初升高衔接英语重点语法入门之不定式速记练习

不定式观察下面例句，注意不定式所作成分。1.Infactitisnotdifficulttomasteraforeignlanguage.2.Herwishistocatchupwithherclassmatesinamonth.3.Hewasthefirstpersontoputforwardtheissueatthemeeting.4.Tocatchthefirstbus，hegotupearly.5.Theydecidedtobuildahighwaybetweenthetwocities.6.Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.总结：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，可以在句中充当________________________________________________________________.主语、表语定语、状语、补语、宾语、宾补观察下面例句，注意不定式的时态和语态1.I’msorrytohearthat.2.Iplantoattendthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow.3.Themanpretendedtobelookingforsomethingwhenwepassedby.4.I'msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.5.You’dbettertellthetruth.Yourmotherseemstohavebeentoldwhathappened.todotobedonetobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendone【即时训练】①Iwish____________________(loveandrespect)我希望得到大家的爱戴和尊重。②Thecityissaid___________________________(develop)intoamodernartscenter.据说这个城市已经发展成为了一个现代艺术中心。③Thenovelissaid___________________________(translate)intoEnglish.据说这本小说已经被翻译成了英文。④Theboypretended_________(do)hishomeworkwhenhismothercameback.当妈妈回家时，男孩假装在写作业。tobelovedandrespectedtohavedevelopedtohavebeentranslatedtobedoing动词不定式的句法功能1、不定式作主语注意：动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。若不定式结构比较复杂,往往用it作形式主语,真正的主语放在句子的后面。e.g.Tocatchthe5:00busearlyinthemorningisnotagoodidea.

Itisnotagoodidea

tocatchthe5:00busearlyinthemorning.总结常用it作形式主语，不定式作真正主语的句型：1)需要/花费某人…去做某事______________________________________________________________2)对某人来说做某事是…__________________________________________________________________此句型中常用的adj.有：natural,important,necessary,essential,vital,strange,difficult,impossible等。3)某人做某事太…了__________________________________________________________________此句型中常用的adj.有：kind,sweet,considerate,warm-hearted,typical,mean,foolish,silly,wise等4)该到某事做某事的时间了______________________________________________________________5)Itisanhonor/apriviledge/apleasure/goodmanners/badmannerstodosth.Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth.Itbeadj.forsb.todosth.It'stimetodosth.Itbeadj.ofsb.todosth.【即时训练】完成句子①他一向粗鲁且无礼。__________________________________________________________②被邀请来此作报告荣幸之至。__________________________________________________________③这需要我们付出极大的耐心和努力来完成这个任务。__________________________________________________________④遵守交通规则是极为重要的。__________________________________________________________Itisrudeandimpoliteofhimtodoeverything.Itismyhonourtobeinvitedtodeliveraspeech.Itwilltakeusgreatpatienceandeffortstofinishthetask.Itisvitalforustoobeythetrafficrule.2、不定式作表语置于be,become,sound,taste等系动词后面来说明主语的内容、性质、特征,其主语常常是wish,idea,task,purpose,duty,job等表示意向打算、计划的词。e.g.Hisdreamis

tobeadoctor.Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.注意：注意：如果系动词前有实义动词do时，省略to.e.g.

WhatIwanttodonowisgohome.【即时训练】完成句子①我的目标是在一家开发电脑软件的公司里工作。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________②网络的目的之一就是让人们在家里就能得到海量的信息和数据。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________③下一步我要做的是卖掉这些家具。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Myaimistoworkinacompanythatdevelopscomputersoftware.OneofthepurposesoftheInternetistoenablepeopletogetalotofinformationanddata.ThenextstepIwanttodoistosellthefurniture.3、不定式作宾语

(1)下面口诀中动词后常跟不定式作宾语决心学会选计划___________________________________________________________________拒绝答应想假装___________________________________________________________________主动设法愿希望___________________________________________________________________同意请求帮一帮___________________________________________________________________准备威胁易声称___________________________________________________________________渴望申请败踌躇___________________________________________________________________自愿提醒提要求___________________________________________________________________e.gThedriver

failedtoseetheothercarintime.Hecan’t

affordtobuy

theexpensivecar.deceide/determine,learn,choose,planrefuse,promise,want,pretendoffer,manage,desire,hope/wishagree,ask,helpprepare,threaten,tend,claimlong,apply,fail,hesitatevolunteer,remind,require(2)常用句型“主语+think/find/make/believe/consider/suppose/feel+it+adj./n.+todosth.”。其中,it为形式宾语,todo为真正的宾语。e.g.Hemakesitaruletohelppeopleinneed.Ifinditinterestingtolearn

