人教版高中英语必修五第1讲：Unit1-Great-scientists-词汇篇(教师版)

Unit1Greatscientists词汇篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________掌握重点词汇的搭配及用法，能够正确完成基础类型题。掌握重点句型的用法，会模仿句型进行写作。【重点词汇精讲】1.putforward:提出（计划、建议等）；将…提前；把钟表拨快e.g.Heputforwardagoodplanforthisproject.他为这项工程提出了一个好的方案。Thematchhasbeenputforwardto1:30.比赛已经提前到一点半举行。Puttheclockforwardbytenminutes.把钟表拨快十分钟。【词语联想】Øputaway:收起来；贮存，储蓄Øputdown:放下；写下，记下Øputoff:推迟；延期Øputup:张贴；撑开（帐篷）e.g.putupaposterputupatent:搭起帐篷Øputon:穿上；增加；上演（戏剧）e.g.putonweight:增加了体重putonanewplay:上演新戏剧2.conclude:v.作结论，断定（conclusion:n.结论）e.g.Thejuryconcludedthathewasguilty.陪审团认定他有罪。【习惯用语】★drawaconclusion作出结论★cometo/reach/arriveataconclusion得出结论★inconclusion最后3.defeatvt.打败,击败,战胜；使(希望,计划等)失败,挫败;阻挠,使无效e.g.Hefinallyconcededdefeat.他最终承认了失败。◆区别:defeat,conquer,overcomeØdefeat指“赢得胜利”,尤其指“军事上的胜利”,e.g.defeattheenemy打败敌人。Øconquer指“征服”、”战胜”,特别指“获得对人、物或感情的控制”,e.g.conquernature征服自然Øovercome指“战胜”、“压倒”、“克服”尤指“感情”而言,e.g.overcomedifficulties克服困难4.attendvt.&vi参加，注意，照料①bepresentat参加attendaceremony/lecture/ameeting②attendto(on):tolookafter,carefor,serve伺候,照顾，看护e.g.Thequeenhadagooddoctorattending（on）her.女皇有个好医生照顾她。e.g.Dr.Smithattendedherinhospital.史密斯医生在医院照顾她。e.g.Motherhadtoattendtohersickson.妈妈不得不照顾她生病的儿子。③attendto处理，注意倾听 e.g.Canyouattendtothematterimmediately?你能及时处理这件事吗？e.g.Imaybelate–Ihavegotoneortwothingstoattend.我可能会迟到。——我有些事要处理。5.expose①暴露Øexposesb./sth.tosth.ØHeexposeshisskintothesun.他把皮肤暴露在阳光下。②揭露ØHeexposedtheirplot.他揭穿了他们的阴谋。ØThecrimeofthecorruptofficialsmustbeexposedwithoutanyreserve.对贪官污吏的罪行一定要毫无保留地予以揭发。6.blamev.责备；谴责；把……归咎于n.过失；责备;(过失、过错等)责任①blamesb.forsth./doingsth.为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事Theyblamedthesecretaryforthedelayoftheplan.②blamesth.onsb./sth.把某事归咎于某人;因某事而指责某人Thepoliceblamedthetrafficaccidentonjack’scarelessdriving.③betoblamefor(doing)sth.因(做)某事某人应该受到谴责；注意:betoblame应受责备（主动表被动）；应负责任Thedriverwasnottoblameforthetrafficaccident.④accept/bear/taketheblameforsth.对某事负责任Heisreadytotaketheblameforwhathadhappened.⑤put/laytheblameforsth.onsb.将某事归咎于某人7.inaddition:除此之外，另外,意思相当于besides,what’smoree.g.Ipaid100Yuaninaddition.我额外付了100元。e.g.InadditiontoEnglish,hehastostudyasecondlanguage.除了英语，他不得不学第二语言。◆区别:inadditionto,except,besides,beside,apartfromØinadditionto：除…之外，还有…，表示递进关系。e.g.Thecompanyprovidedtheworkerswithfreelunchinadditiontopaidholidays.这家公司为员工们提供带薪假期，还有免费午餐。Øexcept:除…之外，表示在整体中排除，e.g.Everyoneexceptmegotaninvitation.除了我以外,所有人都收到了请柬.Øbesides表示“除了……以外，还有……”，与inadditionto同义，e.g.BesidesMrWang,wealsowenttoseethefilm.王先生也去了。Weallagreedbesideshim.我们都同意,他也同意。Øbeside:在…旁边。表示方位。e.g.Lilysitsbesidemeinclass.莉莉在班上做我旁边。Øapartfrom有两种含义：1）相当于besides.意为“除……以外（还包括）”e.g.Apartfrommymothertongue,Ispeakseveralforeignlanguagesaswell.除了母语外，我还会讲好几种外语。2）相当于except.意为“除……以外（不包括）”e.g.IlikeallthesubjectsapartfromEnglish.除了英语外，我喜欢所有学科。★同义句转换1）HespeaksFrenchaswellasEnglish.=HespeaksFrenchinadditionto/besidesEnglish.2)Apartfromthesalary,it’snotabadjob.=Inadditionto/Exceptthesalary,it’snotabadjob.8.absorbvt.★专注，聚精会神e.g.beabsorbedin＝putone’sheartinto集中精力做某事e.g.Iwasabsorbedinabookanddidn’thearyourcall.我正专心看书，没听到你的电话。e.g.Absorbedinhiswork，Tomsimplyforgotfoodandsleep.汤姆专心工作，几乎忘记了吃饭和睡觉。★吸收，把……吸收入（o...）e.g.Blackclothabsorbslight.黑布吸收光线。e.g.Thebigcompanyhasgraduallyabsorbedthesesmallcompaniesintoitsownorganization.