耳部解剖生理课件

耳部解剖和生理

EaranatomyandphysiologyGNResoundAsiaTradepromotion&TrainingDept.耳部解剖生理

EarfunctionA-听觉功能B-平衡功能HearingfunctionBalancefunction耳部解剖生理Hearingfunction耳部解剖生理Theorganofhearing(Zemlin,1988pp.460)耳部解剖生理PeripheralandCentral

耳部解剖生理Peripheralear(Engström&Engström,1979)耳部解剖生理Theexternalear外耳耳部解剖生理TheAuricle耳廓

功能：收集声音Concha耳甲腔Helix耳轮Anti-helix对耳轮Anti-tragus对耳屏Tragus耳屏耳部解剖生理TheEarcanal耳道

功能：耳道共振

S型，长2.5~3.5cm，直径0.7cm，铅笔粗细耳部解剖生理Themiddleear中耳

功能：换能器、放大器（27dB）、保护耳蜗(Engström&Engström,1979)耳部解剖生理TheEardrum鼓膜

功能：传音、放大(Engström&Engström,1987)耳部解剖生理TheEardrum鼓膜

宽8mm高9mm厚0.1mm耳部解剖生理Theossicles听小骨、听骨链

功能：利用杠杆原理将声能转成机械能(Zemlin,1988pp.445)锤骨Malleus砧骨Incus镫骨Stapes人体中最小的骨头耳部解剖生理Themiddleearmuscles中耳肌

功能：减少大声对内耳的伤害

鼓膜张肌和镫骨肌是人体最小的肌肉(Engström&Engström,1979)耳部解剖生理TheEustachiantube咽鼓管

功能：维持鼓室内外气压平衡、防止感染(Engström&Engström,1979)耳部解剖生理

Eustachiantube耳咽管长35~39mm，小儿减半，鼓室口高于咽口20~25mm，小儿较短、管腔较大、近水平耳部解剖生理The“stiletto”principle(Zemlin,1988pp.457)耳部解剖生理Leveractionprinciple耳部解剖生理Hearingprocess

Airconduction气导

OutearMiddleear

InnerearNerve

CentrumSound

Skull

Boneconduction骨导耳部解剖生理Theinnerear内耳耳部解剖生理Theinnerear内耳

包括：半规管、前庭、耳蜗耳部解剖生理HistologyclassificationCruscommuneAmpullamembranaceasuperiorUtriculusDucusendolymphaticusSacculusScalatympaniDucuscochlearisScalavestibuliDucuscochlearisHelicotremaFenestracochleaeRoundwindowDucusreuniensFenestravestibuliOvalwindowAmpullamembranaceaposteriorCristaampullaposteriorAmpullamembranacealateralisAmpullamembranaceasuperriorAmpullamembranacealateralis耳部解剖生理Theinnerear内耳(Engström&Engström,1976)(Engström&Engström,1979)耳部解剖生理Thecochlea耳蜗耳部解剖生理Theuncoiledcochlea(Zemlin,1988pp.465)耳部解剖生理Theuncoiledcochlea耳部解剖生理Crosssectionofcochlea耳部解剖生理Crosssectionofcochlea耳部解剖生理Crosssectionofthechanne耳部解剖生理CrosssectionoftheorganofCorti耳部解剖生理Inneruandouterhaircells耳部解剖生理InnerHairCellStereocilia

3500个内毛细胞耳部解剖生理OuterHairCellStereocilia

12000个外毛细胞耳部解剖生理FunctionofCochlea耳蜗的功能

将机械性声音信号转换成生物电信号耳部解剖生理FunctionofCochlea耳蜗的功能耳部解剖生理CrosssectionoftheorganofCorti耳部解剖生理OutHairCell耳部解剖生理OutHairCell耳部解剖生理OutHairCell耳部解剖生理ElectricityIoniccurrentflowsInnerHairCell耳部解剖生理CochléaDynamicsetanatomie耳部解剖生理3000HzToneApexBase耳部解剖生理

ApexBase300HzTone耳部解剖生理Auditorycentralnervoussystem耳部解剖生理Hearingprocess大脑颞叶大脑颞叶外侧丘系外侧丘系上橄榄体上橄榄体耳蜗核耳蜗核耳蜗毛细胞耳蜗毛细胞左右内侧膝状体内侧膝状体BraincortexCochlearHaircell耳部解剖生理1、听觉功能2、平衡功能

由前庭系和人的视觉及本体感觉系统共同完成的。

例如：前庭功能稍弱时，就将导致晕车！声波1.声波震动鼓膜2.鼓膜牵动中耳