任务精读：超前小导管注浆（双语）课件讲解

隧道施工技术超前小导管注浆TunnelConstructionTechnologyAdvanceSmallPipeGrouting概念与特点1布置与安装2超前小导管注浆目录课程小结4施工工艺流程3TableofContentsAdvanceSmallPipeGroutingConceptandCharacteristicsLayoutandInstallationConstructionProcessFlowSummary概念与特点ConceptandCharacteristics01.开挖前，先用喷射混凝土将开挖面和5m范围内的坑道封闭。Advancesmallpipegroutingistosealtheexcavationfaceandthegallerywithin5mbyshotcreting

beforeexcavation.构造组成Structuralcomposition小导管Smallpipe格栅钢架Gridsteelframe超前管棚Advancedcanopytube注浆管Groutingpipe支护系统Supportsystem然后沿坑道周边向前方围岩打入带孔小导管。Drivesmallpipeswithholesintothesurroundingrocksinfrontalongtheperimeterofthegallery.并通过小导管向围岩压注起胶结作用的浆液。Andinjectcementinggroutintothesurroundingrocksthroughsmallpipes.待浆液硬化后，坑道周围岩体就形成了一个有一定厚度的加固圈。Afterthegroutishardened,acaulkingringwithacertainthicknessshallbeformedinthesurroundingrockmassofthegallery.超前小导管注浆概念与特点AdvanceSmallPipeGroutingConceptandCharacteristics.性能特点Performancecharacteristics工艺简单Simpleprocess造价低Lowerconstructioncosts质量可靠Reliablequality安全Safety超前小导管注浆概念与特点AdvanceSmallPipeGroutingConceptandCharacteristics.适用范围Scopeofapplication因此其在砂、土质松软地层中，应用十分广泛。同时，在拱顶薄层松软带、断层破碎带、有地下水影响的地质不稳定、容易坍塌掉块的Ⅳ、Ⅴ级围岩隧道段也适用。Therefore,itiswidelyusedinsoftsandystrata,andisalsosuitableforthinsoftzonesofthecrown,faultfracturezones,tunnelsectionswithClassIVandVsurroundingrockswhichareunstableingeologyandeasytocollapseduetogroundwater.超前小导管注浆概念与特点AdvanceSmallPipeGroutingConceptandCharacteristics.缺点Disadvantages超前小导管注浆存在一次施作距离短，预支护刚度小的问题，因此，其不适用于地层压力大、地层位移控制要求严格的隧道。However,theadvancesmallpipegroutinghasthedisadvantagesofshortone-timeconstructiondistanceandsmallpre-supportrigidity.Therefore,itisnotsuitablefortunnelswithhighformationpressureandstrictrequirementsforformationdisplacementcontrol.超前小导管注浆概念与特点AdvanceSmallPipeGroutingConceptandCharacteristics布置与安装LayoutandInstallation02.安装前Beforeinstallation小导管钻孔安装前，应对开挖面及5m范围内的坑道喷射5～10cm厚的混凝土封闭。First,beforedrillingandinstallationofsmallpipes,theexcavationsurfaceandthegallerywithin5mshallbesealedwithconcretewithathicknessof5to10cm.超前小导管注浆布置与安装AdvanceSmallPipeGroutingLayoutandInstallation.形状选择和布置Shapeselectionandlayout小导管一般采用直径42mm的焊接钢管或直径32毫米的无缝钢管制作，长度为3至6米，前端做成尖锥形，前段管壁上每隔10至20厘米交错钻眼，眼孔直径宜为6至8毫米。Smallpipeisgenerallymadeofweldedsteelpipeswithadiameterof42mmorseamlesssteelpipeswithadiameterof32mm,thelengthshouldbe3m~6m,thefrontendshouldbecone-shaped,thefrontpipewallshallbedrilledevery10cm~20cminastaggeredmanner,andtheholediametershouldbe6mm~8mm.超前小导管注浆布置与安装AdvanceSmallPipeGroutingLayoutandInstallation.外插角及间距Externalangleandspacing钻孔直径应较管径大20毫米以上，环向间距应按地层条件而定。渗透系数大的，间距亦应加大，一般采用20至50厘米；外插角应控制在10°至30°之间，一般采用15°。Theholediametershallbemorethan20mmlargerthanthepipediameter.Thecircumferentialspacingshallbedeterminedasperthestratumconditions.Ifthepermeabilitycoefficientislarge,thespacingshouldalsobeincreased,generally20cm~50cm;Theexternalangleshallbecontrolledwithin10°to30°,generally15°.超前小导管注浆布置与安装AdvanceSmallPipeGroutingLayoutandInstallation.排管的选择SelectionofrowsofpipesV级围岩劈裂，压密注浆时可采用单排管；Duringdrilling,itshouldbenotedthatsingle-rowpipescanbeusedforsplittingofClassVsurroundingrocksandcompactiongrouting;超前小导管注浆布置与安装AdvanceSmallPipeGroutingLayoutandInstallationⅣ级围岩或处理坍方时可采用双排管；Double-rowpipescanbeusedforClassIVsurroundingrocksorcollapsetreatment;地下水丰富的松软层，可采用双排以上的多排管；Multi-rowpipeswithmorethantworowscanbeusedforsoftlayersrichingroundwater;渗入性注浆宜采用单排管；Single-rowpipesshouldbeusedforinfiltrationgrouting;大断面或注浆效果差时可采用双排管。Double-rowpipescanbeusedforlargesectionsorpoorgroutingeffect..封堵孔口Sealtheorifice小导管插入后应外露一定长度，以便连接注浆管；并用塑胶泥（40°Bé水玻璃拌525号水泥）将小导管周围孔隙封堵密实。Afterthesmallpipeisinserted,acertainlengthshallbeexposedtofacilitatetheconnectionofgroutingpipe;andtheporesaroundthesmallpipeshallbetightlysealedwithplasticclay(sodiumsilicatemixedwith40°Bé525#cement).超前小导管注浆布置与安装AdvanceSmallPipeGroutingLayoutandInstallation施工工艺流程ConstructionProcessFlow03.施工准备Constructionpreparation测量定位Surveyingandpositioning钻孔作业Drilling钻孔验收Holeacceptance小导管安装Installsmallpipe封堵工作面Sealworkingface调试注浆管路Commissioningofpipeline开始注浆Startgrouting检查效果Inspecteffects超前小导管注浆施工工艺流程AdvanceSmallPipeGroutingConstructionProcessFlow小导管制备Preparationofsmallpipe施工准备