Englishwithyou.(3)一些动词既可跟动名词又可跟不定式作宾语,但是两种情况下的语义不同remembertodosth._________________________rememberdoingsth._____________________________forgettodosth.____________________________源forgetdoingsth.________________________________regrettodosth.____________________________regretdoingsth._________________________________trytodosth.______________________________trydoingsth.___________________________________meantodosth.____________________________meandoingsth._______________________________源:stoptodosth._____________________________stopdoingsth.__________________________________记得要做某事记得做过某事忘记要做某事忘记做过某事遗憾做某事后悔做某事尽力做某事试图做某事打算做某事意味着...停下来去做另一件事停止做某事【即时训练】①他把帮助这些无家可归的人当成了他的责任。___________________________________________________________.②他发现很难适应独自生活在国外。___________________________________________________________.③如果她的要求得不到满足的话，该女子扬言要炸掉机场。Ifherdemandswerenotmet,_____________________________________④如果有人反驳他，他往往会发脾气。___________________________________________________________Hefeelsithisdutytohelpthehomeless.Hefindsitdifficulttoadapttolivinganindependentlifeabroad.thewomanthreatenedtoblowuptheairpot.Ifsomeonerefuseshim,hetendstolosehistemper.4、不定式作宾语补足语：(1).在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,callon,invite,urge,encourage等.e.g.Thechildrenaskedtheirparentstotakethemtothepark.Iwillpersuadehimtocomewithus.(2)感官动词后，如see,watch,lookat,observe,notice,hear,listento,feel及表示“使”、“让”的使役动词，如have,make,let等跟不定式作宾补时要省略不定式符号to。但如果感官动词或使役动词用于被动语态时，to要还原。e.g.Thoughhehadoftenmadehissistercry,todayhewasmadetocrybyhissister.Isawhimcrossthesrteetandenterthebank.=Hewasseentocrossthesreetandenterthebank.【即时训练】①政府号召每一位市民节约用水。_______________________________________________________②我写信来是为了邀请你参加元宵节的庆祝活动。_______________________________________________________Thegovernmentcallsoneverycitizenstosaveeverydropofwater.I'mwritingtoinviteyoutotakepartinthecelebrationofLaternFestival.(1)动词不定式作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面，与被修饰的词构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。例如:Shewasthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea.（person是动作thinkof的发出者，构成逻辑上的主谓关系）Ihavealotofthingstodo.(thing是动作do的承受者，构成了逻辑上的动宾关系)Chinawasoneofthefirstcountriesintheworldtostudythescienceoffarming。(China是动作study的发出者，构成逻辑上的_____________关系)Doyouhaveanythingtoeat?(anything是动作eat的承受者，构成了逻辑上的_________关系)①当你等的时候，带上一本书读。Whenyouarewaiting,____________________________________________________②我不能和你一起去。我有这么多盘子要洗。Icangowithyou,for______________________________________________________.4、不定式作定语主谓动宾you'dbetterbringabooktoread.therearetoomanydishestowash.2、如果不定式是不及物动词，要在它的后面加上一个结构上或意义上所需要的介词来表示动宾关系。例如：Iuseapentowritewith.Hehasnohousetolivein.练习：①他有三个弟弟要照顾。________________________________________________.②她给她的女儿买了个洋娃娃来玩。_______________________________________________________________________注意如下句型：Iwanttogototheconcert,butIhavealotofclothestowash.

(不定式动作的发出者是句子的主语,不定式主动形式表示被动含义)Iamgoingtothelaundry.Doyouhaveclothestobewashed?

(不定式动作的发出者不是主语时，用不定式的被动形式)e.g：IamgoingtoLondon.Doyouhaveanything________________(take)toyourparents?Doyouhaveanyquestions____________(ask)Hehas3brotherstolookafter.Shebuysherdaughteradolltoplaywith.totaketoask3、当名词被序数词或最高级,thelast,theonly修饰时，用不定式作后置定语。e.g.Heisthefirstonetothinkoftheidea.Thelasttoleaveshouldturnoffthelights.①你是参赛的最年轻的选手。___________________________________________________________________________②她是第一个获得这个奖项的女性。____________________________________________________________________________4、way,chance,opportunity,ability,attempt,courage，decision等名词后常接动词不定式作后置定语e.g.Idoubtedhisabilitytodothejob.Haveyouthoughtofthewaytosolvethetrouble?①我想提高我的表达自己的能力。____________________________________________________________________________②忘记悲伤的最好方法是将自己投入到工作中去。____________________________________________________________________________Youaretheyoungestplayertoparticipateinthecompetition.Sheisthefirstwomantowintheprize.Iwanttoimprovemyabilitytoexpressmyself.Thebestwaytoforgetthesadnessistodevoteyourselftoyourwork.【即时训练】单句语法填空①Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatrain___________(catch).②Alackofconcentrationseriouslyaffectstheirability_______________(study)andthustheirtestresults.③Doyouknowwhoisthefirstperson___________________(climb)thetallestmountainintheworld?④Thatistheonlywaywecanimagine__________________(reduce)theoveruseofwaterinstudents’bathrooms.⑤Heisnotaman____________(bow)beforedifficulties.tocatchtostudytoclimbtoreducetoknow不定式作状语动词不定式作状语可表示目的、原因及结果等,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,因此动词不定式作状语往往用主动式(1)目的状语常用结构为：todo,inordertodo,soastodo(不能在句首)等。Icomeheretosaygood-byetoyou.Inordertocatchthefirstbus,Igotupearlythismorning.注意：不定式做目的状语时，可以放在主干之前用逗号隔开，也可用于主干之后但不能用逗号隔开。对比：Shestayeduplatetomakepreparationsforherspeech.(_________状语)Shestayeduplate,makingpreparationsforherspeech.（_________状语）目的伴随(2)作结果状语，可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式通常和only连用，要放在句子后面。Iawokeonlytofindmytruckgone.Hehurriedtothestationonlytobetoldthetickethadbeensoldout.注意：不定式和only连用，常表示出人意料的结果，ing形式表示自然而然产生的结果。对比：Heliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.Therainstormpouredforseveraldaysinarow,causinggreatdamagetothearea.(3)作原因状语，不定式可跟在一些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等情感的形容词后，说明产生这种情绪的原因。e.g.I’msorrytohearyoufailedtopasstheinterview.【即时训练】1.Howfoolishhewas!______________(pay)offthedebts,Tomsoldhishousesohisfamilybecamehomeless.2.IpaidavisittoJasonlastnight,only______________(tell)hehadgonetoBeijingonbusiness.3.Youloseweightforawhile,only________(gain)backmoreweightwhenyoustopyourweightlossprogram.4.Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice________________(improve)waterquality.5.__