北师大版高中英语选修六第9讲：Unit18-Beauty-语法篇(学生版)

Unit18Beauty语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________掌握并区分usedto与would的区别和用法。掌握限定词的区别和用法。一.usedto和would1.usedto的用法usedto意为“过去常常”，其中to是动词不定式符号，后面接动词原形，表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作但现在已经结束，只能用于一般过去时，含有较强的“今昔对比”的意味。Iusedtoenjoygardening,butIdon’thavetimeforitnow.我过去喜爱园艺，但现在没时间弄了。误区警示：=1\*GB3①在疑问句中或否定句中，可以有两种形式。Usedyoutogotothesameschool?=Didyouusetogotothesameschool?你们曾经就读同一所学校吗？Heusedn'ttosmoke.=Hedidn'tusetosmoke.他过去不经常抽烟。=2\*GB3②在反意疑问句和简略答语中也有两种形式。Johnusedtobeapoliceman,didn'the?=Johnusedtobeapoliceman,usedn'the?约翰过去是名警察，是吗？---UsedyoutogotoschoolinAustralia?你曾经在澳大利亚上过学吗？---Yes,Idid./Yes,Iusedto.是的，我上过。2.would的用法=1\*GB3①would是will的过去式，表示过去的“意志、意愿”，可用于多种人称。Theysaidthattheywouldhelpus.他们说他们愿意帮助我们。IpromisedthatIwoulddomybest.我答应我会尽我所能。=2\*GB3②would指的是现在的时间时，表示说话人的意愿或向对方提出请求，语气比will委婉，也可表示委婉地提出看法、请求、建议等。Iwouldliketohaveatry.我想试一试。Wouldyoulikemetocarryitforyou?我帮你拿好吗？I'mafraidthejourneywouldbetooexpensive.我恐怕这次旅行的费用太高了。=3\*GB3③表示过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。OnSundayshewouldcomeandworkwithusthosedays.那些日子每到星期日他总会来和我们一起劳动。Onsummereveningstheywouldsitoutinthegarden.夏天的晚上他们经常坐在外面的花园里。=4\*GB3④用在虚拟语气中。Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhaveseenhim.如果你早来一点儿，你就能见到他。3.usedto与would的用法比较=1\*GB3①相同点：两者都表示过去习惯性或经常性的动作或行为，常可换用。Whenwewerechildren,weusedto/wouldgoskatingeverywinter.我们小时候每年冬天都去滑冰。=2\*GB3②不同点：a.would主要表示与过去另一段时间相比，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，意为“总要，总是”；usedto主要表示与现在的时间相比，意为“过去常常”。Hewouldcometomewhenhewasintrouble.他有困难时总是来找我。Iusedtogetupearly.我以前经常早起。（现在不早起了）b.usedto还可与状态动词连用，表示过去的状态，而would则不可以。Sheusedtobeaquietgirl.她以前是个文静的女孩。不可以说：Shewouldbeaquietgirl.c.would表示过去反复的动作，如果某一动作没有反复性，只能用usedto。Hewassobusythathewouldworkintothenight.（具有反复性）他过去很忙，以至于总是工作到深夜。IusedtoliveinBeijing.（没有反复性）我过去住在北京。二.限定词概念和功能种类例词和例句限定词用于名词的前面,限定名词所指的范围,表示该名词是特指还是泛指,是定量还是不定量冠词a,an,the形容词性指示代词this,that,these,those形容词性物主代词my,your,our,his,her,their,its形容词性不定代词both,every,much,some,any,afew,alotof数词one,two...first,second...one-third,three-fifths...特指形容词next,only...只能限定单数可数名词的限定词another,each,neither,either,thewhole,every,a/an,one...Ispentthewholemorninglisteningtoamusicaltoday.今天整个早上我都在听一部音乐剧。只能限定复数可数名词的限定词both,(a)few,many,several,these,those,acoupleof,anumberof...TheseteapotsaremadeinWuxi.这些茶壶产于无锡。只能限定不可数名词的限定词much,(a)little,agreatdealof,alargeamountof...Ihavemuchpleasureindeclaringthatthenewfactoryopens.我很高兴宣布新工厂开业。既可限定不可数名词,又可限定单数可数名词和复数可数名词的限定词any,half,my,your,our...no,therestof,thesame,some,such,what,which,whose,the...IhavebeendoingthesamethingsallthetimesinceIleftschool.自从毕业到现在,我老是在做同样的事情。既可限定不可数名词,又可限定复数可数名词的限定词enough,more,most,plentyof,aquantityof,alotof,lotsof,less...Heateasmallquantityofricesothathecouldgetslim.他吃了少量的米饭,以便能够瘦身。