电子专业英语Lesson-8-Clock-Sources省公开课金奖全国赛课一等奖微课获奖课件

Unit3ElectronicSystemComponentsLesson8ClockSources《电子信息工程专业英语教程》任治刚主编电子工业出版社

7/23/202411/45Lesson8ClockSourcesBackgroundsTexttour

LanguageinuseVocabularyStructureReading/writingtechniques7/23/202422/45TerminologyOscillatorTCXO,PLL,VCODetectorBackgrounds7/23/202433/45Terminology

7/23/202444/45Oscillator振荡器Resonant谐振SeriesResonant串联谐振ParallelResonant并联谐振Resonatingfrequency谐振频率Oscillator7/23/202455/45TCXO:TemperatureCompensatedCrystalOscillator 温度赔偿晶体振荡器PLL:PhaseLockedLoop 锁相环VCO:VoltageControlledOscillator 压控振荡器TCXO,PLL,VCO7/23/202466/45detectorn.检测器,检波器,探测元件phasedetectorn.鉴相器,相位检测器frequencydetectorn.鉴频器,频率检测器Detector7/23/202477/45OutlineClockDevicesCrystals,CrystalOscillators,CompensatedOscillators,VoltageControlledOscillator,FrequencySynthesizers,ClockBuffersClockParametersClockJitter,Skew,Tolerance/Accuracy,Stability,Aging,Slew,DutyCycleTexttour7/23/202488/45Abasicpiezoelectricquartzcrystal

TwokindsofcrystalsSeriesResonantParallelResonantClockDevices

Crystals7/23/202499/45AnoscillatorwiththecrystalasthefeedbackelementProvidesthemostaccurateandstableoutputfrequency.Thepreferredclocksourceinmosthigh-speeddigitalsystemsrequiringclocks.ClockDevices

CrystalOscillators7/23/20241010/45TrytoadjustthevariationinfrequencyduetotemperatureandvoltageTemperatureCompensatingOscillators(TCXO)

ClockDevices

CompensatedOscillators7/23/20241111/45TheoutputofVCOiscontrolledbyavoltagecontrolinputpin.ClockDevices

VoltageControlledOscillator7/23/20241212/45UseoneormorePLLtogenerateonetomanydifferentfrequenciesontheiroutputs,fromoneormorereferencesources.APLLhastwoinputsareferenceinputafeedbackinput.APLLcorrectsfrequencyintwowaysfrequencycorrectionPhasecorrectionClockDevices

FrequencySynthesizers7/23/20241313/45Figure3.4.BlockDiagramofaPhaseLockedLoopClockDevices

FrequencySynthesizers7/23/20241414/45Adeviceinwhichtheoutputwaveformdirectlyfollowstheinputwaveform.HaveapropagationdelaySkewwillexistontheoutputsClockDevices

ClockBuffers7/23/20241515/45Thedeviationsinaclock’soutputtransitionsfromtheiridealpositions.Cycle-cyclejitterPeriodjitterLong-termjitterCausesofjitterPowersupplynoiseTheinternalPLLofthesynthesizerRandommechanicalnoisefromvibrationsofthecrystalRandomthermalnoisefromcrystal,oranyotherresonatingdevice.ClockParameters

ClockJitter7/23/20241616/45Thevariationinarrivaltimeoftwosignalsspecifiedtoarriveatthesametime

ClockDriverSkew(IntrinsicSkew)BoardDesignSkew(Extrinsicskew)ClockParameters

Skew7/23/20241717/45Ameasureofhowclosethepartoperatestothespecified(nominal)frequency,typicallyreferencedatambienttemperature(25oC+/-5oC).ClockParameters

Tolerance/Accuracy7/23/20241818/45Aparameterusuallyassociatedwithcrystalsandoscillators.ClockParameters

Stability7/23/20241919/45Thesystematicchangeinfrequencyovertimeduetointernalchangesincrystal/oscillator.ClockParameters

Aging7/23/20242020/45Therateofchangeofvoltageorfrequency

ClockParameters

Slew7/23/20242121/45Theratiooftheoutputhightimetothetotalcycletime.ClockParameters

DutyCycle7/23/20242222/45VocabularyIncrement,propagation,deviation,transition,Intrinsic,extrinsic,nominalStructureReading/writingtechniquesLanguageinuse7/23/20242323/45Vocabulary7/23/20242424/45IncrementindictionaryTheprocessofincreasinginnumber,size,quantity,orextent. 增加Somethingaddedorgained: 增量Aslight,oftenbarelyperceptibleaugmentation. 微小增加Oneofaseriesofregularadditionsorcontributions: 累加Asmallpositiveornegativechangeinthevalueofavariable. 变量增量7/23/20242525/45IncrementintextTheResolutionwilldetermineinwhatsizeincrementsthefrequencycanchange.精度决定了频率改变增量。

