北师大版高中英语选修八第6讲：Unit23-Conflict-语法篇(教师版)

Unit23Conflict语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1、将来完成时2、过去完成时3、现在完成进行时4、现在分词的完成式5、情态动词+havedone将来完成时构成：shall/will+have+done(shall用于第一人称)用法：表示在将来某一时刻已经发生的动作，它常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如“by+将来时间”等，也可以与when或bythetime引导的一般现在时态的从句连用。例：Whentheyarrivetomorrowafternoon,Iwillhavealreadyleft.Bythetimeyougethome,Iwillhavecleanedthehousefromtoptobottom.过去完成时构成：haddone用法：表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间常用by,before等引导的介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示，也可以暗含在语境中。例：LilyhadlearnedsomeEnglishbeforeshecametoLondon.Theplayhadalreadystartedwhenwegottothetheatre.BytheendofJunetheyhadtreatedover10,000patients.现在完成进行时构成：have/hasbeendoing用法：表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作，可能刚停止，也可能继续进行。例：Ihavebeenstayingwithmyfamilyonthecoast.HehasbeenlearningEnglishfor6years.温馨提示：现在完成时：强调动作开始于过去，并持续到现在或过去的动作对现在产生影响。现在完成进行时：强调动作的持续性，需使用延续性动词。例：Ihavebrokenateapot.Ihavebeenpracticingthepiano.现在分词的完成式构成：havingdone用法：havingdone表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。现在分词的完成式主要用作状语，表示时间，原因等。=1\*GB3①表示时间：Havingnoteddownournamesandaddresses,thepolicemandismissedus.=2\*GB3②表示原因：Havingbeenthereonce,sheknewtheplacequitewell.现在分词一般式与完成式的区别“现在分词一般式所表示的动词先于谓语动词发生，但两者之间没有时间间隔；而现在分词的完成式所表示的先于谓语的动作则与谓语的动作有时间间隔。例：Lockingthedoor,shewentout.Havinglosthisjob,hebegantointeresthimselfinlocalvoluntarywork.延续性动词的现在分词一般式往往表示动作在发生过程中谓语动词动作发生，而当现在分词动作在谓语动作前发生且持续一段时间时，必须用现在分词的完成式。例：Havingbeenhisownbossforsuchalongtime,hefoundithardtoacceptordersfromothers.Searchingtheroom,hefoundawallet.情态动词+havedone情态动词can/could(not),may/might(not)和must与havedone连用，表示对过去事情的推测。Hemay/mightnothaveknownaboutit.情态动词could(not),should(not)与havedone连用，翻译为“本…”.Youshouldhavefacedthedifficultytogether,butwhydidn’tyoutellme?例1.—Tommyisplanningtobuyacar.—Iknow.Bynexttimemonth,he_____enoughforausedone.saves B.saved C.willsave D.willhavesaved解析：句意：—Tommy正计划着买一辆车。—我知道。到下个月，他将攒够足够的钱买一辆二手车。由bynextmonth可知用将来完成时。答案：D。例2.—DidyouhavedifficultyfindingAnn’shouse?—Notreally.She_____uscleardirectionsandwewereabletofinditeasily.wastogive B.hadgiven C.wasgiving D.wouldgive解析：句意：—你们找到Ann的家有困难吗？—没什么困难。她已经给了我们清晰的指示，我们能很容易找到。本题考查动词时态。动词give的动作发生在”wereabletofind”之前，符合过去完成时表示“过去的过去“的用法。故选B项。答案：B。 例3.We_____forover2hours.Areyousurethisistherightway?Havebeendriving B.weredriving C.haddriven D.drove解析：句意：我们已经开了两个多小时了，你确定这条路对吗？本题考查动词的时态。根据题干可知到目前为止我们一直在开始，所以用现在完成进行时。答案：A。例4._____thepastyearasanexchangestudentinHONGKong,Lindaappearsmorematurethanthoseofherage.Spending B.Spent C.Havingspent D.Tospend解析：句意：作为一名交换生在香港度过一年后，Linda看起来比同龄人更成熟。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。分析题干可知，非谓语动词与其逻辑主语Linda之间为主动关系，所以排除B项；非谓语动词所表达的动作发生在句子谓语appears之前，所以用完成式，排除A项和D项，故答案为C项。答案：C。例5.（2015北京101中学高三测试）—WhatdoyouthinkoftheDidiDacheapps,Maria?