北师大版高中英语必修五第3讲：Unit13-people-语法篇(学生版)

Unit13People语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________通过本节课，学生可掌握unit13中重点语法及其用法，并通过各个题型的练习，巩固语法基础，提升综合解题能力。过去分词过去分词起形容词、副词的作用，在句中作状语、定语、表语和宾语补足语。一、过去分词作状语1.通常修饰谓语，很多是说明动作发生的背景或情况。Guidedbytheseprinciples，theywentonwiththework.在这些方针的指引下，他们继续进行这项工作。Delightedwithherwork，theymadeherthegeneralmanager.他们很欣赏她的工作，让她当了总经理。Encouragedbythesesuccesses，theydecidedtoexpandthebusiness.在这些成绩的鼓舞下他们决定扩大经营。Builtin1192，thebridgeisover700yearsold.这座桥是1192年修的，已经有七百多年的历史了。2.过去分词也可作原因状语Influencedbyhisexample，theyperformedcountlessgooddeeds.在他的事迹的影响下，他们做了无数件好事。Confinedtobed，sheneededtobewaitedonineverything.(由于)她卧病在床，什么事都需要人照顾。Hesoonfellasleep，exhaustedbythejourney.由于旅途劳累他很快就睡着了。3.过去分词也可作时间状语Seenfromthehill,thetownlooksmagnificent.从山上看这座城市非常漂亮。Thismethod,triedinareasnearShanghai,resultedinamarkedriseintotalproduction.这个办法在上海附近地区试验时总产量有了显著提高。4.过去分词也可作假设的条件状语Givencloseranalysis,wecanseethisistotallywrong.仔细分析一下，我们可以看出这是完全错误的。Givenbetterattention,thecabbagescouldhavegrownbetter.如果管理得好一点，这些大白菜还可以长得更好。Unitedwestand，dividedwefall.(谚)团结则存，分裂则亡。二、过去分词作定语过去分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生或没有一定的时间性。Isthisthebookrecommendedbyourteacher?这是老师推荐的书吗？Aletterpostedtodaywillprobablyreachhimthedayaftertomorrow.今天发的信或许后天他能收到。Wehavetopaydutiesongoodsimportedfromabroad.进口商品得交税。Ihatetoseeletterswritteninpencil.我讨厌看铅笔写的信。三、过去分词作表语过去分词多表示主语所处的状态。Thedoorremainedlocked.门仍然锁着。Shefeltdisappointed.她感到很失望。Heseemsquitedelightedattheidea.听了这想法他似乎很激动。注意：这种结构和被动语态的区别。被动语态表示一个动作。Itisusuallyclosedat6.它通常六点关门。Thebookwaswrittenbyawoman.这书是一位妇女写的。四、过去分词作宾语补足语Shewasgladtoseeherchildrenwelltakencareofinthenursery.她很高兴看到孩子们在托儿所受到很好的照顾。HeonceheardthesongsunginGerman.有一次他听见有人用德语唱了这首歌。You’dbetterhaveyourshoesmended.你最好还是请人把鞋子修一下。五、过去分词与逻辑主语构成独立主格Allbooksreturnedattheendoftheterm,thelibraryassistantwassatisfied.所有的书期末时都还了，图书管理员很高兴。Thefieldploughed，hebegantospreadseed.地耕好了，他开始撒种子。1.________atoughjobmarket,freshgraduatesaredreamingofrunningtheirownbusinessesinstead.A.Facingwith B.Facedwith C.Facedupwith D.Facingto2.If________inwetsand,vegetablescanremainfreshforalongtime.A.beingburied B.havingburied C.buried D.burying3.Ifoundher______atthedesk______aletter.A.sitting;written B.seated;writingC.seated;written D.seating;writing4.NearlyhalftheU.S.workersquestionedinasurvey_____yesterdaysaidtheywereworriedthattheirjobsareatriskamidthecurrenteconomiccrisis.A.havingreleased B.beingreleasedC.released D.releasing5.Thesaleusuallytakesplaceoutsidethehouse,withtheaudience________onbenches,chairsorboxes.A.havingseated B.seatingC.seated D.beingseated基础演练一、单项选择1.BecauseofmypoorEnglishI’mafraidIcan’tmakemyself________.A.understand B.tounderstand C.understanding D.understood2.Theworkerswantus________togetherwiththem.A.work B.working C.towork D.worked3.What’sthelanguage________inGermany?A.speaking B.spoken C.bespoken D.tospeak4.________someofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.A.Followed B.Followedby C.Beingfollowed D.Havingbeenfollowedby5.Mostofthepeople________tothepartywerefamousscientists.A.invited B.toinvite C.beinginvited D.inviting6.Hewasdisappointedtofindhissuggestions_____.A.beenturneddown B.turneddownC.tobeturneddown D.toturndown7.Doyouknowtheboy________underthebigtree?A.lay B.lain C.Laying D.lying8.—Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?—I’dliketohavethispackage________,madam.A.beweighed B.tobeweighed C.toweigh D.weighed9.Therewasaterriblenoise________thesuddenburstoflight.A.followed B.following C.tobefollowed D.beingfollowed10.________moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.Given B.Togive C.Giving D.Havinggiven巩固提高一、适当形式填空（单句适当形式）1.Youcannotacceptanopinion