这家大公司逐渐将这些小公司吞并了。e.g.Thecleverboyabsorbedalltheknowledgehisteachercouldgivehim.那个聪明的男孩把他老师所能教他的所有知识都理解了。【重点句子精讲】1.Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.对于它的起因和治疗方法人们都不清楚。★neither...nor...既不……也不，连接句中两个相同成分。①Ineitherknewnorcaredwhathadhappenedtohim.我既不知道也不关心他出了什么事。②NeitherFrancenorBritainwillattendthemeetingnextweek.法国和英国都将不会参加下星期的会议。③NeitherJimnorhisparentshaveseenthefilm.＝NeitherhisparentsnorJimhasseenthefilm.吉姆和她的父母都没有看过这部电影。★curevt.治疗,治愈,改正n.治疗,治愈,治疗法①curesb（ofsth）治好了某人（的...,...)e.g.Theonlywaytocurebackacheistorest.治疗背痛的唯一办法是休息。e.g.WhenIleftthehospitalIwascompletelycured.e.g.Thatnastyshockcuredhimofhisinquisitivenessforever.那一沉重教训根除了他凡事爱打听的毛病。e.g.Thisillnesscannotbecuredeasily.这种病不好治.②acureforsth.治疗…的方法;解决问题，改善困境e.g.Isthereacertaincureforcanceryet?癌症迄今有无有效的治疗方法?e.g.Thepricesaregoingupeveryday,butthereisnocureforrisingprices.2.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.人们既不知道它的病因，也不懂如何治疗。每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人病死。(1)本句为复合句，“Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeopledied”为主句，everytime引导时间状语从句，意思是“每当……”。(2)有些名词短语或副词可以起连词的作用，引导时间状语从句。例如：everytime,eachtime,thelasttime,nexttime,themoment,theminute,immediately,instantly等。①Everytime/EachtimeIexpressanopinion,shearguesback.每当我发表意见时,她总是反驳。②Ifoundmyselfinanentirelynewworldthemoment/theminute/immediatelyIarrivedhere.我一到这里就感到耳目一新。③ThelasttimeIsawhim,hewasquitewell.我最后一次看到他时，他还相当健康。④Giveyourfathermybestregardsnexttimeyouseehim.下次你见到你父亲时，请代我向他致以最好的问候。[拓展延伸](1)forthefirsttime是介词短语，常用作时间状语，而thefirsttime是连词，引导时间状语从句。(2)Itisthefirsttimethat...如果前面用is，从句动词用现在完成时；如果前面用was，则从句动词用过去完成时.(3)It’s(high)timethat...从句动词用过去时或should＋动词原形。e.g.It’shightimewetookimmediateactiontopreventpollution.该到我们立即采取措施阻止污染的时候了。3.WiththisextraevidenceJohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthevirus.利用这个额外证据，约翰·斯诺就可以很有把握地宣布污染水携带病菌。★announcevt.(1)宣布，宣告(决定、计划等)Øannouncesth.(tosb.)(向某人)宣布、通告某事Øannouncethat...宣布……；通知……ØItisannouncedthat...据宣布…e.g.Pleaseannouncetoyourclassthattherewillbenoschooltomorrow.请通知你们班明天不上学。e.g.IthasbeenofficiallyannouncedthathewillpayasecondvisittoChinasoon.据官方消息称，他不久将再次来中国访问。(2)(事情)显示……；预告e.g.Thebrightflowersannouncedthatspringwashere.鲜艳的花朵显示春天已经来到。[拓展延伸]announcementn.宣布；口头通知announcern.播音员makeanannouncement下通知1.Aninterestingsuggestiononhowtomeasurethetemperatureonthemoonhasbeen______.（2014.湖北宜昌高二联考）A.putforward B.putdownC.putawayD.putoff解析：putforward提出(意见、方案等)，符合题意。putdown放下，记下，镇压；putaway把……收拾放好；putoff推迟，关上(电灯、电器等)。答案：A2.Theyhavediscussedtheplanforalongtime,buttheyhaven’t________aconclusion.A.arrivedB.comeC.drawnD.reachedto解析：arriveat/cometo/draw/reachaconclusion“得出结论”。答案：C3.Buthebecame________whenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeople________tocholera.A.inspired；exposingB.inspired；exposedC.inspiring；exposingD.inspiring；exposed解析：inspired“受到鼓舞的”，常用于修饰人，inspiring“鼓舞人心的，令人振奋的”，常用于修饰物；排除C、D两项。第二空用过去分词短语作后置定语，表示被动。答案：B4.Heputforwardhissuggestionatthemeetingthateverymeans_____tosavethecropsbeforethestormcame.（2014河北唐山一中高二上期中）A.wastriedB.shouldtryC.betriedD.tried解析：句意：他在会议上提出建议，要在暴风雨来临之前尝试各种方法保护庄稼主从复合句中that引导同位语从句，解释说明suggestion的具体内容。此时同位语从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用（should）+动词原形形式。从句主语means与谓语try为被动关系，故应使用被动语态。答案：C5.According

