外研版初二(下)英语第4讲：unit-2-语法篇(教师版)

Unit2语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1.熟练掌握现在完成时的基本结构2.熟练掌握过去分词的变化规则3.掌握不规则动词的过去分词形式现在完成时（1）1.用法1）表示以前某个时间已经发生的行为或者曾经做过的事情对现在有某种影响。2)到现在为止已经完成的事情。2.句式变化现在完成时谓语的构成为：have/has+done（动词的过去分词）肯定句型：主语+have/has+done+其他否定形式：主语+have/hasnot+done+其他一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+done+其他3.动词过去分词的构成1)一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed，如：

worked played wanted

2)以不发音的-e结尾动词，动词词尾加-d，如：livedmovedhoped 3)以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i再加-ed，如：

studied tried cried carried 4)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stopped droppedplanned5)不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。

go-went make-made get-gotbuy-bought fly-flew单项选择1.（2015重庆第七十一中学3月月考）---AronwroteabookBetweenaRockandaHardPlace?A.called B.is C.wascalled D.call2.（2015福建福州中考）Sofar,theAIIB(亚投行) 57countriestobethefoundingmembers.A.attracted B.hasattracted C.willattract 3.---Haveyoupostedtheletterforme?--- .Iwilldoitthisafternoon.A.Yes,Ihave B.No,Ihaven’t C..Yes,Idid. D.No,Ididn’t.4.（2015河北中考）Paulaispleasedthatshe herlostwatch.A.finds B.found C.hasfound D.willfound5.（2015四川成都中考）I thebookLittlewomen,butI’llletyoureaditfirst.A.haven’tread B.don'tread C.won’tread 6.（2015北京中考）Mygrandparents inthatcitysince2008.A.willlive B.live C.havelived D.wereliving解析及答案：1.句意：Aron写了一本名为BetweenaRockandaHardPlace的书。此处要用过去分词called，calledBetweenaRockandaHardPlace是过去分词短语做后置定语，修饰abook。故选A。2.句意：到目前为止，亚投行已经吸引了57个国家成为创始成员国。本题考查动词的时态。由sofar可知，要用现在完成时，故选B。3.本题考查现在完成时的一般疑问句答语。结合答语中的“我今天下午就去做”可知答案为B。4.句意：Paula很高兴，因为她找到了丢失的手表。本题考查动词时态。结合本题的语境可知，要用现在完成时，表示找到手表这个动作对现在造成的影响，故选C。5.本题考查动词时态。结合本题语境可知，我还没有看过《小妇人》这本书，但是我会让你先看，故本题要用现在完成时。故选A。6.根据句中时间状语since2008可知，此句应为现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+动词的过去分词”，句意：我的祖父母从2008年以来就生活在那个城市。故选C。基础演练一、适当形式填空(单句适当形式)1.---

thetrain

(arrive)?---No,ithasn't.2.---

you

(finish)yourhomework?---No,Iamdoingitnow.3.---

sheever

(see)theTVplay?---Yes,shehas.4.---

you

(clean)theclassroom?---Yes,Ihave.---Whendidyoucleanit?---I

(clean)itanhourago.5.TheSmithfamily

(move)tothiscitythreeyearsago.6.---Howaboutseeingthefilmwithme?---Sorry,I

(see)ittwice.7.---Isyourfatherathome?---No,I'mafraidhe

(go)out.8.Mrs.Wang

(visit)theGreatWallmanytimes.9.Ihopeourfootballteam

(win)thematchnextweek.10.Doyouknowabook

(call)HarryPotterandtheHalf-BloodPrince?答案：1.Has,arrived 2.Have,finished 3.Has,seen4.Have,cleaned 5.moved 6.haveseen7.hasgone 8.hasvisited 9.willwin10.called巩固提高二、按要求转换句型1.Johnhasseenthisfilmthreetimes.(对划线部分提问)

hasJohnseenthisfilm?2.IhaveeatenmanykindsofseafoodinQingdao.(改为否定句)I

anykindsofseafoodinQingdao.3.LiuMinghasclimbedMountTaibefore.(改为一般疑问句)

LiuMing

MountTaibefore?4.MyfriendssaythattheyhadawonderfultimeinBeijing.(改为同义句)Myfriendssaythatthey

inBeijing.5.Theytraveledtherebytrain.(对划线部分提问)

theytravelthere?答案：1.Howmanytimes2.haven'teaten3.Has,climbed4.hadfun/enjoyedthemselves5.Howdid三、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)1.我以前没有去过另一座城市。Ihaven't

citybefore.2.你曾经乘坐飞机旅行过吗？

you

byplane?3.你爸爸读过今天的报纸了吗?

