)+补语(C)Keepyourroomclean.IfoundEnglisheasy.Smokefromcarsmakestheairdirty.Leelefthismobilephoneathomejustnow.e.g.5种基本句型句子类型又有什么用呢？组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。概念须知：I

met

mybest

friendTomatthestationyesterday.我昨天在这个车站遇到了我最好的朋友Tom.组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。概念须知：I

met

mybest

friendTomatthestationyesterday.主语谓语定语宾语状语我昨天在这个车站遇到了我最好的朋友Tom。Weoftenplaybasketballontheplaygroundafterschool.状语：说明地点、时间、程度、频率、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、方式和伴随状况等。请选出下列句子中的状语。()1.Iwillgotheretomorrow.A.IB.willgoC.thereD.tomorrow()2.Hestudieshardtopasstheexam.A.heB.studiesC.hardD.pass

请选出下列句子中的状语。(D)1.Iwillgotheretomorrow.A.IB.willgoC.thereD.tomorrow(C)2.Hestudieshardtopasstheexam.A.heB.studiesC.hardD.pass

Isawagirl.Isawabeautifulgirl.定语：修饰主语或宾语的成分1.Thebikeintheroomismine.2.Doyouknowthenumberoftheguests?3.Thegirlinreddressismysister.定语：修饰名词/代词品质或特征的成分,

汉语中常用”……的“表示e.g.请选出下列句子中的定语。()1.Shewasasmalllovelygirl.A.SheB.wasC.smalllovelyD.girl()2.Therearetwoboysintheroom.A.ThereareB.twoC.twoboysD.intheroom

请选出下列句子中的定语。(C)1.Shewasasmalllovelygirl.A.SheB.wasC.smalllovelyD.girl(B)2.Therearetwoboysintheroom.A.ThereareB.twoC.twoboysD.intheroom

主谓宾、定状补，主干枝叶分清楚。主干成分主谓宾，枝叶成分定状补。定语必居主宾前，谓前为状谓后补。状语有时位主前，逗号分开心有数。句子成分划分口诀主语(S)+谓语(V)主语(S)+谓语(V)+宾语(O)主语(S)+系动词(Link.V)+表语(P)主语(S)+谓语(V)+间接宾语(O)+直接宾语(O)主语(S)+谓语(V)+宾语(O)+补语(C)5种基本句型填一填Homework:请分析下列划线单词的成分。1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Myfatherboughtmeapairofshoes.3.Icanbeadoctorinthefuture.4.Thenaughtymonkeyissleepingnow.5.Atlasthegothome,tiredandhungry.请分析下列划线单词的成分。1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Myfatherboughtmeapairofshoes.3.Icanbeadoctorinthefuture.4.Thenaughtymonkeyissleepingnow.5.Atlasthegothome,tiredandhungry.（表语）（直接宾语）（状语）（定语）（表语）Mymother____busylastweekend.She____mygrandmaonSaturdaymorning.They____noodlestogether.___theevening,she___theclothes.Sheoften____tothepark,butshe____mybedroomlastSunday.Intheafternoon,shewentshopping.ShewatchedTV____meintheevening.Shewasverytiredlastweekend.SoIwillhelpmymotherdohousework____weekend.cookedwasinongoesvisitedwashedcleanedwith选词填空Mymother____busylastweekend.She_______mygrandmaonSaturdaymorning.They________noodlestogether.___theevening,she_______theclothes.Sheoften____tothepark,butshe_______mybedroomlastSunday.Intheafternoon,shewentshopping.ShewatchedTV____meintheevening.Shewasverytiredlastweekend.SoIwillhelpmymotherdohousework____weekend.cookedwasinongoesvisitedwashedcleanedwith选词填空wasvisitedcookedInwashedgoescleanedwithon5种基本句型7大句子成分表小升初小学英语总复习：句子成分-基础句型（二）名词、代词数词、不定式动名词、分词主语从句和短语等主语主语句子成分1.主语（subject）:动作的发出者Helikesdancing.（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Thesunrisesintheeast.（名词）

Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）Tosee

istobelieve.（不定式）找出下列句中的主语：Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.找出下列句中的主语：Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.（名词）Shewentoutinahurry.（代词）Fourplusfouriseight.（数词）Tosee

istobelieve.（不定式）Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.找出下列句中的主语：Smokingisbadforhealth.（动名词）Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.（名词化的形容词）Whathehassaidistrue.（句子）找出下列句中的主语：2.谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。a.由动词或动词词组组成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill.Helookedaftertwoorphans.b.由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesn'tseemtolikedancing.找出下列句中的谓语1.WeloveChina.2.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.3.HecanspeakEnglish.4.Sheseemstired.找出下列句中的谓语1.WeloveChina.2.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.3.HecanspeakEnglish.4.Sheseemstired.3.表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

常见的系动词有:be动词,sound（听起来）,look（看起来）,feel(摸起来)

smell（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）,remain（保持，仍是）,feel（感觉）...Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.

Heisateacher.（名词）Seventy-four!Youdon'tlookit.（代词）Fiveandfiveisten.（数词）Heisasleep.（形容词）Hisfatherisin.（副词）Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)

找出下列句中的表语。1.Iamateacher.2.Theyareontheplayground.3.MyjobisteachingEnglish.4.Itgetscold.5.Itsoundsinteresting.找出下列句中的表语。1.Iamateacher.2.Theyareontheplayground.3.MyjobisteachingEnglish.4.Itgetscold.5.Itsoundsinteresting.4.宾语：动作的承受者1)动词之后

IlikeChina.（名词）Hehatesyou.（代词）Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（数词）Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）

2）介词后-----介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）双宾语-----宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.

Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.找出下列句子的宾语部分：1.Weoftenhelphim.2.Helikestoplaybasketball.3.Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.4.Theyaretalkingaboutthenewstudent.找出下列句子的宾语部分：1.Weoftenhelphim.2.Helikestoplaybasketball.3.Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.4.Theyaretalkingaboutthenewstudent.1、主语+系动词+表语Themusicsoundsnice.

Hebecameateacher.

Theleafwillturnyellowinautumn.句型二：主语+谓语

.Thefireisburning.

Thesunrisesandthesunsets.

Thesunsetsinthewest.

Heworkshard.3、句型三：主语+谓语+宾语IlikechattingontheInternet.

chatting作宾语，介词短语ontheInternet修饰动作，作状语。HespeaksEnglishwell.

English作宾语，副词well修饰动作speak，作状语。4、句型四：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语Heshowedmehisnewbook.

me是“间接宾语”，newbook是“直接宾语”。5、句型五：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语Ifoundthisanswerwrong.

thisanswer是宾语，wrong作宾语补足语，说明前面的宾语。Youcanleavethedooropen.

thedoor是宾语，open作宾语补足语，说明前面的宾语。判断下面句子为哪一种句型1.

Myparentsliveinthecountry.2.

Lilyfollowedherthere.3.

TheysawLilyswimmingtowardsthebank.4.Thereyou'llseealake.5.

JimbroughtmemyEnglishbook.Therebe句型1.今晚不会开会。Thereisn'tgoingtobeameetingtonight.2.这个村庄里只有一口井。Therewasonlyawellinthevillage.

练习：1、这有很多书。_________________________

2、一周有七天。__________________________

练习：1、这有很多书。Therearemanybooks.

2、一周有七天。Therearesevendaysaweek.句子种类：按照句子的用途，英语句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。1.陈述句：陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人看法（包括肯定和否定）的句子。Tomhasanewcar.Theflowerisn'tbeautiful.翻译：他正在弹吉他。___________________________________他没有在弹吉他。___________________________________我们天黑之前可以到那儿。_____________________________________我们不能在天黑之前到那儿。______________________________________翻译：他正在弹吉他。Heisplayingtheguitar.（肯定）他没有在弹吉他。Heisnotplayingtheguitar.（否定）我们天黑之前可以到那儿。Wecangettherebeforedark.（肯定）我们不能在天黑之前到那儿。Wecan'tgettheebeforedark.（否定）(2)如果陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词，否定形式在该实义动词前加don't,doesn't或didn't，同时把该实义动词变为原形。例如：Heplaystheviolinwell.（肯定）Hedoesn'tplaytheviolinwell.（否定）Shewonthegame.（肯定）Shedidn'twinthegame.（否定）(3)否定句和疑问句中some要变为any。例如：Thereissomewaterinthecup.→Thereisnotanywaterinthecup.Hehassomebooks.→Hehasnotanybooks.(4)除not以外，否定词no,never,nothing,nobody,few等也可构成否定句。例如：Thereissomethingwrongwithhisbike.→Thereisnothingwrongwithhisbike.Ihaveseenthefilm.→Ihaveneverseenthefilm.句型转换1.Thegirlissingingintheclassroom.(改为否定句）__________________________________________2.Ihaveadeskandachair.(用He做主语改写句子)___________________________________________句型转换1.Thegirlissingingintheclassroom.(改为否定句）

Thegirlisnotsingingintheclassroom.2.Ihaveadeskandachair.(用He做主语改写句子)Hehasadeskandachair.3.Sheisbuyingsomefoodinthesupermarket.(改为否定句)________________________________4.Thewaiterandthewaitressplaytabletenniseveryday.(改为否定句)________________________________3.Sheisbuyingsomefoodinthesupermarket.(改为否定句)Sheisnotbuyingsomefoodinthesupermarket.4.Thewaiterandthewaitressplaytabletenniseveryday.(改为否定句)Thewaiterandthewaitressdon'tplaytabletenniseveryday.5.HedoeswellinMaths.(改为否定句)__________________________6.Don'tgoalongthisstreet.(改为肯定句)____________________________5.HedoeswellinMaths.(改为否定句)Hedoesn'tsowellinMaths.6.Don'tgoalongthisstreet.(改为肯定句)Goalongthisstreet.(二.祈使句的构成形式及基本用法祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议、号召等的句子，谓语动词用原形。（1）祈使句主语常省略，但要特别强调对方或表达某种强烈的情绪时可以有主语.

如：

Bequiet.

（2）“Do+祈使句”表示一种强烈的感情或请求，do起强调作用。

Docomebackatonce!Dobecareful.（3）please用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气，但please用在句末时，必须用逗号与其余部分分开。

Openthewindow,please.（4）Let引导祈使句时，后面需跟上人称代词或称呼语。

LetJackwaitaminute.Let'sgotoschool.2.否定祈使句通常以Don't或Never开头。其结构是：“Don't(Never)+动词原形+其他成分”例如：Don'tdothatagain!Neverleavetoday'sworkfortomorrow!Don'tbelatenexttime!选择题1.______meane-mailbeforeyoucometoHangzhou.I'llmeetyouattheairport.A.Sending

B.Tosend

C.Sends

D.Send2.____talkinthereadingroom.A.Don't

B.Not

C.No选择题1.____