Unit+3+Diverse+Cultures+Discovering+Useful+Structures+高一英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

Unit3

DiverseCulturesDiscoveringUsefulStructuresExcuseme!Yes?Isthisyourhandbag?Pardon?Isthisyourhandbag?Yes,itis.Thankyouverymuch.这段简短的对话中都省略了哪些词呢？WatchandObserveExcuseme!Yes?Isthisyourhandbag?Pardon?Isthisyourhandbag?Yes,itis.Thankyouverymuch.(You)(Ibegyour)pardon.myhandbag.(I)省略(Ellipsis)【情境探究】结合上面的对话完成句子1.While_______(iron)clothes,MissGoodaccidentallytouchedtheiron.2.Removeclothingusingscissors__________(如果有必要的话)unlessitisstucktotheburn.

ironingifnecessary【要义详析】为了使语言简洁或避免重复,省略句子中的一个或几个句子成分,这种语法现象称为省略。省略原则:词语省略后,不致令人费解。1.简单句及并列句中的省略省略成分情况说明

主语在祈使句中和不容易引起歧义的情况下可省略谓语或谓语的一部分为了避免与前面已出现过的动词重复常省略表语答语或下文中与上文结构相似的表语可省略宾语省略并列谓语最后一个动词的宾语以外的所有宾语主语和谓语,或主语和谓语的一部分在不引起歧义的情况下为使语言更加简洁、明了可省略两个并列分句中，后一分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。*(I)Begyourpardon.（主语）*SomeofusstudyJapanese;others(study)English.（谓语）

*—areyouMrJohnson?—Yes,Iam(MrJohnson).（表语）*Shewashed(theshirt),ironed(theshirt),andfoldedtheshirt.（宾语）*Sorry,(you’vedialedthe)wrongnumber.（主谓）两个并列分句中，后一分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。①Mikesaidthathewouldcometoschooltoseemethenextday,buthedidn't

(cometoschooltoseemethenextday).②Lin'sfatherwasnotathome,buthismotherwas(athome).③Shewaspoorbut

(shewas)honest.2.复合句中的省略(1)主句中的省略常见于句首或回答问题时,只用从句。*(It'sa)Pityyoucouldn'tcome.*—Whydidn’tyoucometoclassyesterday?—(Ididn’tcometoclassyesterday)BecauseIwasill.(2)宾语从句中的省略在宾语从句中常省略连词that,但当及物动词之后跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句时,只有第一个连词that可以省略。*Iknow(that)sheisateacherandthatsheisanexcellentwriter.(3)状语从句中的省略当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致或从句主语是it,并且从句谓语中有be动词时,常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。此类状语从句中的省略有如下情况:①在as,before,till,until,when,while等引导的时间状语从句中。*While(Iwas)walkingalongthestreet,Iheardmynamecalled.②在though,although等引导的让步状语从句中。*Though(theywere)tired,theywentonworking.③在if,unless等引导的条件状语从句中。*Youshouldn’tcometohispartyunless(youare)invited.④在as,asif,asthough等引导的方式状语从句中。*Hedidas(hewas)told.【名师点津】在表虚拟语气的条件状语从句中有should,were或had时,常省掉if,从句使用倒装句式。*IfIwereyou,Ishouldgivethatguyagoodlesson.WereIyou,Ishouldgivethatguyagoodlesson.(4)定语从句中的省略①一般说来,在限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词that,which,who,whom可以省略;而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不可以省略。*Theman(whom)yousawyesterdayfellill.*Theman,whomyousawyesterday,fellill.