yourfather

today'snewspaper?4.大明曾经参加过很多比赛。Daming

lotsofcompetitions.5.只有一件事我还没有做。There'sonlyonethingI

.6.我们在中国过得很愉快。We're

inChina.答案：1.beentoanother2.Have,evertravelled3.Has;read4.haseverentered5.haven'tdone6.havingawonderful/good/greattime一、单项选择1.---

youever

toBeijing?---Yes,manytimes.A.Did;goB.Will;goC.Have;beenD.Did;been2.Howmanyletters

you

sofar?A.did;writeB.have;wroteC.have;writtenD.does;write3.---Whereareyougoingforyourholiday?---Well,we

yet.A.haven'tdecidedB.hadn'tdecidedC.don'tdecideD.didn'tdecide4.---Ican'tfindmywatch.

you

itanywhere,Mum?---No,never.Look!What'sthatunderyourbook?A.Have;seenB.Had;seenC.Do;seeD.Did;see5.---Mom,mayIgooutandflykites?---

you

yourhomeworkyet?A.Do;finishB.Did;finishC.Have;finishedD.Did;finished6.

thechildrenhavewatchedthecartoonHowtoTrainYourDragon

.A.Maybe;agoB.Maybe;agoC.Maybe;beforeD.Maybe;before7.---HowdoyoulikeSuzhou,Mr.Green?---Oh,I

suchabeautifulcitybefore.A.don'tvisitB.didn'tvisitC.haven'tvisitedD.hadn'tvisited8.

thebookstothelibrary?A.DidyoureturnB.HaveyoureturnedC.IshisfriendsgoingtoreturnD.Doyoureturn9.TheyleftforBeijinglastweekandwe

themsofar.A.don'thearfromB.didn'thearfromC.haven'theardfromD.won'thearfrom10.---I'llreturnthebooktoHelen,butIcan'tfindheranywhere.---She

theteachers'office.Youcanfindherthere.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.hasleftD.wentto答案：1-5CCAAC 6-10CCBCB二、完形填空Jack1

inasmalltowninEngland.HealwaysstayedinEngland2

hisholidays,butlastyearhethought,"I'veneverbeento3

countries.AllmyfriendsgotoSpain,4

theylikeitverymuch,sothisyearI'mgoingthere,too."Sohegotona5

toSpainand6

attheairportofthecapital,Madrid,andstayedinahotelforafewdays.Onthefirstmorninghewent7

forawalk.InEnglandpeopledriveontheleft,butinSpaintheydriveontheright.Jackforgotaboutthis,and8

hewaswalkingonabusystreet,abicycleknockedhimdown.Jack9

onthegroundforafewminutesandthenhesatupandsaid,"whereamI?"Justthenanoldmansellingmapswentpasthim.WhenheheardJack'swords,hesaidtohim10

,"Mapsofthecity,Sir?"1.A.flewB.livedC.wentD.dropped2.A.forB.offC.withD.into3.A.allB.bothC.otherD.any4.A.andB.butC.thoughD.however5.A.busB.planeC.trainD.bike6.A.reachedB.leftC.arrivedD.stayed7.A.downB.upC.awayD.out8.A.beforeB.whileC.sinceD.after9.A.layB.stoodC.fellD.jumped10.A.onceagainB.ontimeC.attimesD.atonce答案：1-5BACAB 6-10CDBAD__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________阅读理解AManypeopleliketotravelduringtheirvacations.Somepeopletravelintourgroupsbecausetheythinkitissafeandcheap.Atourguidetakescareofthegroupandmakessurethegroupcanseealotofinterestingandbeautifulsights.Otherpeopleliketravelingaloneorwithfriends.Ifyoutravelbyyourself,youarefreetoseewhatyouwanttosee.Peopletravelformanyreasons.Somepeopletraveltolearnmoreaboutothercountries'people,culture,foodandlanguages.Somepeopletravelforadventure(冒险).Theywanttodosomedifferentthings,suchasskiing,bungeejumping(蹦极跳)andmountainclimbing.Otherpeopleliketoshopwhentheytravel.Theylookfornewthingsorcheapones.Therearedifferentwaystotravel.Somepeopletaketrains,boatsorbuses,somefly,andothersdrivecars.Somepeopleliketotravelslowlyandspendalongtimeineachplace,whileothersliketotakequicktoursandvisitmoreplacesinashorttime.1.Whatdoes"sights"meaninChineseinthefirstparagraph?A.视力B.看见C.风景D.情景2.Whydosomepeopleliketravelingalone?A.Becausetheywanttoseeinterestingsights.B.Becausetheyhavedifferentwaystotravel.C.Becausetheyarefreetoseewhattheywanttosee.D.Becausetheywanttolearnmoreaboutpeoplefromothercountries.3.Accordingtothepassage,peopletravelfor

.A.adventureB.learningmoreaboutanothercountryC.shoppingD.alloftheabove4.Somepeopletakequicktoursbecause