(offer)toyouunlessitisbasedonfacts.2.

(cover)withsnow,themountainlooksverybeautifulandpeaceful.3.Agreatnumberofstudents

(question)saidtheywereforcedtopracticethepiano.4.Mycomputerwas

(break)soIcouldn'treadyourtwoe-mailsuntiltoady.5.Healthyeating

(combination)withregularexerciseisawaytobecomefit.6.

(found)in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.7.Thecartoon,

(intention)fortheyoungkids,turnedouttobepopularwiththeadults.8.Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain

(seat)astheplanewasmakingalanding.9.Manythings

(consider)impossibleinthepastareverycommontoday.10.IknowthatifIstartwatchingasoapopera,Iimmediatelybecome

(addict).一、选词填空（单句选词填空）1."Allofouricecreamand

(freezing/frozen)foodsmelted,"saidthemanagerofastoreindowntownManhattan.2.

(Buried/Tobury)deepdownintheearth,thedeadforestsrottedawayandbecamecoal.3.MostAfricancountriesare

countries,whileAmerica,Britain,Germanyandsoonare

countries.(developing/developed)4.

(Seen/Seeing)fromthetopofthehill,thecitylookedlikeabiggarden.5.Thelittlegirl's

(scary/scared)expressionshowedshewasfrightened.6.Iwas

toseemyoldfriendsagain.Besides,muchtomy

,Tonyexpressedhislovetome.(delight/delighted)7.Don'ttouchtheglassbecauseitis

(breaking/broken).8.Danwonderedwhyhewaswantedbythepolice,buthewenttothestationyesterdayandnowheisnot

