动词不定式+高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册

UNIT3

SEAEXPLORATIONDiscoveringUsefulStructuresToreviewinfinitivesanddosomeexercises.Readthefollowingsentencesandanalyzewhatfunctionsthecoloredpartservesasineachsentence.1.Tocompletethegreatmapoftheworld

wasastrongpassionforthepeopleofearlycivilisations.2.MarcoPolo’stalesinspiredEuropeanexplorerstosearchforsearoutes

fromwesttoeast.3.MerchantsfromChinaandmanyotherplacesmettonegotiatetradedeals.4.Toreachoutacrossthesearemainsastrongdesiretoday.5.TheaimofthisinitiativeistoencouragecooperationandtradeacrossthehistoricSilkRoadareas.subject主语objectcomplement宾语补足语adverbial状语subject主语predicative表语6.Thiswillhelptogreatlydevelopthewholeareaforthebenefitoffuturetradeandculturalexchange.7.ChinahasjoinedothernationsonseveralexpeditionstoexploretheArctic.8.ThereisanurgentneedtostudytheArcticinordertounderstandclimatechangeanditseffects.9.Theneedtotradeandthedesiretoenhancerelationships

willdriveChinatoreachoutacrosstheseafarintothefuture.宾语object状语adverbial定语attributeattribute定语；定语动词不定式主动被动用法一般式todotobedone表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生的动作完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作进行式tobedoing/表示正在进行的动作，与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生完成进行式tohavebeendoing/表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前一直进行的动作不定式的构成与形式Marryissohappytoseeyou.Kimtoldmetocomeearlier.HeseemstobereadingEnglishpoems.Hepretendednottoseeme.HepretendedtobereadingwhenIenteredtheroom.Hepretenedtohaveknowneverything.HeissaidtohavetranslatedthebookintoEnglishlastyear.Heclaimedtohavebeenbadlytreatedinthesupermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.动词不定式的不同形式表示的意义不定式是非谓语动词的一种，在句中可以作除谓语以外的其他成分，如主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语、状语等。e.g.Tosayisonething;todoisanother.

Hewantstoknowhismother’ssecret.

Mydreamistowriteabookaboutmylife.

Theprofessoraskedherassistanttomakeadetailedplan.

ThebestplacetovisitinMayismyhometown.

Ireturnedhomeonlytofindshehadleft.不定式的用法不定式作主语不定式作主语通常位于句首，表示具体的某次动作，谓语动词用_________形式。egTolearnaskillisveryimportantforeveryoneinsociety.当todo主语较长、谓语短时，用it作形式主语，todo放后面。it作形式主语代替真正主语不定式常见于以下情况中：Itis+adj.+for/ofsb.todosth.Itis+n.+(forsb.)todosth.Ittakes/took/willtakesb.sometime/moneytodosth.egItwaswiseofyoutorefusehisinvitation.单数不定式作宾语常跟不定式作宾语的动词：agree,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,desire,determine,expect,fail,intend,learn,plan,manage,offer,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,threaten,wishneed/want/require

+doing=need/want/require+tobedone

e.g.Theflowerswant/need/requirewateringonceaweek.

Theflowerswant/needtobewateredonceaweek.starttodo=startdoingbegintodo=begindoingcontinuetodo=continuedoingremember/forget/regrettodoremember/forget/regretdoingtrytodotrydoingmeantodomeandoingegI’msorrytohavedonethat.Ididn’tmeantobesorude.

Thatdoesn’tmeanreadingittooslowly.记得/忘记/遗憾要做某事记得/忘记/懊悔做过某事设法做努力做做某事试着做某事打算、意欲做某事意味着……egPleasemakeaneffort

tocatchthebus.Hemadeapromise

tocomehereontimetomorrow.Aftermonthsofunemployment,allheaskedforwasachance

toearnhisbread.常用不定式作定语的情况1.抽象名词ability,ambition,attempt,chance,courage,desire,decision,effort,way,moment,belief,dream,promise,right,time,wish...后常用不定式做定语（一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力等意义的名词）。不定式做定语时常放在被修饰词的后面，常表示尚未发生的动作。Wehavemuchhomeworktodotonight.2.当名词被序数词、形容词最高级，以及theonly,thelast,thenext,theright等词修饰时，常用不定式作定语。

e.g.Ritawastheonlyperson

tocomplain.

Hewasthefirstman

toflyacrosstheAtlantic.

Tomisthebestman

todothejob.常用不定式作定语的情况egDoyouhaveanything

toexplain?

Thereisnothing

toworry

about.

Iwanttogetsomething

todrink.3.当修饰的词为something,nothing,anything等不定代词时。比较：Ihavealotofclothestowash.Ihavealotofclothestobewashed.区分：不定式做定语的主被动形式当不定式与被修饰的词构成动宾关系，且和句中的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系或在句子中能找到其逻辑主语，用主动形式todo

；Thesecretaryasked,“Sir,doyouhaveanydocumentstobetyped?”当不定式与被修饰词构成逻辑上动宾关系，但其逻辑主语不明确时，用被动形式tobedone。egIcan’tgooutthisafternoon,becauseIhavemanymaterialstotype.不定式作状语（1）作目的状语相当于inorder和soasto，但soasto不能放在句首。Theyweregladtoseetheirsontakengoodcareofinthekindergarten.Tocatchthebus,Igotupatsixthismorning．（2）作原因状语，用于“主语+be+形容词+todo”结构中，形容词多是happy,glad,excited,disappointed,shocked等表示喜怒哀乐的形容词，用于说明某种情绪产生的原因。eg.Iamsoexcited

tobehere!Heisglad

tobeinvitedtothemeeting.