②当先行词是way,且引导词在定语从句中作方式状语时,引导词可用inwhich或that,也可以省略。*Theway(inwhich/that)thesecomradestreatproblemsiswrong.【即学活用】将句中省略的部分补充完整。①Ibelieve____shewillhelpyouandthatyouwillsucceed.②I’llgiveyouall____Ihaveaslongasyouarehappy.③Whenever____possible,hewillcometomyhelp.

thatthatitis3.动词不定式中的省略动词不定式中的省略现象可分为两种情况,一是动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的省略;二是动词不定式符号to的省略。(1)省略动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的情况①一些表示心理活动,情感态度的动词或短语,如expect,want,hope,wish,love,hate,decide,plan,mean,try,wouldlike,beready,beafraid,beglad等后,动词不定式省略to后面的动词部分,但保留to。*—Willyougowithme?—Well,I’dliketo(gowith

you).②不定式作宾语补足语时,省略to后的动词部分,即用to代替整个不定式。*You’dbetterfinishthejobontimeifheorderedyouto(finishthejobontime).【名师点津】如果该不定式后的动词是be或完成时态,则需在to后加上be或have。*—Areyoualawyer?—No,butIhopetobe(alawyer).*—HaveyoubeentotheWestLake?—Ihopetohave(beentotheWestLake).(2)省略动词不定式符号to的情况①动词不定式作感官动词feel,see,notice,watch,find,hear,listento,observe和使役动词have,make,let等的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to省略。如果这些动词用于被动语态,其后的动词不定式符号to不能省略(但let除外)。*Weoftenhearhimsingthesongathome.→Heisoftenheardtosingthesongathome.②两个或两个以上的动词不定式由连词and,or,than,but连接时,从第二个不定式起,往往省略不定式符号to。但如果强调对比之意时不能省略。*She’dliketotakeoffhercoatandhaveabreak.*It’smoredifficulttodothantosay.(强调语意前后对比)。③在help后接不定式todo做宾语或宾补时，to可省可不省。*Iwillhelp

(to)

doitforyou.*Iwillhelpyou(to)doit.

【名师点津】but,except作介词,后接动词不定式。如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么这些介词后的不定式不带to,反之则要带to。*Shecoulddonothingbutcry.*Hehasnochoicebuttoleave.【即学活用】语法填空①Theyhaveseenher_____(grow)upfromchildhood.②Theteachercamenottopunishyoubut______(help)you.

③Shewasmade_______(work)fortenhoursaday.

④Ihavenochoiceexcept________(accept)hisconditions.

growtohelptoworktoaccept1.signs/labelsNoparking.

(Noparkingisallowedhere.)Quiet!

(Youshouldbequiethere.)2.newspaperheadlines

Turandotonstage.

(TheoperaTurandotisbeingperformedonstage.)一些特殊结构中的省略3.instructionsDonotbend!

(Donotbendthisenvelope.)4.postcards/diariesBestwishes.

(Igiveyoumybestwishes.)5.notesOperaOK,costumesgreat.

(TheoperawasOK,andthecostumesweregreat.)P302Rewritethesentencesbytakingouttheunnecessaryparts.1.YoumeanyouareplanningatripacrosstheAtlanticforaholiday?Itsoundslikeagoodidea.2.Hetriedtosolvehisfinancialproblems,buthecouldn'tsolvetheproblems.3.Ifitisnecessary,I'llfinishmyreportonAmericanpoetryassoonasitispossible.4.Areyougoingtodresslikethat?Wearingadressmightbebetterthanwearingjeansandboots.5.Somewildmushroomsarepoisonousandsomearenotpoisonous.6.Ireallylikethatpaperfoldingbook,andmysonlikesthatpaperfoldingbook,too.Exercises1.Haven’tseenyouforages.____________________________2.Somemoretea?____________________________3.Soundslikeagoodidea.____________________________4.Doesn’tmatter.____________________________5.Sorrytohearthat.____________________________Ihaven’tseenyouforages.Wouldyoulike

somemoretea?That/It

soundslikeagoodidea.QuizI:Findoutwhathavebeenleftout.Itdoesn’tmatter.I’m

sorrytohearthat.6.Pityyoucouldn’tcome.________________________________7.Thisway,please.________________________________8.Terribleweather!________________________________9.Joiningusforadrink?________________________________10.Goingtothesupermarket?________________________________It’s/Whata

pityyoucouldn’tcome.Step/Comethisway,please.What

terribleweather

itis!Areyou

joiningusforadrink?Areyou

goingtothesupermarket?1.我的兄弟抽烟，而我不抽烟。

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