陕西省宝鸡市渭滨区2022-2023学年高二年级上学期期末考试英语试题【含答案】

高二年级英语试题注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodofirst?APlaytennis.B.Gojogging.C.Takeawalk.2.Howdidthewomanlearntomakebread?AFromherfriend.B.Fromhermother.C.Fromacookbook.3.WhatdoweknowaboutGrace?A.Shewasheldupintraffic.B.Shegotoffworkearly.C.Hercarbrokedown.4.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Havingdinner.B.Preparingforaparty.C.Makingcolddrinks.5.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atabarber’s.B.Atatailor’s.C.Ataclothingshop.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Fatheranddaughter.B.Brotherandsister.C.Husbandandwife.7.WhatwillTinadonext?A.Buysomeflowers.B.Makeacake.C.Decoratetheroom.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatseasonisitnow?A.Spring.B.Autumn.C.Winter.9.Whatdoesthewomandislikeaboutthegreensweater?A.Itscolor.B.Itsstyle.C.Itsmaterial.10.Whatistheoriginalpriceofthebluesweater?A.$64.B.$80.C.$100.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.WhatdoesPatthinkofskiing?A.Easy.B.Difficult.C.Frightening.12.Whyisthewomanunwillingtotrytoski?A.She’sworriedaboutgettinghurt.B.Shethinksit’stoodifficult.C.Shefindsitquiteboring.13.WhatwillPatoffertodoforthewoman?A.Teachhertoski.B.Introduceapersonaltrainer.C.Askaboutskiingcourseinformation.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.WhostudiedinHarvardUniversity?A.James.B.Thewoman.C.James’brother.15.WhatmadeJamesgotothegraduationceremonyearly?A.Thelimitedseats.B.Theheavytraffic.C.Theraretickets.16.Whydidthewomanfeelupsetathergraduationceremony?A.Itwasn’tbigenough.B.Herparentsdidn’tattendit.C.Shehadtobeapartfromherclassmates.17.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Collegegraduationceremony.B.Importanceofparentalinvolvement.C.ThehistoricalbackgroundofHarvardUniversity.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.WhatisStellaMcCartney?A.Adesigner.B.Ahostess.C.Areporter.19.WhatdidStellaMcCartneysayaboutMinnie?A.Minniehadbeenasymbolofprogress.B.Minniewasimportantinherheart.C.Minnie’slookwascommon.20.WhendidthelimitedT-shirtcollectionbegintosell?A.OnMarch7th.B.OnMarch8th.C.OnMarch30th.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ASummerFlicks:6-9p.m,NRGPlaza,PatriotPlace,Foxborough.Takealawnchairandseeafreeoutdoormovie.Pre-showentertainmentontheplaza.Moviebeginsatdusk.Today:“AngryBirdsMovie.”Forinformation:618-374-583OriginalEastonFarmer’sMarket:10a.m.to2p.m.,S-CurveonDepotStreetnearShaw’s,Easton.SaturdaysthroughOct.28.Lotsofsummervegetablesandberries,breadsandotherbakedgoods.Forafulllistofsellersanditemsforsale,checkouttheOriginalEastonFarmersMarketonthetown’swebsite.Forinformation:617-698-5757Makingsterlingsilverjewelry:10a.m.to4p.m.,QuesetHouse,51MainSt.,NorthEaston.Whilethereisnotraining,Eastonresidentandlong-timesilverjewelrymakerBurtLewiswillhelpyougetstartedwithinformationontoolsandequipmentneededandmore.Noappointmentneeded.Forinformation:508-238-2000KingRichard’sFaire:weekends,Sept.2-Oct.22,at235MainSt.,Carver.OpenonSaturdaysandSundaysaswellastwoholidayMondays:Sept.4andOct.9.TheNewEnglandRenaissancefestivaloffersperformers,artisans,gamesandrides,foodanddrinkandmore.Gatesopenfrom10:30a.m.to6p.m..Admission:$16forchildrenages4-11;$32eachadult(age12andup).Forinformation:508-866-53911.Wherecanyoufindsomeentertainmentfreeofchange?A.InSummerFlicks.B.InKingRichard’sFaire.C.InMakingsterlingsilverjewelry.D.InOriginalEastonFarmer’sMarket.2.Whichnumbershouldyoucallifyouareinterestedinhandwork?A.618-374-583 B.617-698-5757C.508-238-2000 D.508-866-53913.Howmuchshouldhepayifateacherwithtwostudentsaged10attendstheKingRichard’sFaire?A.$48. B.$64. C.$80. D.$96.【答案】1.A2.C3.B【解析】【导语】本文是一则广告。提供了4个活动的内容、参加时段、联系方式等信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据“SummerFlicks:6-9p.m,NRGPlaza,PatriotPlace,Foxborough.Takealawnchairandseeafreeoutdoormovie.(SummerFlicks:晚上6-9点，NRG广场，爱国者广场，福克斯堡。找把躺椅，看一场免费的户外电影。)”中的free可知,在SummerFlicks:可以找到免费的娱乐项目。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据“Makingsterlingsilverjewelry部分“10a.m.to4p.m.,QuesetHouse,51MainSt.,NorthEaston.Whilethereisnotraining,Eastonresidentandlong-timesilverjewelrymakerBurtLewiswillhelpyougetstartedwithinformationontoolsandequipmentneededandmore.(上午10点至下午4点，北伊斯顿主街51号奎斯特大厦。虽然没有培训，但伊斯顿居民和长期银饰制造商伯特·刘易斯将帮助您入门，提供所需的工具和设备等信息。)”可知，Makingsterlingsilverjewelry需要工具和设备，因此推断属于手工活，根据“Forinformation:508-238-2000”可知，电话号码是508-238-2000。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据KingRichard’sFaire:中的“Admission:$16forchildrenages4-11;$32eachadult(age12andup).(门票：4-11岁儿童16美元；成人（12岁及以上32美元）)”可知,2个10岁孩子花费$32，一个大人$32，总计$64。故选B。BAcrowdcheeredKunleAdeyanjuasheturnedoffhismotorbikeengineaftercompletingatiring41-daytrip.The44-year-oldleftLondononApril19andarrivedinNigeria’scommercialcenterLagosonSundayaftertravellingmorethan8,000milesacross13countries.HestartedtheimpressivejourneytoraisefundsforRotaryInternationaltodealwithpolio(小儿麻痹症)inhisnativeNigeria.AccompaniedbyadozenbikersforthelaststretchofthejourneyfromtheRepublicofBenin,AdeyanjuwaswelcomedbysupportersinIkeja,incentralLagos.Adeyanju,called“LionHeart”byfans,wonpopularityamongthepublicbypostingdailypictureswithcommentsabouthisjourneyonsocialmedia.Ateverystopalongtheway,hewasgreetedbyenthusiastic(热情的)supporters.Hedidfacesomechallenges,liketheoneinMaliwhereoneofhiswheelsbroke.“Iwasstandinginthemiddleofthenight,aloneinabush,notknowingwhattodo,withoutspeakingthelanguage,”hesaid,explaininghehadtowalktothenearestvillage.“Fortunately,thelocalshelpedme.”Notallofthechallengeshefacedweresolvedsmoothly.“Mauritania,acountryinnorthwestAfrica,was‘terrible’,”hesaid,afterhegotrobbedofhundredsofeuros.“Theworstexperience,”headded.TheformerShellemployeeself-fundedhistripwith$20,400insavings,hopingtoraiseupto$48millionforRotaryInternational.