to

the

driver’s

explanation,

it

was

not

his

carelessness

but

the

bad

road

conditions

that

______

for

the

accident.

（2014.云南玉溪一中高二上学期中）A.

was

to

blame

B.

was

to

be

blamed

C.

were

to

be

blamed

D.

were

to

blame

解析：betoblamefor表示：因……而备受责备，是固定结构，用主动形式表示被动意义。答案：D基础演练一、单词拼写1.Everyoneshould________(贡献)whatheorshecanaffordtohelpingthepoor.2.Healwayshasa________(积极的)attitudewhencorrectingstudents’mistakes.3.Ifweweretoo________(小心的)，wemightloseagoodbusinessopportunity.4.Thenewschoolisunder________(建设).5.He________(拒绝)allthesuggestionshisparentsputforward.6.Myfriendwasvery________(热情的)andhewasalwaysreadytohelpme.7.Theiceskaterwas________(旋转)fasterandfaster.8.Whoshouldbe________(负责的)fortheaccident?9.Ihadabrokenleg,so________(活动，移动)wasquiteimpossible.10.Ilostmybalanceandfell________(向后地).答案：1.conclude2.attended3.suspected4.polluted5.link6.instruct7.absorb8.severe9.challenge10.foresee二、单项填空1.Itisheroutgoingpersonalityattractsmemost.（北京市西城区2014-2015学年高二上学期期末）A.thatB.whichC.howD.what2.Tomsoundsverymuch________inthejob,butI’mnotsurewhetherhecanmanageit.A.interestedB.interestingC.interestinglyD.interestedly3.Asnobodyhereknowswhatiswrongwiththemachine,wemustsendforanengineerto________theproblem.A.handleB.raiseC.faceD.present4.—Thelightswereleftonallnightlong.—Yes.ItseemedthatZhangPengis________.Hewasthelastwholefttheclassroomyesterdayevening.A.blamingB.blamedC.toblameD.tobeblamed5.It’s

so

nice

to

hear

from

her

again.,we

last

met

more

than

thirty

years

ago.(2014年北京高考)A.

What’s

more

B.

That’s

to

say

C.

In

other

words

D.