既可限定单数可数名词,又可限定复数可数名词的限定词next,last,theother,first,second...Wespentthelastdaysofourholiday.我们度过了假期的最后几天。1.冠词的用法冠词分为定冠词the和不定冠词a/an两类。定冠词表特指，不定冠词表泛指。=1\*GB3①第一次提到某事；提到某个特定的人或物无关紧要，如将该人或该物作为u去哪里或类别的例子时用a或an。例如：Thereisanewshopassistantinthebakery.面包店有一个新的店员。CanIhaveanorange?我可以要一个橘子吗？=2\*GB3②当对方确切地知道并能够比较容易地辨认所提到的人或物时用the。例如：Let'shavebreakfastoutsideinthegarden.我们到外面的花园里吃早餐吧。=3\*GB3③以下是一些冠词的习惯搭配：a.习惯用定冠词的情况atthebeginning/endof...在......的开头/末尾inthemiddleof...在......的中间ontheright/left在右边/左边inthedark在暗处inthesun在阳光下inthedistance在远处attheageof...在......岁时atthesametime同时inthe1990's/1990s在20世纪90年代atthepresenttime在目前tellthetruth说实话ontheair正在广播中b.习惯用不定冠词的情况afew一些，少量agreatdeal大量，许多foratime暂时，一度onceinawhile偶尔allofasudden突然asaresult因此inahurry急匆匆地inasense从某种意义上说dosb.afavor帮某人一个忙getinaword插话makealiving谋生payavisit拜访2.some,any,no作定语的用法=1\*GB3①some,any,no都可用作定语，some和any表示“一些”，no（=notany/nota）表示“没有”。Asksomeboystohelpyou.找些男孩来帮助你。Arethereanycowsinthefield?田野里有些奶牛吗？Wilsonhasnocar.威尔逊没有小汽车。Pleasebringsomecoffeeandcream.请带来一些咖啡和奶油。Haven'tyouhadanyworktodo?你难道没有什么工作可做吗？Therewon'tbeanytrouble.不会有麻烦。=2\*GB3②any可表示“任何（一个）”。Comeanydayyoulike.你想哪天来都行。Wedidtheworkwithoutanydifficulty.我们做这项工作没有任何困难。=3\*GB3③no可表示“没有任何”。Hemadenocomment.他未作任何评论。3.限定词的用法比较=1\*GB3①many与much的用法比较many与much表示“许多”，多用在疑问句或否定句中，也可用在肯定句中修饰主语，还可和too,so等词一起用。many修饰可数名词复数，much修饰不可数名词。DoyouknowmanypeopleinLondon?在伦敦你认识许多人吗？Therearetoomanymistakesinyourexercises.你的练习里错误太多。Ineversawsomanyswansonthelake.我从未看见过湖上有这么多天鹅。I'vegottoomuchworktodo.我要做的工作太多了。Howmuchrentdoyoupay?你付多少房租？TheEnglishdonotdrinkmuchwine.英国人不喝很多酒。=2\*GB3②few,afew,little与alittle的用法比较few,little表示否定意义，意为“几乎没有，很少”；afew,alittle表示肯定意义，意为“有些，有几个”；few,afew修饰可数名词；little,alittle修饰不可数名词。Therearefewpeopleinthestreet.街上人很少。Hehasfewfriends.他几乎没有朋友。CouldIhaveafewwordswithyou?我能和你说几句话吗？Hehasafewgreyhairs.他有几根白头发。Hecangetlittlehelpfromthem.他不能从他们哪里得到什么帮助。Shehasalittlecold.她有点儿感冒。Shehadalittleconversationwithme.她和我谈了一会儿话。=3\*GB3③all与each的用法比较all表示“所有得，整个”；each表示“每一个”。AllroadsleadtoRome.（谚）条条大路通罗马。Allthechildrenthereareunderseven.那里所有得孩子都不到7岁。Hegoestoseehereachafternoon.他每天下午都去看她。Eachboygetsaprize.每个男孩都得到了一份奖品。=4\*GB3④both与either的用法比较both指“两者都”；either指“两者中的任何一个”。Thatisthetroublewithbothhischildren.他的两个孩子都有那个问题。Youmaygobyeitherroad.你走（两条路中）哪条路都行。=5\*GB3⑤other与another的用法比较other表示“另外的，别的，其他的”；another表示“另一（个），有一（个），再”。Thereareotherwaysofdoingtheseexercises.还有别的办法来做这些练习。Haveyougotanyotherbook(s)onthissubject?你有关于这个题目的其他书吗？Sheispaintinganotherportrait.她在画另一幅人物画像。Thereisanotherwayoflookingatthequestion.还有另外一种办法来看待这个问题。学法点拨：another还可以和某些数词一起用，表示“还，再”的美好。I'vegotanotherthreeminutes.我还有3分钟。Thestrikemaylastanothersixweeks.罢工可能还要持续6个星期。4.与数量有关的词用作限定词与数量有关的词大体上可包含这些词：=1\*GB3①许多和数量有关的代词和限定词，如some,many,much,few等。=2\*GB3②各种数词，如two,athird等。=3\*GB3③名词与of构成的表数量的短语，如plentyof,anumberof,anamountof等。