“IhavebeensufferingfromalackofsleeplatelybecauseIsleptonlythreetofourhourspernight.ButIfeelproudbecauseIfinishedthischallenge,”Adeyanjusaidjustafterhearrived,wipingthesweatoffhisface.AdeyanjuaddedthatheisnowplanningtohaveapossiblecyclingtriptoGhanaorabikeridetoIsraeltohelpraisemorefunds.Andhehasanotherdream:toclimbMountQomolangma.4.WhydidAdeyanjugoonthe41-daytrip?A.Tochallengehimself. B.Tohelppeoplefightpolio.C.Toconnectwithmorepeople. D.ToadvertiseRotaryInternational.5.HowdidAdeyanjubecomepopularduringthejourney?A.Byusingthetitle“LionHeart”.B.Bycommentingonotherbikers’journeys.C.Bysharinghisexperiencesonline.D.Byshowinghisdeeploveforhishometown.6.WhathappenedtoAdeyanjuinMauritania?A.Hegotlostinthebush. B.Hemetwithcrime.C.Hefailedtounderstandthelocals. D.Hebrokehismotorbike.7.WhichwordscanbestdescribeAdeyanju?A.Caringanddetermined. B.Reliableandoutstanding.C.Generousandbrilliant. D.Ambitiousandconfident.【答案】4.B5.C6.B7.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。为了给国际扶轮社筹集在他的家乡尼尔利亚应对小儿麻痹症的资金，KunleAdeyanju成功完成了从伦敦到拉各斯的摩托车骑行。【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“HestartedtheimpressivejourneytoraisefundsforRotaryInternationaltodealwithpolio(小儿麻痹症)inhisnativeNigeria.(他开始了一段令人印象深刻的旅程，为国际扶轮社在其祖国尼日利亚的小儿麻痹症筹集资金。)”可知，Adeyanju进行为期41天的旅行是为了给国际扶轮社筹集在他家乡尼日利亚应对小儿麻痹症资金。故选B。

2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Adeyanju,called'LionHeart'byfans,wonpopularityamongthepublicbypostingdailypictureswithcommentsabouthisjourneyonsocialmedia.(Adeyanju被粉丝们称为“狮心”，他每天在社交媒体上发布旅途照片和评论，在公众中广受欢迎。)”可知，Adeyanju每天都在社交媒体上发布旅行照片和评论，从而赢得了公众的喜爱。故选C。3.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“‘Mauritania,acountryinnorthwestAfrica,was‘terrible’,’hesaid,afterhegotrobbedofhundredsofeuros.‘Theworstexperience,’headded.(“毛里塔尼亚，非洲西北部的一个国家，‘糟糕透了’，”他在被抢劫数百欧元后说。“最糟糕的经历，”他补充道。)”可知，Adeyanju的钱在毛里塔尼亚被抢了，这让他觉得在那里的经历很糟糕。故选B。4.推理判断题。根据第一段内容“AcrowdcheeredKunleAdeyanjuasheturnedoffhismotorbikeengineaftercompletingatiring41-daytrip.The44-year-oldleftLondononApril19andarrivedinNigeria’scommercialcenterLagosonSundayaftertravellingmorethan8,000milesacross13countries.HestartedtheimpressivejourneytoraisefundsforRotaryInternationaltodealwithpolio(小儿麻痹症)inhisnativeNigeria.(KunleAdeyanju结束了41天的劳累旅行，在他关掉摩托车引擎时，人群欢呼起来。这位44岁的男子于4月19日离开伦敦，于周日抵达尼日利亚商业中心拉各斯，此前他穿越了13个国家，行程超过8000英里。他开始了令人印象深刻的旅程，为国际扶轮社筹集资金，在他的祖国尼日利亚对付小儿麻痹症。)”和倒数第二段的“Hedidfacesomechallenges,liketheoneinMaliwhereoneofhiswheelsbroke.(他确实遇到了一些挑战，比如在马里，他的一个轮子坏了。)”可知，为了给国际扶轮社筹集资金在他家乡尼日利亚应对小儿麻痹症，Adeyanju进行了为期41天的骑行，由此可知，他是一个关心他人、乐于助人的人。在骑行中虽然遇到了一些困难，但他没有放弃，由此可知，他是一个意志坚定的人。故选A。CSixpeopleareabouttofindoutwhatitwouldbeliketoliveonMars—withouteverleavingtheEarth.ThreemenandthreewomenwillspendeightmonthslivinginaspecialhabitatonthesideofavolcanoinHawaii.TheyarepartofanexperimentbeingdonebyNASA(NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration)thatisdesignedtomimic(模仿)lifeonMars.Somepeoplemaybecomeunhappyorboredlivingunderthoseconditions.Certainpersonalitytypesmaynotgetalong,andlivingtogetherforalongtimecouldcausethemtoargue.BystudyingpeoplelivinginsimilarconditionshereonEarth,NASAhopestolearnhowtochoosethebestpeopleforaspacemission,andhowtohelpthemgetalong.Thecrew(全体工作人员)willliveinatwo-storydome-shaped(圆顶形)building.Thedomeislocatedinanareaabout2,400metresupthesideofMaunaLoa,thesecondbiggestvolcanointheworld.MaunaLoaisanactivevolcano,butithasnoteruptedsince1984.Itismonitoredallthetimeforsignsofvolcanicactivity.NASAchosethelocationbecausetheenvironmenttherelooksverysimilartoMars.Duringtheexperiment,thecrewwillonlybeabletocommunicatebyemail.TomakeitmorelikebeingonMars,therewillbea20-minutewaitingtimebetweenthetimeamessageissentandwhenitisreceived.Thatmeansitwilltake40minutestogetareplytoanemail.Thecrewwillbeperformingscientificworkwhiletheyarethere,includingsometripsoutsidethedome.Whentheygooutside,theywillhavetowearspacesuits,justasiftheywereonMars.ThecommanderofthecrewisMarthaLenio,a34-year-oldCanadian.Leniostudiedengineeringandisinterestedinspaceexplorationandenvironmentalproblems.Duringthemission,shewillrunexperimentsongrowingfoodandmakingcompost(堆肥)insidethedome.Theothercrewmembershavebackgroundsinphysicsandastronomy.Theywerechosenfromabout150peoplewhoappliedtotakepartintheexperiment.Noneofthemareastronauts.8.Whatisthemainpurposeoftheexperiment?A.Tostudypeople’sbehavior.B.Tocompleteachallengingtask.C.Togetfamiliarwithournaturalworld.D.TopreparevolunteersforlifeonMars.9.Whenlivinginagroup,volunteersshould_________.A.trytoshowtheirownpersonalityB.learntogetalongwitheachotherC.havenochancetogooutsideD.communicatebyphone10.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.MarthaLeniousedtobeanastronaut.B.Theexperimentwilltakeabouttwoyears.C.Allsixmembershaveprofessionalbackgrounds.D.Allmemberswillrunexperimentsongrowingfood.11.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.Atravelmagazine.B.AsciencemagazineC.Abiologytextbook.D.Ageographytextbook.【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一个NASA在进行的关于模拟火星生活的实验。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“ThreemenandthreewomenwillspendeightmonthslivinginaspecialhabitatonthesideofavolcanoinHawaii.TheyarepartofanexperimentbeingdonebyNASA(NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration)thatisdesignedtomimiclifeonMars.(三男三女将在夏威夷一座火山边上的一个特殊栖息地生活8个月。他们是美国国家航空航天局正在进行的模拟火星生命实验的一部分)”可知，这项实验中邀请了6位志愿者参与模拟在火星的生活，由此可推知，该实验的目的应是让志愿者为火星生活做准备。故选D项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段和第四段内容“Certainpersonalitytypesmaynotgetalong,andlivingtogetherforalongtimecouldcausethemtoargue.BystudyingpeoplelivinginsimilarconditionshereonEarth,NASAhopestolearnhowtochoosethebestpeopleforaspacemission,andhowtohelpthemgetalong.(某些性格类型的人可能无法相处，长时间住在一起可能会导致他们争吵。通过研究地球上生活在类似条件下的人们，NASA希望了解如何为太空任务选择最优秀的人，以及如何帮助他们相处)”可知，在这个实验里，志愿者们需要学习与他人彼此相处。故选B项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第八段和第九段内容“Leniostudiedengineeringandisinterestedinspaceexplorationandenvironmentalproblems.(莱尼奥学的是工程学，对太空探索和环境问题很感兴趣)”以及“Theothercrewmembershavebackgroundsinphysicsandastronomy.(其他队员都有物理学和天文学背景)”可知，6个志愿者都具有专业背景。故选C项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“ThreemenandthreewomenwillspendeightmonthslivinginaspecialhabitatonthesideofavolcanoinHawaii.TheyarepartofanexperimentbeingdonebyNASA(NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration)thatisdesignedtomimiclifeonMars.