(worried/worry)anymore.9.Theairhasleakedoutofthisfootball.Couldyougetit

(blow/blown/toblow)up?10.Whenwillyougotothehospitalandhaveyourtooth

(examining/examined)?二、单句改错1.Markingwiththedateonwhichitwasbought,thedictionarywasputontheshelf._____________________________________________________________________________________2.Ihavecollectedthemoneyneedingtobuildthenewlibrary._____________________________________________________________________________________3.Takinggoodcareof,theoldwomanfeelsveryhappy._____________________________________________________________________________________4.Thesoldierstriedtorescuethepeopletrappinginthebigfireonthetopfloor._____________________________________________________________________________________5.ManypeoplebelievetheEnglishspeakingonTVandtheradioisstandardEnglish._____________________________________________________________________________________6.PeoplesayVancouverisCanada'smostbeautifulcity,surroundbythemountainsandthePacificOcean._____________________________________________________________________________________7.Beingdrivenbyagreaterdemandforvegetables,farmershavebuiltmoregreenhouses._____________________________________________________________________________________8.LeadingbytheParty,wehavewononevictoryafteranother._____________________________________________________________________________________9.Iamsweepingthefallingleaves._____________________________________________________________________________________10.Whentheteachercamein,shefoundtwoofthewindowsbreaking._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________单项选择1.Hegavehimselfanewnametohidehis____whenhewenttocarryoutthesecrettask.（2015湖北22）A.emotion B.talent C.identity D.treasure2.Thefailurewasabig tohim,buthewasn'tdiscouragedandsoongotasenthusiasticasever.（2015福建24）A.blow B.issue C.excuse D.factor3.Itisimportanttorememberthatsuccess________asumofsmalleffortsmadeeachdayandoften________yearsofachieve.（2015湖南27）A.is;takes B.are;takes C.are;take D.is;take4.ThemeetingwillbeheldinSeptember,but____knowsthedateforsure.（2015重庆2）A.everybody B.nobody C.anybody D.somebody5. Theresearchgroupproducedtworeportsbasedonthesurvey,but containedanyusefulsuggestions.（2015福建21）A.all B.none C.either D.neither二、阅读理解Theworld'ssmallestknownanimalwithabackbone(脊椎)isafrogthesizeofahousefly,anewstudysays.At7.7mmlong,thenewfoundfrogisalittlesmallerthantheprevious(先前的)recordholder,afish,whichmeasuresabout7.9mm.ScientistChristopherAustinandhisstudentEricRittmeyerdiscoveredthelittlefrogduringatriptoPapuaNewGuineatostudyanimalsandplantsontheisland.Theyhappenedtofindtheworld'ssmallestfrog."Thisfroghasacallthatdoesn'tsoundlikeafrogatall.Itsoundslikeaninsect,"saidAustin.Thecallswerecomingfromallaroundthem,andittookthetworesearchersawhiletofindoutthatthesoundswerecomingfromtheground.Theythoughttheywouldfindaninsect.Whattheygotinsteadsurprisedthem."Wefounditbyputtingawholehandfulofleavesintoaclearplasticbagandgoingthroughitcarefullyuntilwesawthatsmallfrogjumpoffoneofthoseleaves,"saidAustin.Thefrogscanjump30timestheirownlength.WhenAustinbroughtthecameratohiseyes,thesubjectwouldoftenalreadybegone.Afterjumpingaroundforsometime,thefrogsstoppedlongenoughforAustintotakephotos.Evenso,hehadtoenlargethephotosinordertodescribethenewspecies.ThescientistsalsofoundanothernewlittlefrogspeciesinNewGuinea.Austinsaidthattheyfound20speciesunknownbeforeontheislandofNewGuinea.Itwasauniqueexperience,butbothscientistsagreethatfindingthesmallestfrogisn'tthemostimportantdiscovery.Instead,itisimportanttofindtinyfrogshavemuchincommon.Almostallthetinyfrogs,atleast29speciesworldwide,arehiddeninthewetleavesontropical(热带的)forestfloors.Thishelpsprotectthefrogs.Smallsizeincreasestheriskofdryingout,whichwouldkillthefrogs.Inaddition,theyeatcreaturesthatotherfrogsdon'teat.1.Accordingtothetext,thenewlyfoundfrog

.A.livesundergroundB.hasauniquecallC.is7.9mmlongD.feedsonleaves2.Whatdoweknowaboutthetworesearchers'triptotheisland?A.Theyjusthappenedtopassthere.B.Theyfound29newspeciesoffrogs.C.Theydidn'texpecttofindsuchatinyfrog.D.Theirmostimportantfindingwasthetinyfrog.3.Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthattinyfrogs

.A.arestrugglingtosurviveB.prefertoliveinawethabitatC.areuniquetoNewGuineaD.differgreatlyfromeachother4.Thepurposeofthetextisto

.A.reportonarecentfindB.introducesometinyfrogsC.shareatravelingexperienceD.callonreaderstoprotectnature三、短文7选53WaystoMakeResponsibilityFunHereare3greatwaystoteachyourchildresponsibilitywhilestillhavingfun:CaringforapetI'veheardmanyparentssaytotheirkids,"Now,ifyougetthiscat,I'mnotgoingtotakecareofit.Youhaveto!"Thisisanunreasonableexpectationforsmallchildrenandsetsthemupforfailure.1.

Instead,whenyourchildgetsapet,acceptthatyouwillhavetocareforthepettoo.Picktwoorthreefunpettasksthatyourchildcando.