Believe

it

or

not

6.Tooursurprise,theman,whowaslookeddownuponbyothersinthepast,isnow________thewholeproject.A.beyondcontrolB.incontrolofC.outofcontrolD.losingcontrolof7.Herpalefacesuggestedthatshe________ill.Herparentssuggestedthatshe________toseeadoctor.A.be；go B.be；wentC.was；goD.was；went8.Outherushed________heheardthebellringing.A.soonB.quicklyC.shortlyD.immediately9.NotuntilIcamehomelastnight________tobed.A.MumdidgoB.didMumgoC.wentMumD.Mumwent10.________writingthearticle,Mrs.Curieevenforgotherdinner.A.AbsorbedinB.AbsorbingatC.HavingabsorbedbyD.Toabsorbin答案：1.B2.A3.A4.C5.D6.B7.C8.D9.B10.A巩固提高Ashepherdwasherding(放牧)hissheepwhensuddenlyabrand­newsportscarcameoutofadustcloudtowardshim.The___1__wasayoungmaninanewdesignersuit,designer___2__,designersunglassesandadesignertie.He___3__outthewindowandaskedtheshepherd,“IfItellyou__4__howmanysheepyouhavehere,willyougivemeone？”Theshepherd__5__theman,thenhispeacefulsheepand___6__answered,“Sure,whynot？”Theyoungman__7__hiscar,tookouthis__8__,connectedittohismobilephone,surfedtoapageontheInternetwherehecalledupasatellitenavigationsystem(卫星导航系统).__9__,heprintedoutafull­color,150­pagereportonhishi­tech__10__,heturnedtotheshepherdandsaid,“Youhaveexactly1,586sheep.”“That’sright.”saidtheshepherd,“Iguessyoucan__11__oneofmysheep.”Theshepherdthensaidtotheyoungman,“Hey,ifIcan__12__youexactlywhatyour__13__is,willyougivemebackmysheep？”Theyoungmanthoughtaboutitfora(an)__14__andthensaid,“Okay,__15__？”“Youareaconsultant(顾问),”saidtheshepherd.“Wow!That’s__16__.”saidtheyoungman,“Buthowdidyou__17__that？”“Noguessingrequired.”answeredtheshepherd.“Youshoweduphere__18__nobodycalledyou.Youwanttoget__19__forananswerthatIalreadyknew,toaquestionI__20__askedandit’sobviousyoudon’tknowathingaboutmybusiness...Nowgivemebackmysheep.”1.A.cyclist B.driver C.teacher D.pilot 2.A.clothes B.trousers C.socks D.shoes 3.A.leaned B.took C.put D.looked 4.A.exactly B.generally C.quickly D.similarly 5.A.turnedto B.staredatC.lookedat D.pointedto6.A.stilly B.quietly C.angrily D.calmly 7.A.moved B.turned C.parked D.ran 8.A.counter B.computer C.book D.pencil 9.A.Finally B.However C.Even D.Therefore 10.A.car B.Internet C.printer D.phone 11.A.bring B.fetch C.take D.carry 12.A.know B.guess C.tell D.look 13.A.business B.car C.computer D.matter 14.A.hour B.day C.minute D.second 15.A.forwhat B.whynotC.why D.ifnot 16.A.allright B.all C.correct D.so 17.A.get B.guess C.work D.have 18.A.asthough B.evensoC.ifso D.eventhough19.A.paid B.praised C.done D.called 20.A.often B.constantly C.sometimes D.never 答案：1.B2.D3.A4.A5.C6.D7.C8.B9.A10.C11.C12.C13.A14.D15.B16.C17.B18.D19.A20.D一、同义词辨析1.用defeat,beat或win的适当形式填空。(1)We________________thematfootballmatchyesterday.(2)Inthatbattle,oursoldiers________theenemy.(3)We________thefootballgameyesterday.(4)Mary________thefirstprizeforswimming.2.用join,joinin,takepartin或attend的适当形式填空。(1)Please________us________playingbasketball.(2)He________thearmyattheageof18.(3)Ifirstjustwatchedthegame,andthenwasinvitedto________________.(4)Sheissureto________thewedding.(5)Theoldman________________thestudents’movementswhenhewasyoung.3.用announce或declare的适当形式填空。(1)They________thatshewouldgiveoneextrasong.(2)Theresultsoftheelectionwillbe________soon.(3)Theuseofcertainchemicalshasnowbeen______illegal.答案：1.(1)defeated/beat(2)defeated(3)won(4)won2.(1)join；in(2)joined(3)joinin(4)attend(5)tookpartin3.(1)announced(2)declared(3)declared二、佳句翻译与仿写1.Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.翻译：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________仿写：他和我都不打算去参加这次会议。________________________________________________________________________2.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.