Constructionpreparation测量定位

Surveyingandpositioning钻孔作业

Drilling清孔

Holecleaning下管、封堵孔口

Pipeloweringandorificesealing喷射混凝土封堵工作面

Sealingofworkingfacebyshotcreting连接、调试注浆管路

Connectionandcommissioningofpipeline注浆作业

Grouting尾管与钢架焊连

Weldingbetweenlinerandsteelframe原材料进场

Mobilizationofrawmaterials浆液配比设计

Designofgroutmixratio注浆试验

Groutingtest浆液制备

Groutpreparation调整注浆参数

Adjustmentofgroutingparameters钻孔验收Holeacceptance注浆效果分析

Analysisofgroutingeffects结束

End不合格Unaccepted合格Accepted不能满足需求Notcomplywithrequirements.断层破碎带及砂卵石地层等强渗透性地层中，应采用料源广且价格便宜的注浆材料。Instronglypermeablestratasuchasfaultfracturezonesandsandycobblestrata,groutingmaterialswithwidesourcesandlowpriceshallbeused.强渗透性地层Stronglypermeablestrata无水的松散地层，宜优先选用单液水泥浆。Generally,forloosestratawithoutwater,single-liquidgroutshouldbepreferred.松散地层Loosestrata对于有水的强渗透地层，则宜选用双液水泥-水玻璃浆，以控制注浆范围。Forstronglypermeablestratawithwater,double-liquidcement-sodiumsilicategroutshouldbeselectedtocontrolthegroutingrange.有水的强渗透性地层Stronglypermeablestratawithwater注浆材料GroutingMaterials超前小导管注浆施工工艺流程AdvanceSmallPipeGroutingConstructionProcessFlow.当裂隙宽度小于1毫米，或渗透系数k大于等于10-5米每秒时，注浆材料宜优先选用水玻璃类浆液。Forfaultmudzone,whenthefissurewidthislessthan1mm,orthepermeabilitycoefficientkisgreaterthanorequalto10-5m/s,Sodiumsilicategrout

