2022年中考英语专项：阅读理解（含答案）

中考专项阅读理解命题规律选择型阅读理解通常是4篇常规性文章，其中包括1篇广告图表类文章，以增强试题的多样性和趣味性；文章主要是记叙文和说明文，涉及少量议论文；考察方式主要有：细节理解题、主旨大意题、推理判断题和词义猜测题。知识清单细节理解题解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。提问的特殊疑问词常有：what,who,which,where,how,why,howoften,howlong等。解题方法：圈定选----圈关键词，回原文定位，选答案主旨大意题题目特点：考察归纳概括的能力通常涉及的问题：文章标题（title)、主题（mainidea)、结论（conclusion)和end(结局等）干扰性选项特点：1.干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。2.干扰项可能属从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。3.干扰项可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。正确答案特点：是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。主旨大意题常见提问方式1.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?2.Thepassageismainlyabout_______.3.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat_____.三、推理判断题4.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?5.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?6.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?题目特点：考察学生对文章言外之意的理解做题方法：1.留心特定细节。透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。注意作者的态度和语气。以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。3.推理判断题常见提问方式1.Fromthepassageweknow...2.Thewritersuggeststhat...3.Thewriterprobablyagreesthat...4.What’sthewriter’spurposeofwritingthepassage?5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat...？四、词义猜测题解题方法：同义法常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。反义法如hotandcold,giveandreceive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。释义法对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。情景推断法、代词替代法等真题实战：（2021北京中考）Natureandcultureareoftenseenasoppositeideas.Whatbelongstonaturecannotbetheresultofhumanactivitiesandontheotherhand,culturaldevelopmentisachievedagainstnature.However,thisisnottheonlyopinionontherelationshipbetweennatureandculture.Studiesinthedevelopmentofhumanssuggestthatculture,whethertakenasaneffortagainstnatureoranaturaleffort,ispartofthedevelopmentofthehumanspecies(物种).Severalmodernwriterssawtheprocessofeducationasastruggle(斗争)againsthumannature.Wearebornwithwildnatures,suchaseatingandbehavinginadisorganizedwayoractingselfishly.Educationusescultureasawaytogetusoutofourwidestnatures;itisthankstoculturethatthehumanspeciescouldlearntoadapt(适应),progressandraiseitselfaboveandbeyondotherspecies.Overthepastcenturyandahalf,however,studiesinthehistoryofhumandevelopmenthaveshownthattheformationofcultureispartofthebiologicaladaptation.Consider,forexample,hunting(打猎).Itseemstobeanadaptation,whichallowedhumanstomoveintonewanddifferentareas,openinguptheopportunitytochangelivinghabits.Atthesametime,thedevelopmentofweapons(武器)isrelatedtothatadaptation-fromrocksandstonestoasetofhuntingtools,andfromhuntingtoolstorulesrelatingtotheproperuseofweapons.Huntingalsoseemstoberesponsibleforawholesetofbodilyabilities,suchasbalancingononefoot.Justthinkofhowthisverysimplethingiscloselyrelatedtodance,akeyexpressionofhumanculture.Itisthenclearthatbiologicaldevelopmentandculturaldevelopmentarecloselytied.Thetransmissionofcultureseemstobedirectlyrelatedtowhat’sinourblood.Justassnailscarrytheirshells,sodowebringalongourculture.However,cultureisalsopassedonamongpeopleofthesametimeoramongpeoplebelongingtodifferentpopulations.WecanlearnhowtomakejiaozievenifwewerebornfromRussianparentsinParisjustaswecanlearnhowtospeakEnglishevenifnoneofourfamilyorfriendsspeakthatlanguage.30.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Culturebelongstohumannature.B.Natureteacheshumanshowtoadapt.C.Humansaresupposedtobewellorganized.D.Educationpushesthehumanspeciestoprogress.31.WhydoesthewritertalkabouthuntinginParagraph3?A.Tosuggestsomepossiblewaysofchanginglivinghabits.B.Tostresstheimportanceoftoolsinhumans’struggleforlife.C.Toshowhowculturedevelopsashumansadapttotheenvironment.D.Toexplainwhythereisaneedtocallfortheproperuseofweapons.32.Theword“transmission”inParagraph4probablymeans“________”.A.system B.spread C.start D.spirit33.Whatisthewriter’sopiniononthenature-culturerelationship?A.Cultureandnatureareseparateyetbalanced.B.Culturedependsmuchonnaturetoprogress.C.Natureandculturearedifferentbutconnected.D.Naturefollowstheunwrittenrulessetbyculture.【答案】D（段落大意题31.C（推理判断题）32.B（词义猜测题。）33.C（观点态度题。）