chapter3-2 我国古代物流发展课件讲解

物流专业英语

江苏海事职业技术学院仲颖

AncientLogistics

Chapter3-2

中国古代物流的成因1.铸造钱币和兵器的金银铜铁等原材料，都需要从各地运输到京城。Gold,silver,copper,ironandotherrawmaterialsusedforcastingcoinsandweaponsneedtobetransportedtothecapitalfromalloverthecountry2.皇帝宫殿和陵墓的修建，需要从各地调集木材、石料、珍奇异物等，从而也需要获得物流业的支持。Theconstructionoftheemperor'spalaceandmausoleumalsorequiresthemobilizationofwood,stoneandrareforeignmattersfromalloverthecountry,soastoobtainthesupportofthelogisticsindustry.

3.满足各地区赈灾的需要．Tomeettheneedsofdisasterreliefinvariousregions.4.战争后勤物资的转运，比如粮草、兵器、马匹、盔甲等的运输，也要靠物流业的支持。Thetransportationofwarlogisticsmaterials,suchasgrainandgrass,weapons,horsesandarmor,alsodependsonthesupportofthelogisticsindustry.一、秦朝物流业在中国已经发展了数千年，《礼记·中庸》中记载“书同文”、“车同轨”，人们已经意识到要想实现物或者信息的快速流通。ThelogisticsindustryhasdevelopedforthousandsofyearsinChina.IntheBookofRites,theDoctrineoftheMeanrecordsthat"booksarethesametext"and"carsareonthesametrack".Peoplehaverealizedthattheywanttorealizetherapidcirculationofmaterialsorinformation．车同轨二、汉朝西汉时张骞和东汉时班超通过出使西域开辟了以长安(今西安)、洛阳为起点，经甘肃、新疆，到中亚、西亚，并联结地中海各国的陆上通道。这条道路也被称为“丝绸之路”。ZhangQianintheWesternHanDynastyandBanChaointheEasternHanDynastyopenedupalandpassagetoCentralAsiaandWestAsiafromChang'an(today'sXi'an)andLuoyangtoCentralAsiaandWestAsiathroughGansuandXinjiang,andconnectingtheMediterraneancountries.Thisroadisalsoknownasthe"SilkRoad"二、汉朝通过“丝绸之路”把中国的丝绸、瓷器、和其他豪华制品引入西域各国，并把葡萄、核桃、胡萝卜、等引入中国。China'ssilk,porcelainandotherluxuryproductswereintroducedintothewesternregionsthroughthe"SilkRoad",andgrapes,walnuts,carrots,etc.wereintroducedintoChina.丝绸之路三、隋朝中国幅员辽阔，但黄河、长江、淮河等河流却多为东西走向，南北走向的大河没有一条，在这样的背景下，京杭大运河诞生了。Chinahasavastterritory,buttheYellowRiver,YangtzeRiver,HuaiheRiverandotherriversaremostlyeast-west,andthereisnonorth-southriver.Inthiscontext,theBeijingHangzhouGrandCanalwasborn．物产交流和经济交流极大丰富起来，明代北方棉花种植很普遍，发达的纺织业在江南，结果自然是棉花南运，布匹北运.IntheMingDynasty,cottonplantingwasverycommoninthenorthofChina.ThedevelopedtextileindustrywasinthesouthoftheYangtzeRiver.Naturally,cottonwastransportedtothesouthandclothwastransportedtothenorth.京杭大运河BeijingHangzhouGrandCanal四、唐朝在隋唐以前，海上丝绸之路只是陆上丝绸之路的一种补充形式。到唐代，伴随着我国造船、航海技术的发展，我国通往东南亚、马六甲海峡、印度洋、红海，及至非洲大陆的航路的纷纷开通与延伸，海上丝绸之路终于替代了陆上丝绸之路，成为我国对外交往的主要通道。SuiandTangDynasties,themaritimesilkroadwasonlyasupplementaryformofthelandsilkroad.IntheTangDynasty,withthedevelopmentofChina'sshipbuildingandnavigationtechnology,China'sairroutestoSoutheastAsia,theStraitofMalacca,theIndianOcean,theRedSea,andtheAfricancontinentwereopenedandextendedoneafteranother.ThemaritimesilkroadfinallyreplacedthelandSilkRoadandbecamethemainchannelforChina'sforeignexchanges.

海上丝绸之路Maritiesilkroad位于中国西南地区的茶马古道是以马为交通工具，进行民间商品贸易的通道。TheancientteahorseroadinSouthwestChinaisachannelforfolkcommoditytradewithhorsesasameansoftransportation.古道的诞生起源于古代西南边疆的茶马互市，最初的线路青藏线始于公元7世纪（即唐朝）。青藏线在唐朝时期十分繁荣，行走在古道上的马帮为茶叶的传播作出了不朽的贡献。Thebirthoftheancientroadoriginatedfromtheteahorseexchangemarketinthesouthwestfrontierofancienttimes.TheoriginalrouteoftheQinghaiTibetlinebeganinthe7thcenturyAD.TheQinghaiTibetlinewasveryprosperousintheTangDynasty.Thecaravanontheancientroadmadeanimmortalcontributiontothespreadoftea.茶马古道Tea-horseancientroadway茶马古道Tea-horseancientroadway五、明朝

镖局起源于明朝正德年间，初称“标行”，集运输、武术和保安的民营武装机构。主要承担当时作为一般等价物的现银运输，同时也承接贵重物品的运输，使押送的财物安全运送。其目的主要是为了满足当时的银号等货币交割需要。TheescortagencyoriginatedinZhengdeperiodoftheMingDynasty.Itwasinitiallycalled"biaohang".Itwasaprivatearmedorganizationintegratingtransportation,martialartsandsecurity.Atthattime,themaintransportationofgoodswascashandsilver,whichwasregardedasthegeneralequivalent.Atthesametime,italsoundertookthetransportationofvaluables,sothattheescortedpropertycouldbesafelytransported.镖行“郑和下西洋”ZhengHesailed

在明代，郑和率领一个共有62艘大船的船队数次出海，庞大的舰队所包含的造船技术、航海技术是一座活动的科技展览馆，船上载的使用物品和交流物品更是一座博物馆，中国文化第一次在海上进行了大展示。郑和在把这些中华文化和介绍到海外的同时，他也把地理、海洋和丰富的异域政治、经济、民俗资料，以及货物、物种带回了中国。IntheMingDynasty,ZhengHeledafleetof62largeshipstoseaseveraltimes.Theshipbuildingtechnologyandnavigationtechnologycontainedinthehugefleetisascienceandtechnologyexhibitionhallforactivities.Chineseculturehasbeendisplayedontheseaforthefirsttime.WhileintroducingtheseChineseculturestooverseascountries,ZhengHealsobroughtbacktoChinageography,oceans,richmaterialsonforeignpolitics,economyandfolklore,aswellasgoodsandspecies.

郑和下西洋“车同轨”秦朝丝绸之路汉朝京杭大运河隋朝海上丝绸之路&茶马古道唐朝镖局&“郑和下西洋”明朝从这里，大家可以看出古代物流的发展有什么相通的地方呢？总体中国古代的物流特点：1.多是以大规模的货物运输为主，且多为不易腐烂易于长途运输的货物；Mostofthemarelarge-scalegoodstransportation,andmostofthemarenotperishableandeasytobetransportedforlongdistance.2.多以政治交流为主，单纯的民间贸易还是占少数；Mostofthemarepoliticalexchanges,andthesimplefolktradeisstillintheminority.3.对中国以及世界的生活、技术、经济