shouldbepreferredforgroutingmaterials.断层泥带Faultmudzone中、细、粉砂层、细小裂隙岩层及断层泥地段等，宜选用渗透性好、低毒及遇水膨胀的化学浆液，如聚氨酯类。Forweaklypermeablestratasuchasmedium,fineandsiltysandstrata,finefissurerockstrataandfaultmudsections,chemicalgroutwithgoodpermeability,lowtoxicityandwaterswelling,suchaspolyurethane,shouldbeselected.弱渗透地层Weaklypermeablestrata对于不透水的黏土层，则宜采用高压劈裂注浆。Fortheimpermeableclaylayer,highpressuresplittinggroutingshouldbeadopted.不透水的黏土层Impermeableclaylayer注浆材料GroutingMaterials超前小导管注浆施工工艺流程AdvanceSmallPipeGroutingConstructionProcessFlow10-5m/s10-5m/s.注浆Grouting注浆应采用注浆泵注浆，为加速注浆，可安装分浆器同时多管注浆，浆液随配随用，注浆时注浆顺序应由下至上、浆液先稀后浓。Groutingpumpsshallbeadoptedforgrouting.Inordertospeedupgrouting,groutdistributorsmaybeinstalledformultiple-pipegroutingatthesametime,andthegroutshallbeusedimmediatelyafteritisprepared.Groutingshouldbecarriedoutfrombottomtotop,andthegroutshouldbethinatfirstandthicklater.注浆施工要点如下：Thekeypointsofgroutingareasfollows:超前小导管注浆施工工艺流程AdvanceSmallPipeGroutingConstructionProcessFlow.注浆Grouting小导管注浆的孔口最高压力应严格控制在允许范围内，以防压裂开挖面，注浆压力一般为0.5～1.0MPa，止浆塞应能经受注浆压力。Themaximumpressureattheorificeofsmallpipegroutingshallbestrictlycontrolledwithinallowablerangetopreventexcavationfacefrombeingfractured.Thegroutingpressureshallgenerallybe0.5to1.0MPa,whichshallbewithstoodbythestop-groutingplug.超前小导管注浆施工工艺流程AdvanceSmallPipeGroutingConstructionProcessFlow注浆施工要点如下：Thekeypointsofgroutingareasfollows:.注浆Grouting要控制注浆量，即每根导管内已达到规定注浆量时，就可结束。Controlgroutingamount,thatis,whenthespecifiedgroutingamounthasbeenreachedineachpipe,groutingcanbeended.超前小导管注浆施工工艺流程AdvanceSmallPipeGroutingConstructionProcessFlow注浆施工要点如下：Thekeypointsofgroutingareasfollows:.注浆Grouting注浆结束后，应做一定数量的钻孔检查或用声波探测仪检查注浆效果，如未达到要求，应进行补注浆。Aftergrouting,acertainnumberofholesshallbecheckedorthegroutingeffectsshallbecheckedwithasonicdetector.Ifitfailstomeettherequirements,re-groutingwillbecarriedout.超前小导管注浆施工工艺流程AdvanceSmallPipeGroutingConstructionProcessFlow注浆施工要点如下：Thekeypointsofgroutingareasfollows:.注浆Grouting注浆后应视浆液种类，等待4～8h方可开挖。Aftergrouting,excavationcanbecarriedoutin4to8hoursaccordingtothetypeofgrout.超前小导管注浆施工工艺流程AdvanceSmallPipeGroutingConstructionProcessFlow注浆施工要点如下：Thekeypointsofgroutingareasfollows:.质量要求Qualityrequirements超前小导管实测项目MeasuredItemsofAdvanceSmallPipe超前小导管注浆施工工艺流程AdvanceSmallPipeGroutingConstructionProcessFlow序号S/N检查项目InspectionItems规定值或允许偏差SpecifiedValueorAllowableDeviation检查方法和频率InspectionMethodandFrequency1长度（mm）Length(mm)不小于设计值Notlessthanthedesignvalue尺量：逐根检查Measuringwitharuler:checkonebyone2数量（根）Quantity(piece)不少于设计值Notlessthanthedesignvalue目测：现场逐根清点Visualinspection:checkthemonebyoneonsite3孔位（mm）Holeposition(mm)±50尺量：每5环抽查5根Measuringwitharuler:samplinginspectionon5piecesevery5rings4孔深（mm）Holedepth(mm)大于钢管长度设计值Longerthanthedesignlengthofsteelpipe尺量：每5环抽查5根Measuringwitharuler:samplinginspectionon5piecesevery5rings.安全质量注意事项Safetyandqualityprecautions超前小导管注浆施工工艺流程AdvanceSmallPipeGroutingConstructionProcessFlow施工期间，尤其在注浆时，应对支护的工作状态进行检查。当发现支护变形或损坏时，应立即停止注浆，采取措施。

Duringconstruction,especiallyduringgrouting,workingconditionsofsupportshallbechecked.

Ifanysupportisfoundtobedeformedordamaged,groutingshallbestoppedimmediatelyandmeasuresshallbetaken.相邻两排小导管纵向搭接长度必须符合设计要求，且不小于1米。

Thelongitudinaloverlappinglengthoft