2022年英语中考语法专题-句子成分

句子成分和简单句的五种基本句型1.句子的成分构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。句子成分意义充当词类例句主语表示句子说的是“什么人”或“什么事”名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子WestudyinHuangqiaoMiddleSchool.谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”动词或动词词组Sheisdancingunderthetree.宾语表示动作、行为的对象同主语BothofuslikeEnglish.表语与系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特征同主语Herfatherisachemist.Hiswordssoundreasonable.定语用来修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名,副，介词短语或句子Wehaveeightlessonseveryday.状语修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等副词，介词短语或句子Heworksveryhard.TheyheldapartyinHollywood.宾语补足语逻辑上与宾语是“主谓关系”形容词，名词，介词短语等Shealwayskeepsthehouseclean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！英语句子成分基础练习.划出下列句中主语的中心词①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.(二).选出句中谓语的中心词()①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.

A.don't

B.like

C.picture

D.wall()②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.

A.get

B.longer

C.days

D.summer()③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?

A.Do

B.usually

C.go

D.bus()④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.

A.willbe

B.meeting

C.thelibrary

D.afternoon()⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.Did

B.twins

C.have

D.breakfast()⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.

A.Tom

B.didn't

C.do

D.hishomework()⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.

A.want

B.totell

C.you

D.is()⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.

A.We

B.had

C.send

D.doctor()⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.

A.is

B.interested

C.in

D.music()⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?A.give

B.did

C.whom

D.book(三)挑出下列句中的宾语()①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.A

B

C

D()②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.

A

B

C

D()③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.A

B

C

D()④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?A

B

C

D()⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?

A

B

C

D()⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.A

B

C

D()⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.A

B

C

D()⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.A

B

C

D()⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.A

B

C

D()⑩Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.A

B

C

D挑出下列句中的表语()①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.

A

B

C

D()②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?A

B

C

D()③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.A

B

C

D()④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.A

B

C

D()⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.A

B

C

D(五)挑出下列句中的定语()①TheyuseMr.Mrs.withthefamilyname.

A

B

C

D()②Whatisyourgivenname?A

B

C

D()③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.A

B

C

D()④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.A

B

C

D()⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.A

B

C

D()⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!A

B

C

D挑出下列句中的宾语补足语()①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.

A

B

C

D()②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.A

B

C

D()③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.A

B

C

D()④TheycallmeLilysometimes.

A

B

C

D()⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.A

B

C

D()⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?

A

B

C

D(七)挑出下列句中的状语()①Therewasabigsmileonherface.A

B

C

D()②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.

A

B

C

D()③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.A

B

C

D()④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtofast.A

B

C

D()⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.

A

B

C

D()⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.A

B

C

D()⑦Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.A

B

C

D()⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.A

B

C

D划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?答案(一)①teacher②man③dictionary

④Todo(二)①B②A

③C④A

⑤C

⑥C⑦D

⑧C⑨A⑩A

(三)①homework.②English.③attention

④

words

⑤togoswimming⑥hewasill.⑦himmonitor

⑧bridge

museum⑨itschool.

⑩who"FatherChristmas"reallyis.(四)①tired.

②worried

③yellow.

④interested

⑤thefirst(五)①family

②given③third

④some

⑤downstairs

⑥oftheothershoe!(六)①toreadnewspapersandbooks

②totaketheboy

③difficult

④Lily

⑤getonthebus

⑥playingfootball(七)①onherface.

②Everynight

③whenhewaseleven.

④toofast.

⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm

⑥becauseshelovesbooks.

⑦ifyou’velostit

⑧toseetheothermachine.(八)①us,间接宾语

astory,直接宾语②me,间接宾语anewbike,直接宾语③us,间接宾语history,直接宾语④Tom,间接宾语it,直接宾语⑤me,间接宾语message,直接宾语2.简单句的五种基本句型谓语动词联系动词主+谓语动词（系动词）+表语Heisateacher.

行为动词不及物动词主语+谓语TheSunrisesintheeast.太阳从东边升起。及物动词主语+谓语+宾语Heboughtapen.他买了一只笔主语+谓语+间宾（人）+直宾（物）（双宾语）Mymothertoldastory.妈妈给我讲了一个故事主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语Wewillmakeourcountryproud.我们要让我们的祖国为我们感到骄傲。基本句型一：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be,look,keep,seem等属一类，表示情况；get,grow,become,turn等属另一类，表示变化。be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词：lookwell/面色好,soundnice/听起来不错,feelgood/感觉好，smellbad/难闻常见的系动词有:befeel(感觉）,sound（听起来）,look（看起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）,smell（闻起来）keep,stay,remain（保持，仍是）get,become,turn,go（变成）feel（感觉/触摸）seem(似乎,好像)appear(似乎，好像)prove(证明)一“是”一“明”两“似乎”，三“保”四“变”五“起来”。【小试牛刀】一切看来都不同了。Everything____________________.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。Springcomes,itis________________________________________.我们在任何时候都应该保持冷静(calm)。Weshould____________________anytime.这种食物尝起来很糟糕(horrible)。Thiskindoffood____________________.不要吃那种食物，它已经变质了。Don’thavethefood,ithas____________________.这个事实证明是正确的。Thefact____________________.基本句型二：Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。【小试牛刀】昨晚雨下得很大。It____________________lastnight.学生们应该努力学习。Studentsshould____________________.我的表停了。Mywatch____________________.昨天他到了。Yesterdayhe__________.事故是昨天晚上发生的。Theaccident__________lastnight.基本句型三：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’，如：me，him，them等【小试牛刀】谁知道答案？_____________________________________.他喜欢看书。_____________________________________.我昨天看了一部电影。_____________________________________.4.他不知道说什么好。_____________________________________.5.我能说一点英语。_____________________________________.6.这些孩子被照看得很好。(takegoodcareof)_____________________________________.基本句型四：Ｓ+Ｖ+DO+IＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。一般的顺序为：动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。如：Givemeacupoftea,please.有时，间接宾语也可改为由介词to或for引起的短语，放在直接宾语的后面。如：Shepassedhimthesalt.＝Shepassedthesalttohim.她把盐递给了他。Heruncleboughtherabookyesterday.＝Heruncleboughtabookforheryesterday.昨天，她叔叔给她买了一本书。加to的动词主要有：give/pass/lend/sell/send/show/teach/tell/bring/take/leave/write/throw/offer...加for的动词主要有：make/buy/do/get/order/cook/sing/find...【小试牛刀】我给他看我的照片。_______________________________________._______________________________________.昨天他的爸爸给他买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。Yesterdayhisfather____________________________________asabirthdaypresent.Canyoulendmesomemoney?=Canyou________________________________________?I’llofferyouagoodchanceaslongasyoudon’tloseheart.=I’lloffer______________