(三男三女将在夏威夷一座火山边上的一个特殊栖息地生活8个月。他们是美国国家航空航天局正在进行的模拟火星生命实验的一部分)”可知，文章主要讲述了一个NASA在进行的关于模拟火星生活的实验，由此可推知，文章应该来自于科学杂志。故选B项。D“OneofthereasonIfindthistopicveryinterestingisbecausemymomwasasmokerwhenIwasyounger,”saysLindson-Hawley,whostudiestobaccoandhealthattheUniversityofOxford.Bystudyingabout700adultsmokers,shefoundoutthatmomquittherightway-bystoppingabruptlyandcompletely.InherStudy,participantswererandomly(随机地)assignedtotwogroups.Onehadtoquitabruptlyonagivenday,goingfromaboutapackadaytozero.Theothercutdowngraduallyoverthecourseoftwoweeks.Peopleinbothgroupsusednicotinereplacement,likegumorspray.Theyalsohadtalktherapy(疗法)withanursebeforeandafterquitday.Sixmonthslater,morepeoplewhohadquitabruptlyhadstuckwithit--morethanone-fifthofthem,comparedtoaboutone-seventhintheothergroup.Althoughthesenumbersappearlow,itismuchhigherthanifpeopletrywithoutsupport.Andthequitrateswereparticularlyconvincinggiventhatbeforethestudystarted,mostofthepeoplehadsaidthey’drathercutdowngraduallybeforequitting.“Ifyou’retrainingforamarathon,youwouldn’texpecttoturnupandjustbeabletorunit.AndIthinkpeopleseethatforsmokingaswell.Theythink,‘Well,ifIgraduallyreduce,it’slikepractice,’”saysLindson-Hawley.Butthatwasn’tthecase.Insteadofgivingpeoplepractice,thegradualreductionlikelygavethemaddictionandwithdrawalsymptoms(脱瘾症状)beforetheyevenreachedtheday,whichcouldbewhyfewerpeopleinthatgroupactuallymadeittothatpoint.“Regardlessofyourstatedpreference,ifyou’rereadytoquit,quittingabruptlyismoreeffective,”saysDr.GabrielaFerreira.“Whenyoucanquoteaspecificnumberlikeafifthofthepatientswereabletoquit,that’sacceptable.Itgivesthemtheencouragement,Ithink,toreallygoforit,”Ferreirasays.Peoplerarelymanagetoquitthefirsttimetheytry.Butatleast,shesays,theycanmaximizetheoddsofsuccess.12.WhatdoseLindson-Hawleysayabouthermother?A.Shequitsmokingwithherdaughter’shelpB.ShewasalsoaresearcheroftobaccoandhealthC.ShestudiedthesmokingpatternsofadultsmokersD.Shesucceededinquittingsmokingabruptly13.WhatkindofsupportdidsmokersreceivetoquitsmokinginLindson-Hawley’sstudy?A.TheyweregivenphysicaltrainingB.TheywereofferednicotinereplacementC.TheywereencouragedbypsychologistD.Theywerelookedafterbyphysicians14.HowdoesDr.GabrielaFerreiraviewtheresultofLindson-Hawley’sexperiment?A.Itisencouraging B.ItisunexpectedC.Itisimpractical D.Itismisleading15.Taketheideaof“amarathon”(Para.5)asanexampletoshowthatquittingsmoking.A.issomethingfewcanaccomplish B.requiresalotofpatienceC.needssomepracticefirst D.isachallengeatthebeginning【答案】12.D13.B14.A15.C【解析】【分析】牛津大学的Lindson-Hawley的母亲曾经是一位吸烟者，因此他现在研究这一课题。通过研究700名成年的吸烟者，她发现逐步戒烟有可能会更能使人上瘾甚至出现脱瘾症状。而突然戒烟更有效。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的信息可得出Lindson-Hawley的母亲曾经是一位吸烟者，第二段中她发现她的母亲有效地戒烟了，而且戒地很突然、很彻底。A、B、C选项在文中都没有提及，属于无中生有选项。故选D。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段第四、五句话，提到两组志愿者在戒烟前除了使用nicotinereplacement(尼古丁替代疗法)之外，还使用nicotinepatches尼古丁贴片(一种戒烟贴)。他们还在戒烟前后接受护士的talktherapy(谈话治疗)。结合定位信息及四个选项的意思，故选B。