=4\*GB3④某些与数量有关的形容词，如several,enough,whole,half等。=5\*GB3⑤某些与数量有关的名词，如foot,mile,year,dozen等。=6\*GB3⑥某些与数量有关的合成词，如five-dollar,three-leg等。=7\*GB3⑦某些词组的所有格，如ninemonths'...,twoweeks'...等。例1.（2013新课标全国高考=1\*ROMANI）Thedoor____open,nomatterhowhardshepushed.A.shouldn'tB.couldn'tC.wouldn'tD.mightn't例2.（2014山东高考）Theymadeuptheirmindthatthey_____anewhouseoneLarrychangedjobs.A.boughtB.wouldbuyC.haveboughtD.hadbought例3.（2014四川高考）Istillremembermyhappychildhoodwhenmymother____takemetoDisneylandatweekends.mightmustwouldshould例4.（2014浙江高考）Thepaperisduenextmonth,andIamworkingsevendays____week,oftenlonginto____night.a;thethe;不填a;a不填;the例5.（2014天津高考）Lifeislike____ocean:Only____strong-willedcanreachtheothershore.A.an;theB.the;aC.the;/D./;a基础演练一.用would或usedto填空。1.Aftertheaccident,wearemoreconcernedwiththesafetyofschoolbusesthanwe______be.2.We______seeeachotherregularly,butIhaven'theardfromhimsincelastyear.3.Inthosedays,afterdaybreaktheoldwoman______sitatthegateforhours,waitingforhersontoreturnfromthefront.4.He______gototheparkassoonashewasfree.5.There______beacoffeeshophereandmyuncle______gotothecoffeeshopaccompaniedbyhiswifeafterworkeveryday.二.单项选择。1.Welostourwayinthatsmallvillage,otherwisewe______moreplacesofinterestyesterday.A.visited B.hadvisited C.wouldvisit D.wouldhavevisited2.IfhehadspentmoretimepracticingspeakingEnglishbefore,he______abletospeakitmuchbetter.A.willbe B.wouldbe C.hasbeen D.wouldhavebeen3.Dayslater,mybrothercalledtosayhewasallright,but______saywherehewas.A.mustn't B.shouldn't C.wouldn't D.mightn't4.There______alotoflocalminesinthesouth,butmanyofthemhavebeenclosedoraretobeclosed.A.useto B.usedtobe C.usedtohave D.would5.---Yourdaughterisreallyoutgoing.---She______beveryshy.Wheneverastrangercametoourhouse,she______hideinacloset.A.oughtto;must B.can;might C.usedto;would D.should;might6.Hedoesn'thave______furnitureinhisroom---justanolddesk.A.any B.many C.some D.much7.（2014陕西高考）______villagewhereIwasbornhasgrowninto______town.A.The;a B.A;the C.The;the D.A;a8.（2014江西高考）TheychoseTomtobe______captainoftheteambecausetheyknewhewas______smartleader.A.a;the B.the;the C.the;a D.a;a9.---Wouldyouliketogoandwatchabasketballmatchthisweekendwithus?---I'msorry,butI'vegot______plans.A.other B.another C.some D.more10.Themedicineisonsaleeverywhere.Youcangetitat______chemist's.A.each B.some C.certain D.any巩固提高一.填空。冠词填空：1.Hemissed______goldinthehighjump,butwillget______secondchanceinthelongjump.2.Beingabletoafford______drinkwouldbe______comfortinthosetoughtimes.选词填空(either/neither/none)：3.LarryasksBillandPetertogoonapicnicwithhim,but______ofthemwantsto,becausetheyhaveworktodo.4.Mybrotherwouldliketobuyagoodwatchbut______wasavailableinthatshop.5.Therearetwoapplesonthetable.Oneisforyou,theotherisforyoursister.Youcantake______ofthem.二.单项选择。1.