—Theyarehandyforme.I_____privatecarsusingtheappsforhalfayear.havebeenhiring B.hired C.hadhired D.hire解析：句意为：Maria,你觉得“滴滴打车”这款手机应用怎么样？对我来说是方便的。我用这款使用现在完成进行时，表示“租用”这个动作从过去一直持续到现在而且还在进行。故答案选A。答案：A。基础演练一，根据句意，用括号内的词的正确形式填空。—TheChinesegovernmentistryingtoprotectthegiantpanda.—Iknow.By2020,they__________(add)about69.500squaremilesoflandtothecountry’snaturereservesystem.2.JustasIgottotheschoolgate,IrealizedI___________(leave)mybookinthecafé.3.Themanager___________(tell)theworkershowtoimprovetheprogramsince9am.4.___________(work)fortwodays,Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.Keys：1.willhaveadded 2.hadleft3.hasbeentelling 4.havingworked 巩固提高单项选择。Peoplearerecyclingmanythingswhichthey_____awayinthepast.hadthrown B.willbethrowing C.werethrowing D.wouldhavethrown2.They_____havearrivedatlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.A.will B.can C.must D.should3.It_____bethepostmanatthedoor.It’sonlysixo’clock.A.mustn’t B.can’t C.won’t D.needn’t4.（2015北京朝阳高三二模）_____allmymoneyonthecar,Ican’taffordaholidaywithmyfriendthissummer.Spending B.Spend C.Tospend D.Havingspent5.（2015北京房山高三二模）—Tony,yourhandsaresodirty!Whathappened?—I_____thisroomalltheafternoon.hadprinted B.havebeenpainting C.willpaint D.painted6.（2015北京丰台高三一模）Sam’sbakery_____apartnershipwithalocalcoffeecompany.Nowtheyservegreatcoffee.A.hasformed B.wouldform C.isforming D.willform7.（2015北京东城高三二模）—Mum,where’smypackedlunch?—Inthekitchen.I_____youtwosandwiches.make B.ammaking C.havemade D.willmake8.Theirfatheraswellashisthreechildren_____skatingonthefrozenrivereverySundayafternoon.A.isgoing B.go C.goes D.aregoing9.—IsBobstillperforming?—I’mafraidnot.Heissaid_____thegatealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.tohaveleft B.toleave C.tohavebeenleft D.tobeleft10.Theinternationalagreement,_____encouragechildrennottosmokeandhelppeoplekickthehabit,wassignedonFebruary27.A.intendingto B.beingintendedto C.intendedto D.tointendto11.MyfatherrecommendedthatI_____myofficer.A.didn’tdisobey B.nottodisobey C.notdisobey D.mustn’tdisobeyKeys：1-11DDBDBACCACC单项选择。1.Asacouple,theSmithscanalwaysmakethe_____decisiontoworkouttheirproblems.A.conventional B.courageous C.conscious D.compulsory2.Anunhappychildhoodmayhavesomenegativeseffectsonaperson’scharacter;however,theyarenotalways_____.A.practical B.avoidable C.permanent D.beneficial3.Justastheclothesapersonwears,thefoodheeatsandthefriendswithwhomhespendshistime,hishouse_____hispersonality.A.resembles B.strengthens C.reflects D.shapes4.Mymotheropenedthedrawerto_____theknivesandspoons.A.putaway B.putup C.puton D.puttogether5.Thousandsofpeople_____towatchyesterday’smatchagainstIreland.A.turnedon B.turnedin C.turnedaround D.turnedout6.Notuntilhewentthroughrealhardship_____thelovewehaveforourfamiliesisimportant.A.hadherealized B.didherealize C.herealized D.hehadrealized7.Ican’ttellyou_____waytotheWilson’sbecausewedon’thave_____Wilsonhereinthevillage.A.the,a B.a,/ C.a,the D.the,/8.She’dlivedinLondonandManchester,butsheliked_____andmovedtoCambridge.A.both B.neither C.none D.either9.Ourclubisopentoeveryone_____age,sexoreducationalbackground.A.dueto B.exceptfor C.alongwith D.regardlessof10.Jameshasjustarrived,butIdidn’tknowhe_____untilyesterday.A.willcome B.wascoming C.hadcome D.came11.Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore,hecangoshoppingwithout_____.A.recognizing B.beingrecognizedC.havingrecognized D.havingbeenrecognized12.Untilnow,wehaveraised50,000poundsforthepoorchildren,_____isquiteunexpected.A.that B.which C.who D.it13.“Everytimeyoueatasweet,drinkgreentea.”Thisis_____mymotherusedtotellme.A.what B.how C.that D.whether14.Todaytherearemoreairplanes_____morepeoplethaneverbeforeintheskies.A.carry B.carrying C.carried D.tobecarrying15._____metomorrowandI’llletyouknowtheexperimentresult.A.Calling B.Call C.Tocall D.HavingcalledKeys:1-15CCCADBABDBBBABB__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________完型填空。Therearedifferentkindsofswallows(燕子).1swallowsmaketheirhomesinthesand;othersbuildtheirnests(巢)2theroofs(屋檐).Theymaketheirnestsof3andgrass.Ittakesseveraldaysforthemtobuildanest.Theybuildasmallbiteveryday,andtheyhaveto4intheearlymorning,5thesunmaydryit6theygoonwiththeirworkTheswallowlaysfiveorsixwhite7atatime.Themotherbird8onthem,andthefatherbirdwatchesbyhersideand9her.Swallowsflyquickly.Theynevergettired.Whatisathousandkilometerstothemsincetheycan10nearlyonehundredkilometersanhour?Youmustnotthinkthatwhenswallowsfly11yourhead,theyarenotworking.No!Lifeisworkforthem.Theyworkvery12whenyoungbirdshavebeenhatched(孵化).Theyoungoneseat13andtheoldbirdshavetobeonthewing(飞翔)fromearlymorningtilllateatnight.14theyoungbirdscanflywell,15theoldswallowscannotrest.Theybeginatoncetothinkabouttheirsecond16,fortheyhavetwobroods(一窝)everyseason.Whenthesecondbroodareonthewing,itistimetothinkaboutgoingto17countries,becausethenightshavegrownlongerandcolder,theleaveshavebecome18,andtherearenotsomuchfood19before. Whenwinterisnear,theymustleavethecoldplace,when20come,theywillreturn.1.A.Another B.Many C.Some D.Few2.A.over B.between C.farfrom D.under3.A.sand B.earth C.stones D.wood4.A.work B.rest C.sleep D.play5.A.but B.because C.sothat D.so6.A.after B.until C.while D.before7.A.eggs B.children C.babies D.birds8.A.stands B.lies C.sits D.flies9.A.protects B.feeds C.waitsfor D.looksfor10.A.run B.walk C.fly D.jump11.A.over B.across C.crossing D.near12.A.slowly B.hard C.quietly D.noisily13.A.little B.alittle C.lot D.alot14.A.Atlast B.Atfirst C.Atonce D.Allthetime15.A.and B.but C.because D.so16.A.team B.group C.family D.class17.A.cooler B.warmer C.hotter D.colder18.A.yellow B.red C.green D.purple19.A.like B.as C.so D.such20.A.summer B.autumn C.spring D.winterKeys:1-20.CDBACDAABCABDABCBABC三，写作。假设你是高中生李越，有感于校园中存在的随意涂写(toscribble)和乱丢垃圾(tolitter)的行为，请用英语给校长写一封100-120个词的信。信中应包括以下内容。说明写信的目的；对这些行为进行批评；提出建议。注意：信的抬头，落款及信的第一句已给出（不计词数）。