.A.theytravelbycarB.theyliketovisitmanyplacesinashorttimeC.theyhavemuchtimefortravelingD.theywanttospendalongtimeineachplace5.Ifapersontravelsforadventure,hemaychoose

togetadifferentexperience.A.eatingB.shoppingC.bungeejumpingD.sleepingB（浙江省杭州市启正中学2014年期中）ZhangJinwasexcitedtogetthebonus(奖励)ofafreetriptoThailandfromhiscompany.ButthemanagerfromQingdao,Shandongprovince,didn’texpecttohaveadangerousexperience.Thenextday,uponZhang’sarrivalinBangkok,thecapitalofThailand,hewasshockedtofindhimselfinacityfilledwithstreetbattles(战斗)betweentwogroups.OnegroupwassupportingtheThaigovernmentwhiletheotherwasagainstit.Theanti-government(反政府的)grouphastakenanumberofactionsrecently.Ittookovertheprimeminister’s(总理)officeinAugustandhadstreetbattleswiththepolice.Twopeoplewerereportedtobekilledandhundredsinjured.Lastmonththeanti-governmentgrouptookovertwointernationalairportsinBangkokandstoppedallflights.About240,000foreigntourists,includingover3,000ChinesepeoplelikeZhang,wereforcedtostayinthecountry.“Wewerenervousonthestreets.ButwefeltathomewithotherChinesefromHongKongorTaiwan,”saidZhang.Luckily,theChinesegovernmentsentcharteredflights(包机)tobringthepeopleback.Now,alltheChinesetouristsaresafelybackhome.“ThemomenttheplaneleftThailand,wecheeredforjoy,”saidZhang.LastweekThailand’sprimeministerSomchaiWongsawatsteppeddownandtheairportsreopened.Butthecountry’stourismindustryneedstimetoreturntonormal.Tourismisthebiggestpartofthecountry’seconomy(经济).Thailandiscalled“LandofSmiles”andhassomeofAsia’sbestbeaches.Ithasmade$17billion(十亿)from15.5milliontouriststhisyear.6.WhydidZhangJingotoThailand?A.Heexpectedtohaveadangerousexperience.B.Hegotthebonusofafreetripfromhiscompany.C.Hewentthereonbusiness.D.HewantedtowatchthestreetbattlesinBangkok.7.WhyweretheredangerousstreetbattlesinBangkok?A.Becausepeopletherewantedtohavefuninthisway.B.Becausetheywantedtowelcometouristsinthisway.C.Becausesomeofthemweresupportingthegovernmentwhileotherswereagainstit.D.Thepassagedidn’tmentionthereasons.8.Whathasn’ttheanti-governmentgroupdonesincetheytookactions?A.Theyhadkilledtheprimeminister.B.Theyhadtakenovertheprimeminister’soffice.C.Theyhadstreetbattleswiththepolice.D.TheyhadtakenovertwointernationalairportsinBangkokandstoppedallflights.9.HowmanyChinesepeoplewereforcedtostayinThailand?A.24,000 B.3,000 C.27,000 D.Wedon’tknow10.HowweretheChineseatlastaccordingtoZhangJin?A.Manyofthemlosttheirlivesinthestreetbattles.B.Theyhidintheairport.C.TheywentbacktotheirhomesandworkplacesinBangkok.D.TheChinesegovernmentsentflightstobringthepeoplebackhomesafely.CIfyougotoEgypt,you'llseealotofpyramids.ThebiggestofallistheGreatPyramid.Itisabout137metreshighandmadeof2,300,000bigstones.Eachstoneweighsabouttwoandahalftons(吨).Thebiggestonesevenweighfifteentons.Ittookmorethan100,000mentwentyyearstobuildit.Nobodycantelljusthowthemencut,carriedandlifted(举)thehugestoneswithoutourmodernmachines(机器).TheEgyptiankingstoldthepeopletobuildthepyramidsforthemselves.Theythoughttheyhadtombs(坟墓)strongenoughtokeeptheirbodies(身体，尸体)welluntiltheycamebacktolife(复活).Buttheyneverthoughtthatabout5,000yearslatertheirbodieswouldbeonshowinmuseums.11.---WhereistheGreatPyramid?---It'sin

.A.ChinaB.JapanC.EgyptD.France12.Apyramidis

.A.ahouseB.ahugestoneC.aking'stombD.thenameofamuseum13.TheGreatPyramidisabout

andmadeof

hugestones.A.137metreshigh;100,000B.137highmetres;2,300,000C.137metres;2,300,000D.137metreshigh;2,300,00014.Pyramidsarebuiltfor

.A.thekingsB.thequeensC.thekings'teachersD.people15.Thekingshadthepyramidsbuilttokeeptheirbodiesuntil

.A.theycamehomeB.theybecamealiveC.theydiedD.theywereonshowinmuseumsDHaveyoueverbeentoHongKongDisneylandResort?Itisexcitingtoenjoythethrillingridesandwatchingthefantasticshowsthere.WhenyoucomeintotheDisneylandPark,youwillfindyourfavouritecharactercomingintoyourlife.TherearefourthemeparksinHongKongDisneylandResort:Fantasyland,Adventureland,SpacelandandAmericanMainStreet.HongKongDisneylandRailroadwasintheMainStreet.ItisthefirststopofHongKongDisneyland.Pleaseta