（2021天津中考）Therearemanydeserts(沙漠)ontheearth.Andthefollowingaresomefactsyoumayfindinteresting.Whataredesertslike?Desertscanbehotanddryplaces.Rainmaynotfallthereformonthsoryears.Somedesertsaresandyandstony(多石的).Desertscanalsobeverywindyplaces.Thewindcanchangetheshapeofthedeserts.Itmovessandaroundfromplacetoplace.Temperaturesinthedesertcanvaryenormously(非常).Duringthedaytime,thetemperaturemayreach40℃evenintheshade(阴凉处).Atnight,desertscanbecomeverycold.Inwintertheremayevenbeafrost(霜冻)intheearlymorning.LivinginthedesertThecamelissometimescalled“theshipofthedesert”.Itstoresfoodinitshump(驼峰)andcangofordayswithoutwater.Ithaslargefeetwhichhelpitnottofallintothesoftsand.Itslongeyelashes(睫毛)keepoutthesandduringsandstorms.Anoasisisanareaofthedesertwherewatermaybefound.Thewatermaybeinpoolsorundertheground.Peopleandanimalsvisitanoasisforwaterandfood.Plantsgrowatanoasis.Somefarmersareabletogrowcropshere.TheArabianDesertTheArabianDesertliesbetweentheRedSeaandtheArabianGulf.Insomepartsofthedesert,itistoohotforpeopletolive.OilwasdiscoveredunderpartsofthedesertandintheArabianGulf.Thisoilhasmadesomecountriesintheareaveryrich.Muchofthemoneyhasbeenspentbuildingfinecitieswithlovelyparksandlakes,andpeopleliveacomfortablelifethere.36.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribedeserts?A.Hotanddry. B.Sandyandrainy. C.Wetandstony. D.Windyandsnowy.37.Theword“vary”inthepassagemeans“________”.A.below B.behigh C.besimilar D.bedifferent38.Thecamelhaslongeyelashesto________.A.staycoolindeserts B.gofordayswithoutwaterC.helpitnottofallintothesoftsand D.keepoutthesandduringsandstorms39.Accordingtothepassage,peopleandanimalsvisitanoasisfor________.A.frostandcrops B.sandandstones C.waterandfood D.moneyandoil40.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Whatistheweatherlikeindeserts? B.Whatdoyouknowaboutdeserts?C.Howdopeopleliveindeserts? D.WhereistheArabianDesert?【答案】36.A细节理解题。37.D词义猜测题。38.D细节理解题。39.C细节理解题。40.B标题归纳题。（2021浙江杭州中考）Whendochildrenstarttotalk?Ifyouaskagroupofparentswhenthishappened,mostwillsay“aroundtwelvemonthsofage”.Theywillprobablyevenrememberwhatthechildrensaid.Manyparentskeepadiaryoftheirchild’s“firstwords”Wecanneverpredictwhatafirstwordisgoingtobe.Oftenit’sthenamefor“mummy”or“daddy”,butitcouldjustaseasilybethewordforananimalorafavoritetoy.Everythingdependsonwhathasmostcaughtthechild’sattention.Butonethingiscertain:afterthefirstword,otherscomequickly.By18months,mostchildrenhavelearnedabout50words.Bytwo,thetotalhasrisentoaround200.Earlywordsareactuallyone-wordsentences.Oneofthefirstfeatures（特征）oflanguageachildlearnswellistocontroltheriseandfallofthevoicetomakethedifferencebetweenstatingandquestioning.InEnglish,daddywithahighrisingtone（声调）means“isthatdaddy?”Daddywithahighfallingtonemeans“There’sdaddy”.Ofcourse,onlyverybasicmeaningscanbecommunicatedusingtonesalone.Soitsoonbecomesnecessarytolearnsomegrammar.InEnglish,grammarmeanslearningtoputwordsindifferentorders.Childrenhavetoseethatmummypushisdifferentfrompushmummy.Theystartpractisingsuchchangesataround18months.Bytwo,theyhavelearnedthebasicpatternsofwordorder,andwehearthemsayingsuchthingsasmankickballandwheredaddygo.Whataretheparentsdoingallhistime?They’reactingasteachersandtheyalwayshaveanactiveroletoplayintheirchild’slanguagelearning.12.Howoldaremostchildrenwhentheyhavelearnedabout50words?A.About6monthsold. B.Aboutoneyearold.C.About18monthsold. D.Abouttwoyears]old.13.WhichmightanEnglishchildsayfirstwhenlearningtotalk?A.Mummy. B.Pushmummy. C.Mankickball. D.Wheredaddygo.14.What’sParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Wordorder. B.Wordtones. C.Thefirstwords. D.Correctingwords.15.Whoismostresponsibleforachild’searlylanguagelearning?A.Teachers. B.Parents. C.Friends. D.Grandparents.【答案】12.C细节理解题。13.A细节理解题。14.A主旨大意题。15.B细节理解题（2021四川眉山中考）Anelephantwasstandingandpickingleavesfromatree.Asmallflycame,flyingandbuzzingnearhisear.Theelephantwaveditawaywithhislongears.Thentheflycameagainandtheelephantwaveditawayoncemore.Thishappenedseveraltimes.Thentheelephantaskedthefly,“Whyareyousorestlessandnoisy?Whycan’tyoujuststayinoneplace?”Theflyanswered,“IaminterestedinwhateverIsee,hearorsmell.Myfivesenses,andeverythingthathappensaroundme,pullmehereandthereandIcannotresist(抵抗)them.Whatisyoursecret?Howcanyoustaysocalmandstill?”Theelephantstoppedeatingandsaid,“Myfivesensesdonotruleme.Iamincontrolofmyself—mysensesdonottellmewhattodo.ThishelpsmestayfocusedonwhateverIdo,andso,keepmymindcalmandstill.NowthatIameating,Iamcompletelyenjoyingeating.Inthisway,Icanjustfocusonenjoyingmyfood.”Afterhearingthesewords,thefly’seyesopenedwideandasmileappearedonhisface.Helookedattheelephantandsaid,“Iunderstand!IwillalwaysberestlessifIletmysensescontrolme.Ontheotherhand,ifItrytouseso