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据文中第五段后半部分Dr.GabrielaFerreira的引语部分，其中她提到“Itgivesthemtheencouragement,Ithink,toreallygoforit.”得知Dr.GabrielaFerreira认为Lindson-Hawley的研究结果令人鼓舞，故选A。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段第2行以及上下文，可确定本题在文中的定位信息处为“AndIthinkpeopleseethatforsmokingaswell.Theythink,‘well,ifIgraduallyreduce,it’slikepractice’.”由此可以得知这些人的观点是逐步戒烟首先需要一些练习，A、B、D选项在文中都没有提及，属于无中生有选项。故选C。【点睛】4.C【解题剖析】此题属于推理判断题中的（4）根据事实细节，推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据,推论有理,忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。答案需要从文章的第五段第2行以及上下文，AndIthinkpeopleseethatforsmokingaswell.Theythink,‘well,ifIgraduallyreduce,it’slikepractice’进行推断。【答案定位】根据第五段第2行以及上下文，可确定本题在文中的定位信息处为“AndIthinkpeopleseethatforsmokingaswell.Theythink,‘well,ifIgraduallyreduce,it’slikepractice’.”由此可以得知这些人的观点是逐步戒烟首先需要一些练习，【推理关系】题干Taketheideaof“amarathon”(Para.5)asanexampletoshowthatquittingsmoking.☞文章内容AndIthinkpeopleseethatforsmokingaswell.Theythink,‘well,ifIgraduallyreduce,it’slikepractice’.”【答案】ifIgraduallyreduce,it’slikepractice’☞C选项needssomepracticefirst第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Atanymoment,youorsomeonearoundyoucouldexperienceaninjuryoranillness.Inthiscase,youneedtoprovidebasicmedicalcareforyourselfortheperson.Thisisknownasfirstaid.Usingbasicfirstaid,youmaybeabletostopasmallaccidentfromgettingworse.___16___Insomecases,firstaidconsistsoftheinitial(最初的)supportprovidedforsomeoneinthemiddleofamedicalemergency.___17___Inothercases,firstaidconsistsofthecareprovidedforsomeonewithasmallinjury.Forexample,firstaidisoftenwhatisneededtotreatburns,cutsandinsectstings(蜇伤).Andifyoucomeacrossanemergencysituation,followthesethreebasicsteps:Checkthescenefordanger.Lookforanythingthatmightbedangerous,likesignsoffireorfallingpieces.Ifyoursafetyisatrisk,removeyourselffromtheareaandcallforhelp.___18___Don’tmovethemunlessyoumustdosotoprotectthemfromdanger.___19___Ifyoususpectthesickorinjuredpersonneedsemergencymedicalcare,tellanearbypersontocall911orthelocalnumberforemergencymedicalservices.Ifyou’realone,makethecallyourself.Providecare.Ifyoucandososafely,remainwiththesickorinjuredpersonuntilprofessionalhelparrives.___20___Ifyouhavebasicfirst-aidskills,trytotreatanylife-threateninginjuriestheyhave.Removeyourselffromdangerifatanypointinthesituationyouthinkyoursafetymightbeatrisk.A.Callformedicalhelp,ifneeded.B.Provideemergencymedicalservices.C.Thissupportmighthelpthemsurviveuntilprofessionalhelparrives.D.Ifthesceneissafe,assesstheconditionofthesickorinjuredperson.E.Inthecaseofaseriousmedicalemergency,youmayevensavealife.F.Coverthemwithawarmblanket,comfortthemandtrytokeepthemcalm.G.Iftheyhavedifficultybreathing,loosenanyclothingaroundtheirchestandneck.【答案】16.E17.C18.D19.A20.F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是遇到紧急情况时要遵循的三个基本步骤。【16题详解】根据上文“Usingbasicfirstaid,youmaybeabletostopasmallaccidentfromgettingworse.(使用基本的急救方法，你就可以阻止一个小事故的恶化。)”推知，空格处应该说急救还有什么作用，E选项“Inthecaseofaseriousmedicalemergency,youmayevensavealife.(在严重的医疗紧急情况下，你甚至可以挽救一条生命。)”说明了急救也许还可以救一条命，在空前内容的基础上进一步说明急救的好处，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选E。