（2014安徽高考）Peoplearerecyclingmanythingswhichthey_____awayinthepast.A.hadthrown B.willbethrowing C.werethrowing D.wouldhavethrown2.Mydaughter______likechocolates,butnowshelikesfruits.A.usedto B.would C.could D.might3.InLondon,afterdinnerI______dosomewalking.A.usedto B.could C.would D.might4."I______doanythingforourcountry,"saidthesoldier.A.can B.could C.usedto D.would5.Lifehereismucheasierthanit______.A.usedto B.usedtobe C.wouldbe D.wouldtobe6.（2014重庆高考）Ican'ttellyou______waytotheWilsons'becausewedon'thave______Wilsonhereinthevillage.A.the;a B.a;/ C.a;the D.the;/7.Samhasbeenappointed______manageroftheengineeringdepartmenttotake______placeofGeorge.A./;/ B.the;/ C.the;the D./;the8.I'velivedinNewYorkandChicago,butdon'tlike______ofthemverymuch.A.either B.any C.each D.another9.It'saneither-orsituation---wecanbuyanewcarthisyearorwecangoonaholidaybutwecan'tdo______.A.others B.either C.another D.both10.---Wouldyoulike______,sir?---No,thanks.Ihavehadmuch.A.somemoreoranges B.anymoreorangesC.somemoreorange D.anymoreorange一.单项选择。1.---IweighlessthanI________.---Congratulations!A.gotusedto B.usedtobe C.usedto D.wasusedto2.Inmyopinion,lifeinthetwenty-firstcenturyismucheasierthan_______.A.thatusedtobe B.itisusedtobe C.itwasusedtobe D.itusedtobe3.Whenmyauntwasthere,she________gotothecoffeeshopatthestreetcornerafterworkeveryday.A.could B.would C.might D.hadbetter4.Wearesaidtobelivingin_______InformationAge,_______timeofnewdiscoveriesandgreatchanges.A.an;the B./;the C./;a D.the;a5.Beingabletoafford_______drinkwouldbe_______comfortinthosetoughtimes.A.the;the B.a;a C.a;/ D./;a6.Dayslater,mybrothercalledtosayhewasallright,but_______saywherehewas.A.mustn't B.shouldn't C.wouldn't D.mightn't7.Thisareaexperienced_______heaviestrainfallin_______monthofMay.A./;a B.a;the C.the;the D.the;a8.Youmaydropinorjustgivemeacall._______willdo.A.Either B.Each C.Neither D.All9.---Wouldyougetmeabarofchocolatefromthekitchen,sir?---_______one?A.Other B.Another C.Every D.More10.Theparentswereshockedby_______newsthattheirsonneeded_______operationonhisknee.A.a;/ B.the;/ C.a;an D.the;an11.Theydon'tcometothebookclubanymore,for_______reasonsorother.A.some B.all C.either D.both12.I'llspendhalfofmyholidaypracticingEnglishand_______halflearningdrawing.A.another B.theother C.other's D.other13.Apartfromthebloodthatbelongedtothethreepeople,thedetectivesfoundonly_______clue.A.oneother B.oneanother C.otheron D.anotherone14.Fourand_______halfhoursofdiscussiontookusuptomidnight,and_______breakforcheese,chocolateandteawithsugar.A.a;a B.the;the C./;the D.a;/15.Peopledevelop_______preferenceforaparticularstyleoflearningat_______earlyageandthesepreferencesaffectlearning.A.a;an B.a;/ C./;the D.the;an__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一.根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。