(3)作结果状语，用于“only+todo”结构，未曾预料到的或令人不快的结果。egHearrivedatthetrainstation,onlytofindthetrainhadalreadyleft.Georgereturnedafterthewar,onlytobetoldthathiswifehadlefthimadvise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,intend,invite,like,love,order,persuade,prefer,remind,require,teach,tell,want,warn,wish,waitfor,callon,dependon跟不定式作补语的动词及动词词组：e.g.Heaskedmetogiveapresentationaboutastronomytotheclass.

We’retryingto

persuade

manufacturerstosellthemhere.不定式作补语感官动词和使役动词后常接省to的不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中，不定式to不能省略。SomeonesawMaryenter

thebuildingaboutthetimethecrimewascommitted.Marywasseentoenterthebuildingaboutthetimethecrimewascommitted.难点：动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义(1)动词不定式作定语与被修饰词构成动宾关系，且和句中的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系或在句子中能找到其逻辑主语。▶Wehavemassesofworktodotoday.Hurryup!(2)“主语+be＋形容词＋动词不定式”结构中，不定式和主语构成动宾关系时。▶Thequestioniseasytoanswer.

(3)动词不定式与疑问代词连用时。▶Whattodonexthasn’tbeendecided.(4)固定搭配：toblame,tolet,toseek等常用主动形式表示被动意义。▶IfeltIwastoblameforthisbicycleaccident.根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子。1)It’smygreathonor________________________(认识你).2)I’mhungry,getme___________________________(吃的东西),please.3)Thepurposeofnewtechnologyis________________________________(使生活更加容易).4)Thenewsreporterhurriedtotheairport,only________

________________(被告知)thefilmstarhadleft.toknowyousomethingtoeattomakelifeeasiertobetold5)Theteacheraskedus________________________________________________(不要弄出这么大的噪音).6)Weareleavingatsixo’clock,andhope________________________________________________(午饭前到达那里).7)Theyknowherverywell.Theyhad________________________________(看着她长大)sincechildhood.8)Thoughheoften________________________________________(把他的小妹妹弄哭),todayhe________________________________(被弄哭)byher.nottomake

suchloudnoisetoarrive/get

therebeforelunchtimeseenher

growupmakeshislittlesistercrywas

madetocryJointhewordstomakesentencesusinginfinitives.Thendecidethefunctionofeachinfinitive.He/encouragedme/participateinthesurfingcompetition2.Thestorm/seems/begettingcloser3.Magellan/wasthefirstperson/sailaroundtheworldHeencouragedmetoparticipateinthesurfingcompetition.(OC)Thestormseemstobegettingcloser.(P)Magellanwasthefirstpersontosailaroundtheworld.(Attr)4.TheUNpeacekeepingforce/aims/maintainpeaceandpreventarmedconflicts5.Thecrowd/stood/applaud/scientists/fortheirimportantoceanresearchworkTheUNpeacekeepingforceaimstomaintainpeaceandpreventarmedconflicts.(O)Thecrowdstoodtoapplaudscientistsfortheirimportantoceanresearchwork.(Ad)v.鼓掌6.Itisagoodidea/tax/plasticbottles/sothatpeopleusethemless7.TheJiaolongmannedsubmersible/issaid/beable/reach7kmunderwater8.Itremains/beseen/whetherornothiscapsule

canworkItisagoodideatotaxplasticbottlessothatpeopleusethemless.(S)TheJiaolongmannedsubmersibleissaidtobeabletoreach7kmunderwater.(O;O)Itremainstobeseenwhetherornothiscapsulecanwork.(O)v.对……征税；使纳税n.胶囊；太空舱ReadthebeginningofTheLittleMermaidandusetheproperformsoftheverbsinbracketstofillintheblanks.Faroutintheocean,wherethewaterisasclearasglass,livestheSeaKing.Theoceanistoodeep_____________(measure).Wemayimaginethereisnothingexceptyellowsandunderthesea,butactuallyitisnotrare_________(see)themostuniqueflowersandplants__________(dance)inthefast-movingwater.

tomeasure

tosee

dancingInthedeepestspotofallstandstheSeaKing’scastle,whichhaswallsofcoralandaroof_________(form)ofbeautifulshells.

Themotheroftheking,awisewomanwhoisproud_____________(be)bornintotheroyalfamily,takescareofhissixdaughters.Amongthesixsea-princesses,theyoungestistheprettiest.Althoughshehasdelicateskinlikearose-leafandeyesasblueasthedeepestsea,shehasnofeetbutafishtailjustlikehersisters.

tohave

beenformedThemostcommonwayfortheprincesses________(play)alldaylongis___________________(swim)inthehallsofthecastleoramongtheflowersgrowingoutofthewalls,feedingandtouchingthefish___________(swim)uptotheirhandsthroughthewindows.Theyseem_____________(notworry)aboutanything,exceptfortheyoungest,who

…

toplay

swimming

/toswim

swimming

nottoworry1.Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(远足)andaccommodationsaim_________(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.（2021年全国乙卷）tohave2.Mary'ssister,FrancesToddWallace,oftencameover_________(plant)flowersinthefrontyard.

（2021年6月浙江卷）toplant3.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-4______(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.(2020新课标全国卷I)4.Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout________(find)thewell-knownpainter.(20