【17题详解】根据上文“Insomecases,firstaidconsistsoftheinitial(最初的)supportprovidedforsomeoneinthemiddleofamedicalemergency.(在某些情况下，急救包括在医疗紧急情况中为某人提供的初步帮助。)”推知，空格处应该承接空前内容，说明这种初步帮助有什么作用，C选项“Thissupportmighthelpthemsurviveuntilprofessionalhelparrives.(这种帮助可能会帮助他们撑到专业救援到来。)”说明了这种初步帮助所起的作用，因此符合语境，故选C。【18题详解】根据上文“Ifyoursafetyisatrisk,removeyourselffromtheareaandcallforhelp.(如果您的安全受到威胁，请离开该区域并寻求帮助。)”推知，空格处应该说如果现场是安全的应该干什么，D选项“Ifthesceneissafe,assesstheconditionofthesickorinjuredperson.(如果现场安全，评估病人或伤者的情况。)”说明了如果现场安全该做什么，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选D。【19题详解】空格处是本段的主题句，由空后的“Ifyoususpectthesickorinjuredpersonneedsemergencymedicalcare,tellanearbypersontocall911orthelocalnumberforemergencymedicalservices.(如果你怀疑病人或伤者需要紧急医疗护理，告诉附近的人拨打911或当地紧急医疗服务电话。)”可知，本段主要讲的是要寻求医疗帮助，A选项“Callformedicalhelp,ifneeded.(如有需要，请寻求医疗帮助。)”概括了本段内容，可作为主题句，故选A。【20题详解】根据上文“Providecare.Ifyoucandososafely,remainwiththesickorinjuredpersonuntilprofessionalhelparrives.(提供关心。如果安全的话，待在病人或伤者身边，直到专业人员到来。)”推知，空格处应该继续说怎么为病人或伤者提供关心，F选项“Coverthemwithawarmblanket,comfortthemandtrytokeepthemcalm.(用温暖的毯子盖住他们，安慰他们，尽量让他们保持冷静。)”是为病人或伤者提供关心的具体做法，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选F。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。CarlAllambygrewupinapoorAfricanAmericanneighborhood.Asachild,pursuinghisdreamis____21____buteasyforhim.Hisschooldidn’toffertheadvancedscienceclassesthatmighthaveledhimonthepathto____22____.Evenithad,doingwellinschoolcouldprovedangerous.Therewereoftentimestheywouldbeattackedfor____23____theclass.Asaresult,he____24____thethoughtofbecomingadoctor.Atage19,hestartedworkingaloneinagarage.Overtheyearsithad____25____intotwoshops,butCarlwas____26____forsomethingmore.Soat34,hewentforhisbachelor’sdegreeinbusinessmanagementandhewas____27____hehadtotakebiologytogethisdegree.Itturnedoutthatitwasthe____28____thingtohavehappened.Biologyclassreawakenedachildhooddreamhehad____29____somewheredeepwithinhimself.Determinedtoaccomplishhisdream,heskippedbusiness____30____thescienceclassesforasecondcareer.“Itwas____31____tobecomeadoctorataround50.Iwould____32____becomeanurse,oraphysicianassistant.”Carlreasoned.ButCarl’schemistryprofessor____33____himafterclassonedayandtalkedhimoutofthatthought.Hewasright.Carldidwellinallhiscourses.Andsoin2015,hecut____34____withhispast,sellinghistwoshopsandeverythinginthem.In2019,at47,CarlAllambybecameCarlAllamby,MD.Theworldmayhave____35____himaroundonceortwice,butitdidn’tdefeathim.“Howmanypeoplecandosomethingso____36____atsuchalatestageintheirlife?”hesays.“Ifitsomanydemographics(人口统计数据)that____37____youshouldn’tbeadoctor.