翻译：___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________仿写：我每次去北京都会去参观长城。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Heknewthatcholerawouldneverbecontrolleduntilitscausewasfound.翻译：____________________________________________________________________仿写：我亲眼所见后才会相信他的话。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.翻译____________________________________________________________________仿写：好像那次交通事故应该怪司机。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.翻译：____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________仿写：我建议他改天再来。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：1.人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。NeitherhenorIamgoingtoattendthemeeting.每次爆发霍乱时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓死亡。EverytimeIwenttoBeijing,IwouldvisittheGreatWall.他知道，直到找到病源，霍乱才能控制住。IwillneverbelievehimuntilIseewithmyowneyes.看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮用水了。Itseemedthatthedriverwastoblameforthetrafficaccident.为了防止这种情况再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议，所有水源都要经过检测。Isuggested(that)he(should)comeanotherday.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________LinusPauling,theonlypersonwhohaswontwoundividedNobelPrizes,wasborninPortland,Oregon.HeattendedWashingtonHighSchoolbutbecauseofanunimportantdetailhedidnotreceivehisdiplomauntil1962,longafterhehadreceivedhisBachelor’sdegreeinchemicalengineeringfromOrgonStateCollegein1922.Hehadchosentostudyhismajorbecausehecouldgetagoodjobwithit.HewontheNobelPrizeforChemistryin1954forhisresearchintothenatureofthechemicalbondanditsapplicationtotheexplanationofthestructureofcomplexsubstance.Hisinterestinthe“behavior”ofmolecules(分子)ledhimfromphysicalchemistrytobiologicalchemistry,especiallyofthehumanbody.Hebeganwithproteinsandtheirmainparts,theaminoacids(氨基酸),whicharecalledthe“buildingblocksoflife”.In1950,heconstructedthefirstsatisfactorymodelofaproteinmolecule,adiscoveryveryimportanttotheunderstandingofthelivingcell.DuringWorldWarⅡ,PaulingwasamemberoftheResearchBoardforNationalSecurity,forwhichhewasawardedthePresidentialMedalofMeritin1948.However,theuseoftheatomicbombneartheendofthewarturnedPaulinginanewdirection.Havinglongworkedonthestructureofmolecules,hetookanimmediateinterestinthedeadlyeffectsofnuclearfalloutonhumanmolecularstructures.Fromthenon,Paulingprotestedtheproductionofthehydrogenbombandsupportedthepreventionofthespreadofnuclearweapons.Throughhisefforts,TheNuclear­Test­BanTreaty,declaringallnuclearteststobeillegalexceptundergroundones,cameintoeffectonOctober10,1963,thesamedayLinusPaulingwasawardedtheNobelPeace.1.FromthefirstParagraph,welearnthatLinusPauling________.A.didn’tstudyhardwhileinWashingtonHighSchoolB.istheonlyscientistwhohaswontwoNobelPrizesC.wasoncebadlytreatedinWashingtonHighSchoolD.chosetostudychemicalengineeringtoearnhisliving2.WhichofthefollowingthingsdidPaulingpaymuchattentiontoatfirst?A.The“behavior”ofmolecules.B.Physicalchemistry.C.Biologicalchemistry.D.Thehumanbody.3.WhichofthefollowingislegalaccordingtoTheNuclear­Test­BanTreaty?A.Theuseofnuclearweapons.B.Testinghydrogenbombontheground.C.Testinghydrogenbombonunderground.D.Theproductionofhydrogenbombs.4.Themainideaofthepassageistoshow________.A.LinusPauling’sattitudetowardsnuclearweaponsB.LinusPauling’scontributionstotheworldC.LinusPauling’sresearchonthestructureofmoleculesD.LinusPauling’sgottheNobelPrizeforPeace答案：1.D2.B3.C4.BAlbertEinsteinhadagreateffectonscienceandhistory,andhisachievementwasevengreaterthanonlyafewothergreatscientistshaveachieved.AnAmericanuniversitypresidentoncesaidthatEinsteinhadmadeanewoutlook,anewviewoftheuniverse.Itmaybesometimebeforetheaveragemindunderstandsfullytheidentity(识别)oftime