AAlthoughmanyChinesestudentssaythattheirknowledgeofEnglishgrammarisgood,mostwouldadmitthattheirspokenEnglishispoor.WheneverIspeaktoaChinesestudent,theyalwayssay,“MyspokenEnglishispoor.”1.IwouldliketosuggestthattheremaybesomereasonsfortheirproblemswithspokenEnglish.First,theyfailtofindsuitablewordstoexpressthemselvesduetoalimitedvocabulary.2.However,youcanspeakwithalimitedvocabulary,ifyouchooseapositiveattitude.Otherswillfollowyouaslongasyouusethewordsthatyouknow.3.Sometimestheymakemistakeswhentheyarespeakingbecausetheyareshyandnervous.YetstudentsshouldrememberthattheirgoalshouldbeFLUENCYNOTACCURACY.Youraiminwritingistobeaccuratefollowingtherulesforgrammarandusingtherightwordsandspellingthemcorrectly.However,inspeakingyouraimisfluency.Youwanttogetyourmessageacross,totalktosomeoneinEnglish,asquicklyandaswellasyoucan,eventhoughsometimesyoumayuseawrongwordortense,butitdoesn’tmatter.4.Thethirdreasonisthatnotenoughattentionispaidtolistening.Youhaveonemouthbuttwoears!Allthathearingisnecessaryforyoutostartspeaking.Fourth,mostChinesestudentsarereactiveratherthanproactive(主动的)languagelearners.InsteadofactivelyseekingoutopportunitiestoimprovetheirspokenEnglishtheypassivelywaitforspeakingopportunitiestocometothemandwonderwhytheirEnglishalwaysremainspoor.5.A.Thepersonyouarespeakingtowillunderstandyouandmakeallowancesforanymistakeshehears.B.Theymaytrytoavoidmakingsimilarmistakesnexttime.C.Obviouslythebetteransweristoexpandtheirvocabulary.D.Ifyouhavethisproactiveoutlook,thenyouwillseeEnglishopportunitieswhereveryougo.E.However,theirspokenEnglishdoesnothavetoremain“poor”!F.Second,theyareafraidofmakingmistakes.G.Thesecondreasonliesinthereluctanceofusingwhathasjustbeenlearned.BCanyouimagineyourparentschoosingyourhusbandorwifeforyou?Andcanyouimaginenotsettingeyesonhimorheruntilyourweddingday?ThissituationiscommoninIndia,theMiddleEastandmanypartsofAfrica.6.Wedon'trealizethatpeopleinotherplacesoftengetmarriedinverydifferentways---andwithdifferentmotives（动机）.7.Amarriageprovidesasafeandstablehomeforthehusbandandwife.Italsojoinstwofamilies,whichbenefitsthecouple'sparentsandmakesthemhappy.Marriagealsobringschildren,makingsurethecouplewillbetakencareofinoldage.Becauseamarriageisimportantforthewholefamily,someculturesdon'tletyoungpeoplechoosewhomtomarry.Justastherearemanydifferentreasonsformarriage,therearealsomanydifferentweddingrituals（仪式）.8.InatypicalWesternwedding,thebrideseeksgoodluckbywearing"somethingold,somethingnew,somethingborrowedandsomethingblue."Somethingoldrepresentsthepast.Somethingnewrepresentssuccessinthefuture.Somethingborrowedremindsthebrideshecangethelpfromherfriendsandfamily.9.InPoland,oneweddingtraditionisnotonlylucky,butalsoverypractical.Theweddingguestspinmoneytothebride'sdresswhilesheisdancing.Themoneyismeanttobringluckandtohelptheyoungcouplebuild