____38____it’sbecauseofmyage,myrace,myupbringing,ormycareer,theseareallgood____39____suggestingIshouldn’tbehere.And____40____hereIam.”21.A.nothing B.everything C.something D.anything22.A.business B.physics C.medicine D.biology23.A.topping B.skipping C.missing D.resisting24.A.wrotedown B.setaside C.cameupwith D.gotdownto25.A.narrowed B.declined C.grown D.shrunk26.A.hopeful B.sorry C.desperate D.grateful27.A.informed B.warmed C.convinced D.advised28.A.very B.least C.last D.best29.A.lost B.hidden C.made D.lived30A.inpraiseof B.inmemoryof C.inneedof D.infavorof31.A.crazy B.cool C.worthwhile D.admirable32.A.however B.indeed C.instead D.otherwise33.A.spotted B.stopped C.scolded D.seized34.A.ties B.profits C.business D.memories35.A.dropped B.kissed C.swallowed D.knocked36.A.ridiculous B.brand-new C.ambitious D.straight-forward37.A.calculate B.write C.report D.say38.A.If B.When C.Whether D.While39.A.reasons B.tips C.proofs D.examples40.A.so B.yet C.then D.still【答案】21.D22.C23.A24.B25.C26.C27.A28.D29.B30.D31.A32.C33.B34.A35.D36.B37.D38.C39.A40.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。卡尔·阿拉姆比在一个贫穷的非裔美国人社区长大，艰苦的不利条件让他童年时放弃了当医生的梦想，但是在34岁攻读企业管理学士学位时被要求学习生物学，这让他重燃了儿时的梦想，并在47岁时卡尔·阿拉比成为卡尔·阿拉比医学博士。【21题详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：作为一个孩子，追求他的梦想对他来说绝不容易。A.nothing没有什么，没有一件东西；B.everything一切；C.something某事，某物；D.anything任何事物。根据后文“Hisschooldidn’toffertheadvancedscienceclasses”(他的学校不提供高级科学课程)可知，追求他的梦想对他来说绝不容易。anythingbut意为“根本不，决不”。故选D项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的学校没有提供可能会引导他走上医学道路的高级科学课程。A.business商业；B.physics物理学；C.medicine医学；D.biology生物。根据后文“thethoughtofbecomingadoctor”(成为医生的想法)可知，此处是指可能会引导他走上医学道路。故选C项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们经常因为名列前茅而受到攻击。A.topping居……之首；B.skipping跳过，略过；C.missing错过；D.resisting阻挡，抵制。根据前文“doingwellinschoolcouldprovedangerous”(在学校表现好可能会有危险)可知，此处指他们经常因为名列前茅而受到攻击。故选A项。【24题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：结果，他放弃了当医生的念头。A.wrotedown写下；B.setaside把……抛在脑后；C.cameupwith提出；D.gotdownto着手处理。根据上文“Hisschooldidn’toffertheadvancedscienceclassesthatmighthaveledhimonthepathtomedicine.Evenithad,doingwellinschoolcouldprovedangerous.Therewereoftentimestheywouldbeattackedfortoppingtheclass.”可推知，此处是指在诸多不利条件下，他放弃了当医生的念头。故选B项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年来，它已经发展成两家商店，但卡尔渴望得到更多。A.narrowed使缩小，压缩；B.declined减少；C.grown发展，增加；D.shrunk收缩。根据“intotwoshops”可知，此处是指发展成两家商店。故选C项。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：多年来，它已经发展成两家商店，但卡尔渴望得到更多。A.hopeful满怀希望的；B.sorry抱歉的，惭愧的，歉疚的；C.desperate渴望的；D.grateful感激的。根据后文“hewentforhisbachelor’sdegreeinbusinessmanagement”(他攻读了企业管理学士学位)可知，此处是指卡尔渴望得到更多。故选C项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以在34岁的时候，他去攻读工商管理学士学位，他被告知他必须学习生物学才能获得学位。A.informed通知；B.warmed温暖；C.convinced使确信，使信服；D.advised建议。根据后文“hehadtotakebiologytogethisdegree”可知，此处是指他被告知他必须学习生物学才能获得学位。故选A项。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，这是发生的最好的事情。A.very同一的，恰好的，正是的；B.least最少的；C.last最后的；D.best最好的。根据后文“Biologyclassreawakenedachildhooddream”(生物课重新唤醒了一个童年的梦想)可知，此处是指这是发生的最好的事情。故选D项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：生物课重新唤醒了他童年时隐藏在内心深处的一个梦想。A.lost丢失；B.hidden隐藏；C.made制作；D.lived生活。根据“deepwithinhimself”可知，此处是指隐藏在内心深处的一个梦想。故选B项。【30题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：为了实现自己的梦想，他放弃了商业，改上科学课，开始了第二职业。A.inpraiseof歌颂；B.inmemoryof纪念；C.inneedof需要；D.infavorof支持。根据“forasecondcareer”可知，此处是指放弃了商业，改上科