初中虚拟语气讲解及专项练习与答案带解析

虚拟语气讲解语气(mood)是一种动词形式，用以表达说话者的意图或态度。英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。直陈语气(indicativemood),表达所说的话是事实。祈使语气(imperativemood),表达所说的话是请求或命令。虚拟语气(subjunctivemood),表达说的话不是事实，或者是不也许发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一.虚拟语气在条件句中的应用学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是也许发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。如：Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,Iwillgoforapicnic.假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。Oilfloatsifyoupouritonwater.你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不也许或不大也许发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。条件从句主句与现在事实相反If主语+动词过去式（be的过去式用were）should（would,might，could）+动词原形与过去事实相反If主语+had+过去分词should（would,might，could）+have＋过去分词与将来事实也许相反If主语+动词过去式（be的过去式用were）；should＋动词原形；wereto＋动词原形should（would,might，could）+动词原形与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were),主句的谓语用should（would,might，could）+动词原形。如：Ifitwerenotraining,weshouldgoforapicnic.假如现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。（事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表达愿望。）Ifhecamehere,hemightbeabletohelpyou.假如他来这，他就可以帮助你了。（事实是：他没来这，他不也许帮助你。表达对他的良好印象。）与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should（would,might，could）+have＋过去分词。如：Shewouldhavegonetothepartyifshehadbeeninvited.要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参与这次聚会了。（事实是：当时没有人邀请她，因此，她没有来参与聚会。表达后悔。）Ifshehadn'tcalledme,Iwouldhaveoversleptthismorning.今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。（事实是：她今天早上叫我了，我没有睡过头。表达感激。）3.与将来事实也许相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were)；should＋动词原形；wereto＋动词原形，主句用should（would,might，could）+动词原形。如：IfIweretobetwentyyearsoldnextyear,IwouldtakethecourseofFrench.明年我要是二十岁，我就会学法语。（事实是：我现在已经老了，明年我学不了法语了。）Ifitshouldfail,Iwouldtryagain.要是失败了，我会再试一次。（事实是：有也许失败，可我会再试。表达未知。）虚拟语气专练Ienjoyedthemovieverymuch.IwishI_____thebookfromwhichitwasmade.A.havereadB.hadreadC.shouldhavereadD.arereadingYouarelate.Ifyou_____afewminutesearlieryou_____him.A.come,wouldmeetB.hadcome,wouldhavemetC.come,willmeetD.hadcome,wouldmeet3.Thetwostudentstalkedasifthey_____friendsforyears.A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeenItisimportantthatI_____withMr.Williamsimmediately.A.speakB.spokeC.willspeakD.tospeakHelookedasifhe_____illforalongtime.A.wasB.wereC.hasbeenD.hadbeenIfthedoctorhadcomeearlierthepoorchildwouldnot_____.A.havelaidtherefortwohoursB.havebeenliedtherefortwohoursC.haveliedtherefortwohoursD.havelaintherefortwohoursIwishthatI_____withyoulastnight.A.wentB.couldgoC.havegoneD.couldhavegone8.Let’ssayyoucouldgothereagainhow_____feelA.willyouB.shouldyouC.wouldyouD.doyou9.Ican’tstandhim.Healwaystalksasthoughhe_____everything.A.knewB.knowsC.hasknownD.hadknown10._____thefogweshouldhavereachedourschool.A.BecauseofB.InspiteofC.IncaseofD.Butfor11.IfyouhadtoldmeinadvanceI_____himattheairport.A.wouldmeetB.wouldhadmetC.wouldhavemetD.wouldhavemeet12.Mikecantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe_____mehow.A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaughtD.wouldteach13.IwouldhavetoldhimtheanswerhaditbeenpossiblebutI_____sobusythen.A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.wouldbe14.He’sworkinghardforfearthathe_____.A.shouldfallbehindB.fellbehindC.mayfallbehindD.wouldfallenbehindIfit_____anothertenminutesthegamewouldhavebeencalledoff.A.hadrainedB.wouldhaverainedC.haveseenD.rained16.Hesuggestedthatthey_____useatrickinsteadoffighting.A.ShouldB.wouldC.doD.had17.MyfatherdidnotgotoNewYorkthedoctorsuggestedthathe_____there.A.notwentB.won’tgoC.notgoD.nottogo18.IwouldhavegonetothemeetingifI_____time.A.hadhadB.havehadC.hadD.wouldhavehad19.WouldyouratherI_____buyinganewbikeA.decidedagainstB.willdecideagainstC.havedecidedD.shalldecideagainst20.Youlooksotiredtonight.Itistimeyou_____.A.gotosleepB.wenttosleepC.gotobedD.wenttobed21.—Whydidn’tyoubuyanewcar—IwouldhaveboughtoneifI_____enoughmoney.A.hadB.havehadC.wouldhaveD.hadhad22.Ifshecouldsew_____.A.shemakeadressB.shewouldhavemadeashirtC.shewillmakeashirtD.shewouldhadmadeacoat23._____todayhewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleaves24.Hisdoctorsuggestedthathe_____ashorttripabroad.A.willtakeB.wouldtakeC.takeD.took25.TheBakersarrivedlastnight.Ifthey’donlyletusknowearlier_____atthestation.A.we’dmeetthemB.we’llmeetthemC.we’dhavemetthemD.we’vemetthem26.IfI_____youI_____moreattentiontoEnglishidiomsandphrases.A.was,shallpayB.am,willpayC.wouldbe,wouldpayD.were,wouldpay27.Wemighthavefailedifyou_____usahelpinghand.A.havenotgivenB.wouldnotgiveC.hadnotgivenD.didnotgive28.Thelawrequiresthateveryone_____hiscarcheckedatleastonceayear.A.hasB.hadC.haveD.willhave29.Itisstrangethathe_____so.A.wouldsayB.wouldspeakC.shouldsayD.willspeak30.HadIknownhername_____A.ordoessheknowmineB.andwheredoessheliveC.shewouldbebeautiful.D.Iwouldhaveinvitedhertolunch.Hehasjustarrivedbuthetalksasifhe_____allaboutthat.A.knowB.knowsC.knownD.knewIfI_____themoneyIwouldhaveboughtamuchbiggercar.possessedB.ownedC.hadD.hadhadHewasverybusyyesterdayotherwisehe_____tothemeeting.A.wouldcomeB.cameC.wouldhavecomeD.willcome34.ThelibrarianinsiststhatJohn_____nomorebooksfromthelibrarybeforehereturnsallthebookshehasborrowed.A.willtakeB.tookC.takeD.takesIleftveryearlylastnightbutIwishI_____soearly.A.didn’tleaveB.hadn’tleftC.haven’tleftD.couldn’tleave36.Idonothaveajob.IwouldfindonebutI_____notime.A.hadB.didn’thaveC.hadhadD.have37.Iwishthatyou_____suchabadheadachebecauseI’msurethatyouwouldhaveenjoyedtheconcert.A.hadn’tB.didn’thavehadC.hadn’thadD.hadn’thave38.Heinsistedthatweall_____inhisofficeatoneo’clock.A.beB.tobeC.wouldbeD.shallbe39.--Helencouldn’tgotoFranceafterall.--That’stoobad.I’msureshewouldhaveenjoyeditif_____.A.she’sgoneB.she’llgoC.she’dgoneD.she’dgo40.Imustgothereearlier.JohnhassuggestedthatI_____anhourbeforethediscussionbegins.A.goB.shallgoC.willgoD.wouldgo1—5BBDAD6—10DDCAD11—15CDCAA16—20ACAAD21—25DBCCC26—30DCCCD31—35DDCCB36—39DCAC解析：1.wish后面用虚拟语气，表达与过去事实相反用过去完毕时。2.条件句表达与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完毕时，从句用过去完毕时。3.asif后面假如表达真实情况就不用虚拟。4.Itisimportantthat是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用sb.shoulddo的形式。5.asif后面是真实情况，不虚拟。6.lain是lie的过去分词，表达“躺”。7.couldhavedone表达“本来可以”。8.与将来相反的虚拟语气，主句用过去将来时。9.asif表达不也许发生的事情时用虚拟语气。10.butfor表达“要不是……的话”，通常与虚拟语气搭配使用。11.inadvance表达“事先”，表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。12.wish的宾语从句表达发生在将来的愿望用过去将来时。13.but的并列句表达真实情况，不用虚拟语气。14.forfearthat后面的状语从句用sb