7/23/20242626/45Incrementinuseangleincrement角增量annualincrement年增量averageincrement平均增量frequencyincrement频率增量logarithmicincrement对数增量7/23/20242727/45PropagationindictionaryMultiplicationorincrease,asbynaturalreproduction. 繁殖Theprocessofspreadingtoalargerareaorgreaternumber;dissemination. 蔓延；散发Theactorprocessofpropagating,especiallytheprocessbywhichadisturbance,suchasthemotionofelectromagneticorsoundwaves,istransmittedthroughamediumsuchasairorwater. 传输7/23/20242828/45PropagationintextAClockBufferisadeviceinwhichtheoutputwaveformdirectlyfollowstheinputwaveform.Theinputwaveformpropagatesthroughthedeviceandisredrivenbytheoutputbuffers.Hence,suchdeviceshaveapropagationdelayassociatedwiththem.Inaddition,duetothedifferencesbetweenthepropagationdelaythroughthedeviceoneachinput-outputpath,skewwillexistontheoutputs.时钟缓冲器是一个输出波形直接跟随输入波形器件。输入波形经过该器件并被输出缓冲器重新驱动。所以,该类器件存在传输延迟。另外,因为在每个输入-输出通道间存在传输延迟差异,输出端将出现相位抖动。7/23/20242929/45Propagationinusebeyond-the-horizonpropagation超越地平线传输,超视距传输carrypropagation进位传送earth-layerpropagation地层传输errorpropagation误差传输forward-scatterpropagation前向散射传输freespacepropagation自由空间传输7/23/20243030/45Propagationinusegroundwavepropagation地波传输high-frequencypropagation高频传输microwavepropagation微波传输multipathpropagation多径传输radiopropagation无线电波传输ultrasonicpropagation超声波传输7/23/20243131/45DeviationindictionaryTheactofdeviatingorturningaside. 背离，偏离Anabnormality;adeparture: 反常；偏移:Deviantbehaviororattitudes. 不正常行为或态度Thedifference,especiallytheabsolutedifference,betweenonenumberinasetandthemeanoftheset. 偏差7/23/20243232/45DeviationintextJittercanbedefinedasthedeviationsinaclock’soutputtransitionsfromtheiridealpositions.Thedeviationcaneitherbeleadingorlaggingtheidealposition.抖动被定义为时钟输出状态转换位置偏离了理想位置。这种偏离可能超前于理想位置,也可能滞后于理想位置。7/23/20243333/45absolutedeviation绝对差randomdeviation随机偏差secondorderdeviation二阶方差systemdeviation系统偏差Deviationinuse7/23/20243434/45Deviationinuse

deviationaberrationdivergence

Thecentralmeaningsharedbythesenounsisthedeparturefromwhatisprescribedorexpected.toleratesnodeviationfromtherules;regrettedtheaberrationsofherearlylife;thedivergenceoftwocultures.7/23/20243535/45TransitionindictionaryTheswitchingfromonestate(e.g.,positivevoltage)toanother(negative)inaserialtransmission.Achangefromonesignificantconditiontoanotherinatelegraphoradatasignal.7/23/20243636/45TransitionintextPeriodjitter,alsocalledshort-termjitter,isachangeinaclock’soutputtransitionfromitsidealpositionoverconsecutiveclockedges.周期内抖动也称为短期抖动。它是指在相继时钟边缘范围内时钟输出状态转换位置偏离理想位置。7/23/20243737/45Transitioninuseblack-to-whitetransition黑白过渡coaxial-to-waveguidetransition同轴线-波导管过渡environmentaltransition环境变迁flip-floptransition触发器状态转换7/23/20243838/45Intrinsic,extrinsicindictionaryIntrinsic:Oforrelatingtotheessentialnatureofathing;inherent. 本质；固有Theintrinsicvalueofacoinisthevalueofthemetalitismadeof.Extrinsic:Notforminganessentialorinherentpartofathing;extraneous. 非本质，无关系That'ssomethingextrinsictothesubject.Originatingfromtheoutside;external. 外来；外部7/23/20243939/45Intrinsic,extrinsicintextClockDriverSkew(IntrinsicSkew)istheamountofskewcausedbytheclockdriveritself.时钟驱动器相位偏移（内部相位偏移）是由时钟驱动器引发相位偏移量。BoardDesignSkew(Extrinsicskew)istheamountofskewcausedbyboardlayoutissuessuchas:电路板设计相位偏移（外部相位偏移）是由以下电路板布线问题造成相位偏移量:7/23/20244040/45NominalindictionaryAssignedtoorbearingaperson'sname提名,记名Existing